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Juan García Oliver

 
Art Encyclopedia: Juan Oliver

( fl 1330-32). Spanish painter. He executed the wall paintings in the canons' refectory of Pamplona Cathedral in 1330. The painting from the main end wall (6.15*3.76 m; Pamplona, Mus. Navarra; see SPAIN, fig. 11 and GOTHIC, fig. 81) is a rectangular composition depicting the Passion and Resurrection of Christ, with superimposed inscriptions. The Passion scenes are flanked by prophets with phylacteries, and in the lower zone are five minstrels amid the coats of arms of the patrons, including those of Arnaldo de Barbaz?n, Bishop of Pamplona (1318-55), Queen Joanna II of Navarre and King Philip III of Evreux (1328-49), and Gast?n II, Conde de Foix. An inscription records the date of completion (1330), the name of the artist and the fact that 'Don Juan Periz de Estella, Archdeacon of S Pedro de Osun, was placed in charge of the works ... and had the refectory made'. Juan Oliver is again mentioned in documents of 1332 as a painter from Pamplona in the service of the royal house of Navarre. His highly refined style shows the influence of Anglo-French work, and the remains of 14th-century wall paintings in Navarre testify to his influence.

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Wikipedia: Juan García Oliver
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Juan García Oliver (1901, Reus, Tarragona Province—1980) was a Spanish Anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary, and a leading figure of Anarchism in Spain.

During the General Strike of 1917, García Oliver arrived in Barcelona and got involved in trade union activities. Along with Buenaventura Durruti and Francisco Ascaso, he founded Los Solidarios, an Anarchist group responsible for various assassinations, including an attempt on King Alfonso XIII's life. In 1920, he joined the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labor, CNT).

He was one of the most vocal opponents of the moderate Syndicalist trend led by Ángel Pestaña (the latter was skeptical of the means advocated by the inner group of the CNT, the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (Iberian Anarchist Federation, FAI)). Pestaña led his supporters out of the Confederación in late 1932, in order to create the Syndicalist Party; García Oliver remained virtually unopposed as the advocate of paramilitary tactics, which he had argued for since the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

García Oliver eventually became the leader of the FAI. When the CNT reluctantly decided to enter the Popular Front government during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, García Oliver served as Minister of Justice under Francisco Largo Caballero (1936-1937). He encouraged workers to disarm during the Barcelona May Days of May 1937, calling a ceasefire. Some consider him a traitor to the Spanish anarchists for his willingness to compromise with government, while others see his concessions as understandable considering the need to defeat Francisco Franco.

He left the government later in the same month, but remained active in Barcelona until Catalonia fell in 1939, taking refuge in France, then Sweden, and finally in Mexico (where he remained until his death).

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