| Roman imperial dynasties | |||
| Julio-Claudian dynasty | |||
| Chronology | |||
| Augustus | 27 BC – 14 AD | ||
| Tiberius | 14 AD – 37 AD | ||
| Caligula | 37 AD – 41 AD | ||
| Claudius | 41 AD – 54 AD | ||
| Nero | 54 AD – 68 AD | ||
| Family | |||
| Gens Julia Gens Claudia Julio-Claudian family tree Category:Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
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| Succession | |||
| Preceded by Roman Republic |
Followed by Year of the Four Emperors |
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Julia the Younger (19 BC - c. AD 29)(Classical Latin: IVLIA•MINOR[1]) or Julilla (little Julia) was a Roman noblewoman of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was the second child of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder. Along with her sister Agrippina the Elder, Julia was raised and educated by her maternal grandfather Augustus and her maternal step-grandmother Livia Drusilla.
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Life
About 5 BC or 6 BC, Augustus arranged her to marry Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1).[2] Paullus had a family relation to her as her first half-cousin, as both had Scribonia as grandmother: Julia's mother was a daughter of Scribonia by Augustus; Paullus' mother, Cornelia Scipio, was a daughter of Scribonia resulting from her earlier marriage to Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito.
Paullus and Julia had a daughter, Aemilia Lepida and (possibly) a son, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. According to Suetonius, she built a large pretentious country house. Augustus disliked large overdone houses and had it demolished.[3]
In 8, according to ancient historians, Julia was exiled for having an affair with Decimus Junius Silanus, a Roman Senator. She was sent to Trimerus, a small Italian island, where she gave birth to a child. Augustus rejected the infant and ordered it to be exposed,[4] or left on a mountainside to die. Silanus went into voluntary exile, but returned under Tiberius' reign.[5]
Sometime between 1 and 14, her husband Paullus was executed as a conspirator in a revolt.[6] Modern historians theorize that Julia's exile was not actually for adultery but for involvement in Paullus' revolt.[7] Livia Drusilla plotted against her stepdaughter's family and ruined them. This led to open compassion for the fallen family. Julia died on the same island where she had been sent in exile twenty years earlier.[8] Due to the adultery that Julia committed, Augustus stated in his will that she would never be buried in Rome.[9]. She was survived by her son and daughter and by several grandchildren.
Variants of her name
Julia is also mentioned under following names:
- Vipsania Julia Agrippina;
- Iulilla;
- Julia, Augustus' granddaughter
- Julia (Caesaris) minor.
She was not Julia Caesaris by birth: being the daughter of a Vipsanius Agrippa makes her a Vipsania Agrippina by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name would have been used for her. She came to belong to the household of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather Augustus.[10] Further Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son (and heir), and while Tiberius was remarried to Julia the Elder, Augustus sort of became paternal grandfather to Julia the Elder's children too, including Julia the Younger. A formal adoption "in the family of the Caesars" among the offspring of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder is however only recorded regarding Vipsania Julia's brothers Gaius — hence Gaius Caesar — and Lucius — hence Lucius Caesar.[11] Her youngest sister (Agrippina the Elder) and brother (Agrippa Postumus) are usually called after their natural father. Likewise, her eldest half-sisters (Vipsania Agrippina and Vipsania Marcella) were named after their father Vipsanius (Agrippa). Her youngest half-brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed Tiberillus, after his father Tiberius.
Note that also the younger of the two sisters of Julius Caesar is sometimes named Julia (Caesaris) minor by historians.
See also
Notes
- ^ E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen - e.a. (edd.), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III (PIR), Berlin, 1933 - I 635
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, "II. Augustus", LXIV
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, "II. Augustus", LXXII
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, "II. Augustus", LXV
- ^ Tacitus, Ann. III, 24
- ^ Suetonius, The Lives of Caesars, Life of Augustus 19
- ^ Norwood, Frances, "The Riddle of Ovid's Relegatio" Classical Philology (1963) p. 154
- ^ Tacitus, Ann. IV, 71
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, "II. Augustus", CI
- ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, "II. Augustus", LXIV – note that Augustus was member of the Julii Caesares gens through (posthumous) adoption by the (maternal) uncle of his mother Atia - that maternal uncle was of course Julius Caesar; Augustus was an Octavius by birth (hence his name Octavianus after that posthumous adoption had taken place).
- ^ Tacitus, Ann. I, 3
External links
- The Archeological museum of the University of Innsbruck displays a sculpted head that is presumably Vipsania Julia's: Inv. Nr. I/506 – Image at the university's website.
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