Jungermanniales

(botany) The leafy liverworts, an order of bryophytes in the class Marchantiatae characterized by chlorophyll-containing, ribbonlike or leaflike bodies and an undifferentiated thallus.

The largest order of liverworts, often called the leafy liverworts; it consists of 43 families. The leaves are in three rows, with the underleaves usually reduced or lacking. Other distinctive features include a perianth formed by a fusion of modified leaves, a short-lived seta, and a four-valved capsule. The leaves have an embryonic bilobed phase which may be lost on further development.

The plants of this order are dorsiventrally organized and leafy. They grow by means of an apical cell with three cutting faces, resulting in two rows of lateral leaves and a third row of underleaves which are generally reduced, and sometimes lacking. The stems lack a central strand. Rhizoids are usually present, all smooth. The leaves pass through a primordial two-lobed stage but may become two to several-lobed, or unlobed (owing to obliteration of one primordial lobe). A midrib is lacking. Asexual reproduction by gemmae is common. Antheridia occur in leaf axils, sometimes also in axils of underleaves. Archegonia are terminal. The sporophyte is usually protected by a perianth (in addition to a calyptra) formed by the fusion of leaves. The seta, usually long, consists of delicate, hyaline cells. The capsule is four-valved. See also Bryophyta; Jungermanniidae.

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: large order of chiefly tropical liverworts
  Synonym: order Jungermanniales

Jungermanniales
A leafy liverwort, Scapania sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Marchantiophyta Class: Jungermanniopsida Order: Jungermanniales
Families
See text.

Jungermanniales is the largest order of liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid, with no evidence of leaves.

Families of Jungermanniales

Acrobolbaceae Adelanthaceae Antheliaceae Arnelliaceae Balantiopsidaceae Brevianthaceae Bryopteridaceae Calypogeiaceae Cephaloziaceae Cephaloziellaceae Chaetophyllopsidaceae Chonecoleaceae Geocalycaceae Goebeliellaceae

Grolleaceae Gymnomitriaceae Gyrothyraceae Herbertaceae Jackiellaceae Jubulaceae Jubulopsidaceae Jungermanniaceae Lejeuneaceae Lepicoleaceae Lepidolaenaceae Lepidoziaceae Mastigophoraceae Mesoptychiaceae

Neotrichocoleaceae Perssoniellaceae Phycolepidoziaceae Plagiochilaceae Pleuroziaceae Porellaceae Pseudolepicoleaceae Ptilidiaceae Radulaceae Scapaniaceae Schistochilaceae Trichocoleaceae Trichotemnomataceae Vetaformataceae

External links

• Photos of species

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