| Karen | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Burma and across the border into Thailand |
| Genetic classification: |
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Karen |
| Subdivisions: |
Pa’o
Sgaw-Bghai
|
| ISO 639-2 and 639-5: | kar |
The Karen languages are tonal languages spoken by some three million Karen people. They are of unclear affiliation within the Tibeto-Burman languages.[1] The Karen languages are written using the Burmese script.[2] The three main branches are Sgaw, Pwo, and Pa'o. Karenni (also known Kayah or Red Karen) and Kayan (also known as Padaung) are related to the Sgaw branch. They are almost unique among the Tibeto-Burman languages in having a Subject Verb Object word order; other than Karen and Bai, Tibeto-Burman languages feature a Subject Object Verb order [3]. This is likely due to influence from neighboring Mon and Tai languages[4]. The languages are also considered unusual for not having any Chinese influence.[5]
Classification
Because they are linguistically conservative in many ways, Benedict (1972) removed the Karen languages from Tibeto-Burman in a Tibeto-Karen family, but this no longer seems justified.
The internal structure of the family is as follows:
- Pa’o
- Pwo (Eastern, Northern, Western, Phrae)
- Sgaw-Bghai
References
- ^ Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (2003). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 0700711295. http://books.google.com/books?visbn=0700711295&id=5MeWSTQ7F44C&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&ots=9q3UPOhcej&dq=%22Karen+languages%22&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=HhqKW7Lozuo8wykGiHKDxmizJjM.
- ^ Omniglot
- ^ Description of the Sino-Tibetan Language Family
- ^ Matisoff, James A. (1991). "Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects". Annual Review of Anthropology (Annual Reviews Inc.) 20: 469–504. doi:.
- ^ Thai Cultural Tourism
- George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
External links
- Kawthoolei, meaning ‘a land without evil’, is the Karen name of the land of Karen people. An independent and impartial media outlet aimed to provide contemporary information of all kinds — social, cultural, educational and political
- Karenpeople.org, a non-profit web portal on the Karen peoples
- Karen.org, The website of the Karen National League of Bakersfield, California
- Drum Publication Group, Sgaw Karen language materials available free online. Includes an online English - Sgaw Karen Dictionary.
- http://www.kwekalu.net, The only Karen language news outlet online based in Mergui/Tavoy District of Kawthoolei
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