| Karol Olszewski | |
|---|---|
 Karol Olszewski |
|
| Born | Karol Stanisław Olszewski January 29, 1846 Broniszów, Galicia |
| Died | March 24, 1915 (aged 69) Kraków, Galicia |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Education | Jagiellonian University in Kraków Heidelberg University PhD |
| Occupation | Scientist |
| Known for | First to liquefy oxygen and nitrogen. First Polish X-ray Photographs |
| Title | Professor |
Karol Stanisław Olszewski (29 January 1846 in Broniszów – 24 March 1915 in Kraków, Galicia) was a Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist.
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Life
Olszewski studied at Kraków's Jagiellonian University in the departments of mathematics and physics, and chemistry and biology. He carried out his first experiments using a personally improved compressor, compressing and condensing carbon dioxide.
Olszewski defended his doctoral dissertation at Heidelberg University, then returned to Kraków, where he was made profesor nadzwyczajny (associate professor).[1]
In 1883, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski were the first in the world to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapor).
In 1884, in his Kraków laboratory, Olszewski was the first to liquify hydrogen in a dynamic state, achieving a record low temperature of -225 °C (48 K). In 1895 he liquified argon. He did not succeed, only, in liquifying newly-discovered helium.[2]
In 1896, on hearing of Roentgen's work with x-rays, within a few days in early February Olszewski replicated it, thus initiating the university's department of radiology.[3][4]
See also
Notes
- ^ "Polish Ministry of Culture, Science and Media website". http://www.poland.gov.pl/Karol,Olszewski,and,Zygmunt,Wroblewski:,condensation,of,oxygen,and,nitrogen,1987.html. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^ "Olszewski, Karol Stanisław," Encyklopedia Polski, p. 464.
- ^ "Krakow Chair of Radiology History". http://www.cm-uj.krakow.pl/radiologia/historia_en.html. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^ Stanisław Leszczyński and Andrzej Urbanik. "History of Polish Radiology". http://www.polradiologia.org/english/history/histor3.html. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
References
- "Olszewski, Karol Stanisław," Encyklopedia Polski, p. 464.
"In this building
Karol Olszewski [and]
Zygmunt Wróblewski
professors at Jagiellonian University
in 1883
for the first time in the world liquifed
components of air
thereby opening to science and industry
new fields of research and application"
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