Kaskaskia River

Kaskaskia River
Origin	Champaign County, Illinois west of Champaign, Illinois
Mouth	Mississippi River 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Chester
Basin countries	United States
Length	approximately 320 mi (515 km)
Source elevation	~840 ft, (Yankee Ridge)
Mouth elevation	~350 ft
Avg. discharge	420 m³/s[1]
Basin area	approximately 5,746 square miles (14,950 km²)

The Kaskaskia River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 320 miles (515 km) long, in central and southern Illinois in the United States. The second largest river system within Illinois, it drains a rural area of farms, as well as rolling hills along river bottoms of hardwood forests in its lower reaches.

"Cascasquia" is an alternative, supposedly more French, spelling of "Kaskaskia" that is sometimes encountered. It was named after a clan of the Illiniwek encountered by the early French Jesuits and other settlers. "Okaw River" was an alternative name for the Kaskaskia that persists in place names along the river, including Okawville, and in a major tributary, the West Okaw River.

Hydrography

Shelbyville Lake and Dam on the Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, Illinois

The Kaskaskia rises in east central Illinois in several farm ditches along the west side of Champaign. The headwaters of the river is just north of Interstate 74, where it is marked with a sign. The river flows south across rural Champaign and Douglas counties, then southwest across southern Illinois, past Vandalia. It joins the Mississippi from the north approximately 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Chester and 40 miles (64 km) south-southeast of St. Louis, Missouri. The watershed of the river encompasses approximately 5,746 square miles (14,950 km²), approximately 10.2% of the state of Illinois.

A coal loading facility on the Kaskaskia River near New Athens in St. Clair County, Illinois

The Kaskaskia is impounded in Shelby County to form Lake Shelbyville. It is also impounded in Clinton County southwest of Vandalia to form Carlyle Lake.

For most of the 19th century, the river joined the Mississippi at Chester. Deforestation of river banks of the Mississippi and tributaries to fuel the hundreds of steamboats that plied the river had several significant environmental effects: destabilizing the banks, causing the Mississippi to become wider and more shallow, causing more severe flooding and leading to lateral channel changes in the American Bottoms area.^[2] In the aftermath of a major 1881 flood, the Mississippi changed its channel and moved east to flow along the lower 10 miles (16 km) of the channel of the Kaskaskia, shifting the confluence 10 miles north. As a result, a small portion of Illinois, including the former capital of Kaskaskia, was cut off from Illinois when the river moved to its east side. It is now located on the west side of the Mississippi. Kaskaskia, essentially an island, can only be reached by a bridge from the Missouri shore. The Kaskaskia River State Fish & Wildlife Area is located along the lower river in southern Illinois.

Fort Kaskaskia was located near the mouth of the river in Randolph County.

See also

• List of Illinois rivers

References

External links

• Kaskaskia River State Fish & Wildlife Area
• Kaskaskia River Watershed
• Northern Illinois University: Kaskasia River in Randolph County
• Surf the Upper Kaskaskia with USEPA
• Surf the Middle Kaskaskia
• Surf the Shoal Watershed
• Surf the Lower Kaskaskia