kettledrum

A drum with a hemispherical body as resonator; the most familiar are the orchestral Timpani. Kettledrums may be made from materials ranging from tortoise shells and hollowed-out tree trunks to clay or metal bowls; the head is attached over the open body by lacing, thong-tensioning, pegs etc. The shape strengthens certain overtones in the harmonic series so that the kettledrum produces a definite pitch and can be tuned.

Such drums were known in Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium bc and were used by the Huns in the 3rd and 2nd centuries bc. They are often paired; common in the Middle East, they were adopted in Europe during the Crusades (13th century). The Arabic term naqqāra became the French nacaires and the English Nakers. In India a small thong-tensioned kettledrum constitutes the lower drum of the Tablā.

A drum consisting of a skin stretched over a large shell in the shape of a half-sphere. The pitch of the kettledrum can be changed by manipulating screws at the edge of the skin or pedals at the bottom of the drum. Kettledrums are usually used in classical music in sets of two or more and are known by their Italian name, timpani.

Dansk (Danish)
n. - pauke

Nederlands (Dutch)
pauk

Français (French)
n. - (Mus) timbale

Deutsch (German)
n. - Pauke

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (μουσ.) τύμπανο συμφωνικής ορχήστρας, τουμπελέκι

Italiano (Italian)
timpano

Português (Portuguese)
n. - tímpano (m) (Mús.)

Русский (Russian)
литавра, званый чай по вечерам

Español (Spanish)
n. - timbal

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - puka

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
定音鼓, 午后茶会

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 定音鼓, 午後茶會

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 반구형의 큰북

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ケトルドラム

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) طبله‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תוף מורכב מחצי כדור נחושת שעל פיו מתוח קלף, תונפן, תוף הכיור‬

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