(b Seoul, 1878; d Seoul, 1968). Korean calligrapher and painter. He was born into a highly influential family at the end of the Choson period (1392-1910) and enjoyed a successful civil service career until the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910, after which he concentrated on calligraphy and painting. As a child he had studied with the calligrapher and painter, Chi Un-su, and in his thirties and forties he was a prolific painter of bamboos and orchids in the style of MIN YONG-IK. As a result of his association with the Chinese painter Fang Luo, who visited Korea in 1926, he came into contact with the style of the SHANGHAI SCHOOL and began to paint sensuous flowering plants in a light palette. After Korean independence from Japan in 1945, his calligraphy was even more acclaimed, and he became actively involved in the Kukchon (National Art Exhibition; see KOREA,

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