Wikipedia:

Kishotenketsu

Kishotenketsu (起承転結) describes the structure and development of Chinese and Japanese narratives. It was originally used in Chinese poetry as a 4-line composition, and is also referred to as 'kishotengou' (起承転合). The first chinese character refers to the introduction or 'kiku' (起句), the next: development, 'shoku' (承句), the third: twist, 'tenku' (転句), and the last character indicates conclusion or 'ketsu' (結句).

The following is an example of how this might be applied to a fairytale.

Ki 起 Introduction, what characters appear, era, and other important information for understanding the setting of the story.
Sho 承 Follows on from the introduction and leads to the twist in the story. Major changes do not occur.
Ten 転 This is the crux of the story, which is also referred to as the 'yama' (ヤマ) or climax. It has the biggest twist in the story.
Ketsu 結 Also referred to as the 'ochi' (オチ) or ending, it wraps up the story by bringing it to its conclusion.



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