| Columbia Encyclopedia: Komi Republic |
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Coordinates: 63°9′10″N 55°49′41″E / 63.15278°N 55.82806°E
| Komi Republic (English) Республика Коми (Russian) Коми Республика (Komi) |
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|---|---|
| Coordinates: n/a | |
| Coat of Arms | Flag |
Coat of arms of the Komi Republic |
Flag of the Komi Republic |
| Anthem: National Anthem of the Komi Republic | |
| Capital | Syktyvkar |
| Established | August 22, 1921 |
| Political status | Republic |
| Federal District | Northwestern[1] |
| Economic region | Northern[2] |
| Area[3] | 415,900 km2 (160,579.9 sq mi) |
| - Rank within Russia | 13th |
| Code ISO 3166-2:RU |
11 RU-KO |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population[4] | 1,018,674 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 54th |
| - Density | 2.4 /km2 (6.2/sq mi) |
| - Urban[4] | 75.3% |
| - Rural[4] | 24.7% |
| Official language(s) | Russian, Komi[5] |
| Government (as of November 2008) | |
| Head[6] | Vladimir Torlopov[7] |
| Legislative body | State Council[6] |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Komi Republic |
| Official website | |
| http://www.rkomi.ru/ | |
The Komi Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Ко́ми, Respublika Komi; Komi: Коми Республика, Komi Respublika) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).
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The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain. Forests cover over 70% of the territory and swamps cover approximately 15%.
The Komi Republic is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
Major rivers include:
There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:
The republic's natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and more.
Around 32,800 km² of mostly boreal forest (as well as some alpine tundra and meadows) in the Republic's Northern Ural Mountains have been recognized in 1995 as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Virgin Komi Forests. It is the first natural UNESCO World Heritage site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe. The site includes two pre-existing protected areas: Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (created in 1930) and Yugyd Va National Park (created in 1994).
Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.
Deemed one of the Seven Wonders of Russia, Komi Republic is home to Manpupuner (Man-Pupu-Nyer), a mysterious site in the northern Ural mountains, in the Troitsko-Pechorsky District, made out of seven rock towers bursting out of the flat plateau known as the “7 strong men“. Manpupuner is a very popular attraction in Russia, but not on an international level and information regarding its origin is scarce. We know however that their height and abnormal shapes make the top of these rock giants inaccessible even to experienced rock-climbers. Manpupuner is very hard to reach, it lies in a very harsh environment, but once there you’ll be able to enjoy a view unique in the whole world.
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians make up 59.6% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Komi are only 25.2%. Other groups include Ukrainians (6.1%), Tatars (15,680 or 1.5%), Belarusians (15,212 or 1.5%), Ethnic Germans (9,246 or 0.9%), Chuvash (7,529 or 0.7%), Azeris (6,066 or 0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population. 5,700 people (0.6%) did not indicate their nationalities during the Census.
| census 1926 | census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komi | 191,245 (92.2%) | 231,301 (72.5%) | 245,074 (30.4%) | 276,178 (28.6%) | 280,798 (25.3%) | 291,542 (23.3%) | 256,464 (25.2%) |
| Russians | 13,731 (6.6%) | 70,226 (22.0%) | 389,995 (48.4%) | 512,203 (53.1%) | 629,523 (56.7%) | 721,780 (57.7%) | 607,021 (59.6%) |
| Ukrainians | 34 (0.0%) | 6,010 (1.9%) | 80,132 (9.9%) | 82,955 (8.6%) | 94,154 (8.5%) | 104,170 (8.3%) | 62,115 (6.1%) |
| Others | 2,304 (1.1%) | 11,459 (3.6%) | 90,998 (11.3%) | 93,466 (9.7%) | 105,886 (9.5%) | 133,355 (10.7%) | 93,074 (9.1%) |
Source: [1]
| Vital Statistics | Births 2007 | Deaths 2007 | BR 2007 | DR 2007 | NGR 2007 | BR Jan-aug 2007 | BR J-A 08 | DR J-A 07 | DR J-A 08 | NGR J-A 07 | NGR J-A 08 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komi Republic | 11,523 | 12,304 | 11.9 | 13.8 | -0.19% | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 12.6 | -0.11% | -0.07% |
| Urban | 8,087 | 8,204 | NA | NA | NA | 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.7 | 11.2 | -0.03% | 0.01% |
| Rural | 3,436 | 4,100 | NA | NA | NA | 13.0 | 13.8 | 16.4 | 17.0 | -0.34% | -0.32% |
| Syktyvkar | 3,013 | 2,733 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 0.02% | 12.3 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 0.07% | 0.05% |
| Vorkuta | 1,126 | 1,064 | 9.5 | 10.3 | -0.08% | 9.3 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 0.05% | 0.15% |
| Vuktyl | 210 | 200 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 0.04% | 12.9 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 14.7 | 0.08% | -0.35% |
| Inta | 414 | 495 | 10.2 | 13.7 | -0.35% | 10 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 13.2 | -0.21% | -0.28% |
| Pechora | 714 | 916 | 11.3 | 16.2 | -0.49% | 11.3 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 14.5 | -0.35% | -0.31% |
| Sosnogorsk | 582 | 725 | 11.6 | 15.8 | -0.42% | 10.9 | 11.7 | 14.8 | 14 | -0.39% | -0.23% |
| Usinsk | 614 | 459 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 0.30% | 11.5 | 12.1 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 0.27% | 0.33% |
| Ukhta | 1,414 | 1,612 | 11.1 | 12.7 | -0.16% | 11 | 11.4 | 13.1 | 11.4 | -0.21% | 0.00% |
| Izhemsky District | 315 | 368 | 15.6 | 1.5 | -0.09% | 15.2 | 17.4 | 18.2 | 18.2 | -0.30% | -0.08% |
| Knyazhpogostsky District | 290 | 411 | 10.9 | 16.8 | -0.59% | 10.2 | 10.2 | 15.5 | 14.6 | -0.53% | -0.44% |
| Koygorodsky District | 129 | 140 | 13.9 | 18.6 | -0.47% | 14.1 | 14.1 | 15.1 | 19.1 | -0.10% | -0.50% |
| Kortkerossky District | 314 | 373 | 13.7 | 17.8 | -0.41% | 14 | 12.2 | 15.8 | 16.7 | -0.18% | -0.45% |
| Priluzsky District | 318 | 402 | 13.9 | 21.8 | -0.79% | 13 | 14.2 | 16.6 | 19.2 | -0.36% | -0.50% |
| Syktyvdinsky District | 308 | 341 | 12.8 | 14.6 | -0.18% | 13.2 | 15.6 | 15.1 | 14.8 | -0.19% | 0.08% |
| Sysolsky District | 214 | 302 | 13.3 | 17.0 | -0.37% | 14.7 | 12 | 18.8 | 17.9 | -0.41% | -0.59% |
| Troitsko-Pechorsky District | 193 | 262 | 12.0 | 19.1 | -0.71% | 12.2 | 13.9 | 16.7 | 18.5 | -0.45% | -0.46% |
| Udorsky District | 280 | 305 | 11.9 | 14.3 | -0.24% | 11.7 | 13 | 12.5 | 13.3 | -0.08% | -0.03% |
| Ust-Vymsky District | 443 | 543 | 14.0 | 19.4 | -0.54% | 14.9 | 12.7 | 17.7 | 16 | -0.28% | -0.33% |
| Ust-Kulomsky District | 453 | 433 | 14.8 | 19.5 | -0.47% | 15.1 | 15.1 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 0.12% | -0.01% |
| Ust-Tsilemsky District | 179 | 220 | 12.5 | 16.0 | -0.35% | 11.1 | 15.3 | 16.3 | 17.8 | -0.52% | -0.25 |
A northernmost portion of European Russia, Komi was an unspoiled land throughout most of history, dwelt in only by nomadic native peoples.
The territory of the republic was most intensely settled in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast was established on August 22, 1929, and on December 5 of the same year it was reorganized into an Komi-Zyryan ASSR.
Many of the "settlers" who came in the early 20th century were prisoners of the Gulag who were sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which were initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga by gangs of prisoners.[citation needed]
The Komi Republic in its modern form was established on May 26, 1992.
The head of government in the Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2008, the head of the republic is Vladimir Torlopov, who was elected in December 2001.
The State Council is the legislature.
The Komi Republic's major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, natural gas and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.
Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas–Vorkuta–Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.
In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads 4,677 km.
There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.
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