Kragehul I (DR 196 U) is a migration period lance-shaft found in Fyn, Denmark. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. The spear shaft was found in 1877 during the excavation of the classic war booty sacrificial site Kragehul on southern Funen. The site holds five deposits of military equipment from the period 200 to 475 AD. The spear shaft probably belongs to the latest deposit.
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Inscription
The Elder Futhark inscription reads:
- ek e=rila=z asugisalas m=uh=a h=aite g=ag=ag=a ginu g=ah=e ... lija ... hagala wiju big- ...[1]
The first part is read as
- ek erilaz asugisalas muha haite, gagaga
Interpreted as "I, the Erilaz of Asugisalaz am called Muha" followed by some sort of battle cry or chant. Asugisalaz contains ansu- "god" and gisala- "sprout, offspring". Muha may either be a personal name, or a word meaning "retainer" or similar. The runes of gagaga are displayed as a row of three bindrunes based on the X-shape of the g rune with sidetwigs attached to its extremities for the a. A similar sequence gægogæ is found on the Undley bracteate.
Interpretations
The gagaga and the remaining part of the inscriptions have prompted varying and partly fanciful interpretations.
Schneider
Schneider (1969) opts for bull sacrifice, reading g-a as "gift, god!" and the remaining as
- Ginugahelija Hagala wiju bi g[aia].
- "the mighty roarer [the sacrificial bull], the Hagal, I dedicate to the spear".
Düwel
Düwel (1983) reads the thrice repeated g-a as g[ibu] a[uja] "I give good fortune". For the second part of the inscription, he has
- ginu-ga he[lmat]lija ... hag?l(a) wi[g]ju bi g[aia].
- "magical-"ga", the helmet-destroying hail I dedicate to the spear"
Pieper
Pieper (1999) reads g-a as g[ebu] a[nsu] "gift to the god [Odin]", with following
- ginu-ga hellija hag?la wiju bi g[ebu].
- "magical-god-gift, hellish hail I dedicate upon this gift"
MacLeod and Mees
MacLeod and Mees (2006) read gagaga as an onomatopoeia related to forms like the Undley bracteate's gægogæ, and read the expression as a metrical charm
- gagaga ginu gahellija, hagala wiju bi g[aize].
- "gagaga I yell resoundingly, hail I dedicate in the s[pear]"
Peres & Sashimuta
Peres & Sashimuta (2009) read read gagaga as a conjunction of ideas, "trigo" (as in barley; and trigo as in tri-god; Undley bracteate's gægogæ, (nækj=or); gor god gor= 2 gor god, from svensk erisian; tvaagor god= BOG ORE GOD; casting the gods of all gods, GOAG, the gutts)
and reads not only as a metrical charm, though also as a simple john; gagaga ginu gahellija, hagala wiju bi g[aize]. "Tri-God mystie bow, we live beneath your gaze", again unveiling the nature of the place. we think the staff only utility was to remind the owner to keep a sober mind. we also read a note, hidden between the words; ek erilaz (dear vibe i am) - asugisalas(ashi gates key) -muha haite(too much hate), gagaga (trigo= the magus sight)
"the magus eye tyger tygress the eye"; as the caster.
Notes
- ^ According to Rundata 2.0.
References
- Düwel, Klaus, Runenkunde 2nd ed., Stuttgart 1983.
- MacLeod, Mindy, and Bernard Mees, Runic Amulets and Magic Objects, Woodbridge 2006.
- Pieper, Peter, "Fluchweihe" oder "Weihefluch": Imitative Kampfesmagie bei den Germanen nach dem Zeugnis von Runeninschriften in: Studien zur Sachsenforschung, 13, 1999, 303-324.
- Rundata 2.0 for Windows.
- Schneider, Karl, Runische Inschriftenzeugnisse zum Stieropferkult der Angelsachsen in: Festschrift für Edgar Mertner, (hg.) Fabian, Bernhard, Suerbaum, Ulrich. München 1969, 9-54.
External links
See also
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