Lützen, a small town near Leipzig, was the location of a battle between the forces of Gustavus Adolphus and Wallenstein on 16 November 1632 (see Dreissigjähriger Krieg). Gustavus Adolphus forced the battle, knowing that Wallenstein was vulnerable owing to the detachment of his general Pappenheim with some 10, 000 men to Halle. At the opening of the battle the Swedes, some 16, 000 strong, outnumbered Wallenstein's army, which was already defeated when Pappenheim, hastily summoned, checked the Swedish advance but sustained a mortal wound. Piccolomini then took his place. By that time Gustavus Adolphus had been killed and Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar had taken over the command. Wallenstein set Lützen on fire in order to use it as a smokescreen and, at nightfall, withdrew his forces towards Halle.




