| Lan-nang | |
|---|---|
| Lân-lâng-oé; 咱侬话 | |
| Spoken in |  Philippines |
| Region | Metro Manila, Angeles, Cebu, Bacolod, Vigan, Naga, Ilagan, Davao City, and other Philippine communities with a substantial Chinese minority. |
| Native speakers | 592,200 (98.7% of all Chinese and Filipino in the Philippines) (date missing) |
| Language family | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Lan-nang (Chinese: 咱侬话; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lán-nâng-ōe; literally "our people's language") is the Philippine variant of Hokkien. It is a subdialect of the Amoy dialect of Xiamen, Fujian, China. Lan-nang is spoken among the Chinese and Filipino residents of the Philippines. It is characterized by loanwords from Tagalog, Spanish, and Cantonese, as well as its emphasis on colloquialisms and local innovations from dialects such as Amoy and Choan-Chiu (Quanzhou). It is estimated that 98.7% of all Chinese residents of the Philippines, roughly 592,200 people, speak Lan-nang as their mother language.[1]
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Contents
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Phonetics
In some situations, Lan-nang is written in the Latin alphabet. Under the direction of the Chinese Congress on World Evangelization-Philippines, an international organization of Overseas Chinese Christian churches around the world, romanization of Lan-nang is based predominantly on the Pe̍h-ōe-jī system.
Initials
b, ch, chh, g, h, j, k, kh, l, m, n, ng, p, ph, s, t, th
Finals
- Vowels: a, i, u, e, o, o͘
- Diphthongs: ai, au, ia, iu, io, ui, oa, oe
- Triphthongs: iau, oai
- Nasals: m, n, ng
Tones
Lan-nang has five tones, reduced to two in checked syllables. Tones are expressed by diacritics; checked syllables (i.e. those ending with glottal stops) are marked by the letter h. Where diacritics are not technically available, e.g. on some parts of the internet, tone numbers may be used instead.
- a (yinping)
- á (shangsheng)
- à (yinqu)
- ah (yinru)
- â (yangping)
- ā (yangqu)
- a̍h (yangru)
Examples of the tones: chhiūⁿ 象 (elephant), pà 豹 (leopard), bé 馬 (horse), ti 豬 (pig), chôa 蛇 (snake), ah 鴨 (duck), lo̍k 鹿 (deer)
Sample phrases
Hello!
- Dí hō? (lit. "[Are] you well?)
Good morning!
- Ho cha khi.
I don't know.
- Guá m̄ chaiⁿ yaⁿ
My surname is Chua.
- Gua e si-mia si Chhua
Do you know how to speak Lan-nang?
- Dí e-hiáo kóng Lán-nâng-oé bâ?
Where is the soap?
- Hï-gé sá-bun tí-to-lò'?
- 'sá-bun' (雪文), though sounds similar to the Tagalog sabón, is not borrowed from that language. In Taiwanese, which is a variant of Hokkien that is not influenced by Tagalog, it is pronounced as sap-bûn. Etymologically speaking, perhaps both Taiwanese and Tagalog ultimately derive sap-bûn/sabon from the Romance languages that had brought the concept of soap to them (Portuguese sabão and Spanish jabón respectively).
I love you very much.
- Goa tsin thia di.
Can you get me a glass of water?
- Dí e chhue-jit káng-goá tuè chhi pui chhui bo?
- "Chhi pui" (一杯) literally means "one glass" and fluent speakers of the language use this. However, the Tagalog word "baso" is also sometimes used.
Do you eat noodles?
- Dí le chhia mì bâ?
- Some people would use the Tagalog "pansit" instead of "mi" for noodles. The word "pansit" itself was derived from the Hokkien "Pien Sit"
Write a cheque for him.
- Kan i sia tse-ke.
- 'tse-ke', like 'sabón', though commonly used in the Tagalog language, also has its roots in the Taiwanese dialect.
Do you eat sweet potatoes?
- Dí e chhia ka-mú-ti bâ?
- 'ka-mú-ti' is borrowed from Tagalog kamote, and ultimately from Spanish camote.
When are you going to China?
- Dí ti-si beh'-khï Tňg-soaⁿ?
His friend is in the hospital.
- I e siong-hó ti piⁿ-chhù.
- 'siong-hó' (相好), meaning "friend", is the colloquial term for 'pêng-iú' (朋友), while 'piⁿ-chhù' (病厝), meaning "hospital" or "house for the sick", is the colloquial term for 'yi-î'.
- 'siong-ho' term is used to describe an amourus friend, i.e. Boyfirend/Girlfriend rather than just plain friend. 'pêng-iú' is more common term for friend.
Where are you going?
- Di be khi to lo?
Happy birthday to you.
- Si dit khuai lok!
You're really stupid!
- Di zua gong!
I love you!
- Gua Ay Dí!
Geographic spread
Lan-nang-ōe is spoken throughout the Philippines where there are significant numbers of Hokkien Chinese. Cities in the Philippines that have a significant number of Chinese include Metro Manila, Angeles City, Davao City, Vigan City, San Fernando City, Pampanga, Ilagan, Isabela, Cauayan City, Cabatuan, Isabela, Naga City, Cebu City, Iloilo City, Bacolod City, Tacloban City, Cagayan de Oro City, and Zamboanga City.
Uniqueness
Although Lan-nang-ōe is generally mutually comprehensible with Hokkien, including Taiwanese, certain words in Lan-nang-ōe are only used in the Philippines. Often, this results in confusion in Lan-nang-ōe speakers, especially in China. Other aspects of Lan-nang-ōe's uniqueness is its massive use of Hokkien colloquial words. Because there is an absence of a central agency governing Lan-nang-ōe, various subvarieties have developed. In Cebu, for example, instead of Tagalog, Cebuano words are also incorporated. The vast majority of the Chinese who came to the Philippines had their ancestral roots in Fujian, so Lan-nang-ōe is closer to the Hokkien dialects spoken in China.
See also
- Filipino Chinese
- Filipino-Mandarin
- Min Nan
- Hokkien
- Taiwanese Hokkien
- Teochew dialect of Min Nan
- Penang Hokkien
Notes
- ^ Ethnologue.com Chinese, Min Nan (statistics as of 1982)
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