Leaf-warbler

Leaf-warblers
Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Phylloscopidae
Genus:	Phylloscopus Boie, 1826
Species
Some 55-60; see text.

Leaf-warblers are small insectivorous birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus. This was placed in the "wastebin" Old World warbler family, but is now moved into a new family Phylloscopidae (Alström et al. 2006). There are presently some 55 species in the genus, but this composition makes it polyphyletic with regards to Seicercus. Thus, several species will soon be moved out of the present genus.

These are active, constantly moving, warblers always associated with trees, though normally in fairly open woodland rather than tight plantations. They occur from top canopy to undershrubs. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters.

Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warblers", their songs are very simple

Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory.

The species traditionally placed in Phylloscopus are:

• Red-faced Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus laetus
• Laura's Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus laurae
• Yellow-throated Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus ruficapilla
• Uganda Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus budongoensis
• Brown Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus umbrovirens
• Black-capped Woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus herberti
• Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
• Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis
  • Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis exsul (extinct: 1986?)
  • Western Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis canariensis
• Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
  • Siberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis
• Iberian Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus brehmii
• Mountain Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus
• Plain Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus neglectus
• Western Bonelli's Warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli
• Eastern Bonelli's Warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis
• Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
• Dusky Warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus
• Smoky Warbler, Phylloscopus fuligiventer
• Tickell's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus affinis
• Buff-throated Warbler, Phylloscopus subaffinis
• Sulphur-bellied Warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
• Yellow-streaked Warbler, Phylloscopus armandii
• Radde's Warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
• Buff-barred Warbler, Phylloscopus pulcher
• Ashy-throated Warbler, Phylloscopus maculipennis
• Pallas's Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
• Pale-rumped Warbler or Lemon-rumped Warbler, Phylloscopus chloronotus
  • Simla Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (chloronotus) simlaensis
• Gansu Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus kansuensis
• Chinese Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus yunnanensis – P. sichuanensis is a junior synonym
• Brooks' Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus subviridis
• Yellow-browed Warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
• (Western) Hume's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus humei – formerly in P. inornatus
  • Mandell's Leaf-warbler or Eastern Hume's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus (humei) mandelli
• Arctic Warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
• Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
  • Dull-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) obscuratus
  • Two-barred Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) plumbeitarsus
  • Western Greenish Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) viridanus
  • Green Warbler or Bright-green Warbler, Phylloscopus (trochiloides) nitidus
• Pale-legged Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes
• Sakhalin Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides
• Large-billed Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus magnirostris
• Tytler's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus tytleri
• Western Crowned Warbler, Phylloscopus occipitalis
• Eastern Crowned Warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
• Izu Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus ijimae
• Blyth's Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus reguloides
• Hainan Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus hainanus
• Emei Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus emeiensis
• Davison's Leaf-warbler or White-tailed Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus davisoni
• Yellow-vented Warbler, Phylloscopus cantator
• Limestone Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus calciatilis
• Sulphur-breasted Warbler, Phylloscopus ricketti
• Lemon-throated Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus cebuensis
• Mountain Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus trivirgatus
• Sulawesi Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus sarasinorum
• Timor Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus presbytes
• Island Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus poliocephalus
• Philippine Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus olivaceus
• Makira Leaf-warbler or San Cristobal Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus makirensis
• Sombre Leaf-warbler or Kulambangra Leaf-warbler, Phylloscopus amoenus
• Limestone leaf warbler, Phylloscopus calciatilis

References

• Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban & Sundberg, Per (2006): Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015

• Badyaev Alexander V. & Leaf, Elizabeth S. (1997): Habitat associations of song characteristics in Phylloscopus and Hippolais warblers. Auk 114(1): 40-46. PDF fulltext

• Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 849655306X.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: phylloscopus

• Leaf warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection