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Leo von Caprivi
| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Georg Leo count von Caprivi |
| German Literature Companion: Georg Leo von Caprivi de Caprera de Montecuccoli |
Caprivi de Caprera de Montecuccoli, Georg Leo von (Charlottenburg, 1831-99, Crossen), entered the Prussian army in 1849 and served in the wars of 1866 and 1870, attaining the rank of general (General der Infanterie). On the fall of Bismarck in 1890 Caprivi was appointed imperial chancellor by the Emperor Wilhelm II with the task of setting a new course in foreign affairs. An immediate consequence was the refusal to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia (see Rückversicherungsvertrag). Under his administration the treaty was signed by which Britain and Germany exchanged Heligoland for Zanzibar. Caprivi incurred violent criticism for this step and also encountered opposition with an education measure for Prussia (1892), an increase in the strength of the army (1893), tariff reforms which affected the landed classes, and a revision of the criminal code. He was dismissed by the Emperor in 1894. Caprivi was a soldier and administrator, not a politician. After his fall he engaged in no polemics and wrote no memoirs.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Leo Graf von Caprivi |
Caprivi, Leo, Graf von (lā'ō gräf fən käprē'vē), 1831-99, German chancellor, whose full name was Georg Leo, Graf von Caprivi de Caprara de Montecuculi. A former army officer and head of the admiralty, he succeeded (1890) Bismarck as chancellor. Under him the antisocialist law was abrogated and military service was shortened from three to two years. Favoring industrial over agrarian interests, he negotiated (1892-94) a series of reciprocal trade agreements to stimulate industrial exports. The agreements reduced duties on agricultural products and aroused agrarian opposition to Caprivi, which contributed to his dismissal (1894). Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst succeeded him as chancellor.
| Wikipedia: Leo von Caprivi |
| Count Leo von Caprivi | |
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| In office 20 March 1890 – 26 October 1894 |
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| Monarch | William II |
| Preceded by | Prince Bismarck |
| Succeeded by | Prince Hohenlohe |
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| In office 20 March 1890 – 23 March 1894 |
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| Monarch | William II |
| Preceded by | Prince Bismarck |
| Succeeded by | Count Eulenburg |
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| Born | 24 February 1831 |
| Died | 6 February 1899 (aged 67) |
| Political party | None |
| Signature |  |
Georg Leo Graf von Caprivi de Caprera de Montecuccoli (English: Count George Leo of Caprivi, Caprera, and Montecuccoli, born Georg Leo von Caprivi; 24 February 1831 – 6 February 1899) was a German major general and statesman, who succeeded Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor of Germany. Caprivi served as German Chancellor from March 1890 to October 1894.
Biography
Born in Charlottenburg at Berlin to a family of Italian and Slovenian origin. His family original surname is Kopriva and they originated from Koprivnik, Kočevski Rog, Slovenia. Caprivi entered the army in 1849 and served in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the latter as a corps Chief of Staff. From 1883 to 1888 he served as Chief of the Imperial Admiralty, a position in which he showed significant administrative talent. He was briefly appointed to the command of the Tenth Army Corps (stationed in Hanover), before being summoned to Berlin by Wilhelm II in February 1890. Caprivi was informed that he was the Kaiser's intended choice should Bismarck prove resistant to Wilhelm's proposed changes to the government, and upon Bismarck's dismissal on March 18, Caprivi became chancellor. Ironically he had said beforehand, "What jackass would dare to succeed Bismarck?"
Caprivi's administration was marked by what is known to historians as the "New Course"[1] in both foreign and domestic policy, with moves towards conciliation of the Social Democrats on the domestic front, and towards a pro-British foreign policy, exemplified by the Zanzibar treaty of July 1890, in which the British ceded the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar. This led to animosity from the colonialist pressure-groups in Germany, while Caprivi's free trading policies led to opposition from conservative agrarian protectionists. The treaty also gave Germany the Caprivi Strip, which was added to German South West Africa, thus linking that territory with the Zambezi River, which he had hoped to use for trade and communications with eastern Africa (the river proved to be unnavigable).
In 1892, following a legislative defeat on an educational bill, Caprivi resigned as Prussian Minister-President and was replaced by Count Botho zu Eulenburg, leading to an untenable division of powers between the Chancellor and the Prussian premier, ultimately leading to the dismissal of both in 1894 and their succession by Prince Chlodwig von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst.
Notes
Regarding personal names: Graf is a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin.
External links
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| Preceded by Otto von Bismarck |
Prime Minister of Prussia 1890 – 1892 |
Succeeded by Count Eulenburg |
| Chancellor of Germany 1890 – 1894 |
Succeeded by Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst |
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 | Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| German Literature Companion. The Oxford Companion to German Literature. Copyright © 1976, 1986, 1997, 2005 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Leo von Caprivi". Read more |
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Mentioned in
- Fürst zu Chlodwig Karl Viktor Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (German statesman)
- Caprivi Strip (region, Namibia)
- William II (emperor of Germany and king of Prussia)
- List of German naval ministers
