- This article is about a district of Vienna. Leopoldstadt is also the German name for the town Leopoldov in Slovakia.
| 2nd District of Vienna | |
|---|---|
| Coat of Arms | Map |
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| Name: | Leopoldstadt |
| Area: | 19.27 km² |
| Population: | 95,238 (as of 2007) |
| Density: | 4,871 people per km² |
| Postal code: | A-1020 |
| Address of District Office: |
Karmelitergasse 9 A-1020 Wien |
| E-Mail: | post@b02.magwien.gv.at |
| Website: http://www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/leopoldstadt/ (German) |
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| Politics | |
| District Director | Gerhard Kubik (SPÖ) |
| First Deputy | Rudolf Kauba (SPÖ) |
| Second Deputy | Adolf Hasch (Green) |
| Representation (60 Members) |
SPÖ 30, Green 12, ÖVP 9,FPÖ 8, KPÖ 1 |
Leopoldstadt ("Leopold-Town") is Vienna's second district. There are 95,238 inhabitants (census 2007) over 19.27 km2 (7 sq mi). It is situated in the heart of the city and, together with Brigittenau (20th district), forms a large island surrounded by the Danube Canal and, to the north, the Danube. It is named after Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (1640–1705). Due to its relatively high percentage of Jewish inhabitants (38.5 per cent in 1923, i.e. before the Holocaust), Leopoldstadt gained the nickname Mazzesinsel ("Matzoh Island"). This context was a significant aspect for the district twinning with the New York City borough Brooklyn in 2007.[1]
Places of interest include the Wiener Prater (from Latin pratum "meadow"), former imperial hunting grounds to which the public was denied access until 1766. The area of the Prater closest to the city centre contains a large amusement park, known as the Volksprater ("People's Prater") or Wurstelprater (after the Harlequin-type figure of Hanswurst), and at its entrance there is the giant Ferris wheel ("Riesenrad") opened in 1897 which features prominently in the movie The Third Man and which has become one of Vienna's trademarks. There is also a miniature steam railway ("Liliputbahn") which, on its track through the woodland parallel to the Hauptallee, passes Vienna's Ernst-Happel-Stadion. The Schweizerhaus ("Swiss Hut"), an establishment boasting a huge beer garden, sells the original Czech Budweiser draught beer. The owners claim that, back in the 1920s, the potato crisp was invented there. Nearby you can find the "Republic of Kugelmugel", a micronation proclaimed in 1984 that became a landmark of the area.
Another, smaller, park in Leopoldstadt is the topiary-type Augarten, which is the home of the Vienna Boys' Choir and of a porcelain manufactory ("Augarten-Porzellan"). Sadly, its distinguishing marks are two disused Flak towers built towards the end of the Second World War. For features of this versatile district not listed here, see the bottom-linked Leopoldstadt Category page.
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Jewish Leopoldstadt
In 1625 Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller became the rabbi of Vienna. Leopoldstadt was then a suburb of Vienna. At the time the Jews of Vienna were scattered throughout the city, not having a central community. Heller obtained for the Jews the rights to establish a central Jewish community in Leopoldstadt. He was instrumental in reorganizing the community and drew up its constitution.
In the mid-17th century, part of the built-up area used to be the Jewish ghetto. The area used to be called "Im Werd", with the Jewish population living in an area called "Unterer Werd". Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor hatred towards them led to the forceful expulsion and destruction of the Jewish community (gesera), with the popular support of the local non-Jewish population. As a thanksgiving to the expulsion, the inhabitants renamed the area after the emperor into Leopoldstadt (city of Leopold). During the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Jewish immigrants from eastern parts of the realm again flocked to Leopoldstadt, since the Nordbahnhof train station brought was in close vicinity and was one of the main train stations bringing in migrants from other parts of the realm. The high number of Jewish inhabitants led to the area being called Mazzesinsel (Island of Mazzes bread). Several important synagogues such as the Schiff Shul, the Leopoldstädter Tempel, Türkischer Tempel, Polnische Schul and Pazmanitentempel and yeshivas were located there.
None of the synagogues escaped the destruction during the Kristallnacht pogroms of November 1938 following the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. The Jewish population was increasingly isolated, terrorised and finally deported and murdered in the concentration camps such as Auschwitz. The once thriving communal life was completely destroyed. Only a handful of survivors were able to hide until the end of the war, from an original population of several thousands.
With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 and renewed immigration from Eastern Europe, especially the former Soviet Union, was the Jewish population able to stabilise itself and new life arose. Today, many members of Vienna's Jewish community live there again, and there are a number of shops selling kosher food. Several parts of the old residential areas have been gentrified, resulting in a gentle shift from Leopoldstadt's predominantly working class population towards a somewhat wealthier clientele.
The new extension of the U2 metro line was opened in May 2008 in time for the UEFA Euro 2008 to connect the city centre with the stadium and will be extended to the outskirts of the city which are situated across the Danube in Donaustadt.
Coat of Arms (Crest)
The arms of the Leopoldstadt district, since the retirement of Brigittenau from the 2nd District, contains three parts, symbolizing the former independent communities:
- Saint Leopold in the upper left part (heraldic: upper right) part, symbolizes the historical Leopoldstadt, the former Lower Werd, the area between Augarten, Taborstraße and the Danube Canal. He is in a blue skirt and a red sheath dress; on his head, he wears the Austrian Herzogshut hat. In his hands, he holds the banner of Erzherzogtums Austria below the Enns, and also a church model that symbolizes the patronage of the parish church.
- The upper right (heraldic: upper left) part of the crest represents the district section Jägerzeile, the area around today's Praterstraße. It shows the silver Hubertusallee deer on a green meadow. The deer wears 12-point golden antlers, with a golden cross standing out in the middle. As a symbol of the hunt, the deer gives the earlier meaning of the Prater and the Danube as a hunting area.
- The lower part of the coat of arms stands for the district section Zwischenbrücken. It shows a red tongue on a blue background, surrounded by a golden halo, which has five gold stars. The emblem symbolizes St. John of Nepomuk, the patron saint of bridges, and stands for the original among several poor Danube and its bridges, the area extending from the Danube 1870-1875 regulators around bridge between rich and extends north bridge (and since 1900 became part of the 20th district).
Arts and culture
- Wiener Prater
- Riesenrad Giant Ferris Wheel
- Lusthaus (Vienna)
- Liliputbahn Prater
- Vienna planetarium
- Prater Museum (Vienna Museum)
- Augarten
- Porcelain Manufacture Augarten
- Vienna Boys' Choir (Wiener Sängerknaben)
- Augarten Contemporary (operated by the Belvedere)
- Gustinus Ambrosi Museum
- Johann Strauss Museum (Vienna Museum)
- Augarten Bridge
- Agricultural products market, today Odeon (see below)
- Leopold Church
- "Mexico Church"
- Tegetthoff Monument
- Vienna Crime Museum
- District Museum Leopoldstadt
Museums
Leopoldstadt is devoted to the museum district, in particular the arts. The focus is on, inter alia, the Theater in Leopoldstadt, the Carl-Theater, the Leopold Städter Theater, the Prater and the Jewish Ghetto. The Museum für Unterhaltungskunst covers the history of clowns, artists and circuses; whereas the Museum des Blindenwesens in his exhibition shows the development of teaching and lessons for the blind and Braille. The Wiener Kriminalmuseum ("Vienna Crime Museum"), connected with the Museum of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate, brings the visitor the history of the judiciary and the police and crime from the late Middle Ages forward.
Two major museums in Vienna have branch offices in Leopoldstadt. The Vienna Museum (formerly the Museum of the City of Vienna) where the Prater Museum (next to the Ferris wheel) allows visits to the home of the "Waltz King" Johann Strauss in the Praterstraße. The Belvedere has also two branch offices in the 2nd District: Augarten Contemporary (contemporary art) and the neighboring Gustinus-Ambrosi Museum. The Augarten porcelain factory is in the foyer of the castle, for regular porcelain.
Theater
See also: Theater in der Leopoldstadt, Carltheater (until 1929)
In the great hall of the former Agricultural Products Exchange (Taborstraße 10), the team of Serapions Ensembles to Erwin Piplits and Ulrike Kaufmann with the assistance of the City Council until 1988, created the "Odeon", a flexible theater recordable space of considerable proportions. Here are the Serapionsensemble and other artists. The name is reminiscent of the 1845 opened, in 1848 spent "Odeon", which was the largest, several thousand people making ballroom of Vienna (4641 square meters of floor space); in the present, in the quarter after the stock market is located.
Outdoor cinema & former cinemas
As a traditional theater district, Leopoldstadt had, in the middle of the 20th Century, numerous cinemas. As a result of the spread of television in Austria from the late 1950s, cinemas began to close in the 1960s, by which the 2nd District was severely affected. By and by, Leopold townspeople cinemas were closed, and now there is no single regular cinema in the district area. Even the UCI opened in 1999, at the Mehrsälekino Lassallestraße, was already closed three years later because of poor attendance.
The former cinemas, in the order of closure, are: [2]
- Stern (Rotensterngasse 7a), –1962
- Adria (Am Tabor 22), –1964
- Diana (Praterstraße 25), –1968
- Luna (Taborstraße 69), –1971
- Planetarium Studio 2 (Oswald Thomas Platz 1, at the Planetarium), –1972
- Augarten (Malzgasse 2), –1973
- Nestroy (Nestroyplatz, im Nestroyhof), –1975
- Wohlmuth (Wohlmuthstraße 15–17), –1979
- Filmpalast (Prater, near Riesenrad), –1981 (abgebrannt); aka Lustspieltheater, Lustspielkino, Leopoldstädter Volkskino und Tegethoff
- Helios (Taborstraße 36), –1983
- Münstedt Kino Palast (Prater), –1984
- Panorama Center 1-3 (Praterstern, in Schnellbahnviadukt), –1993; first Mehrsälekino of Vienna.
- Tabor (Taborstraße 8), –1996
- Prater Nonstop (Prater), –1997; Sexkino
- UCI (Lassallestraße 7a), –2002; 1999 opened as Mehrsälekino
This development is however an increasing demand for outdoor summer cinema, since the early 1990s, before the Vienna City Hall every summer, the Film Festival at the Vienna City Hall Square takes place. In the 2nd District, there are currently four summer open-air cinemas:
- Kino unter Sternen ("Cinema under the stars") - Augarten, beim Flakturm
- Kino wie noch nie ("Cinema as never before") - Augartenspitz, Obere Augartenstraße 1
- Prater Film Festival (Kaiserweise, before the Riesenrad)
- Sommerkino Tribüne Krieau ("Summer movie gallery") - Trabrennplatz Krieau
In Augarten (Obere Augartenstraße 1), the Austrian film archive established here and at the Metro Cinema (1st district) shows historical films and scientific research.
District Partnership
In the year 2007, Brooklyn (borough of New York City) entered into a district partnership with the Viennese district Leopoldstadt.[3]
Notable residents
- Basilio Calafati (1800-1878), magician in Vienna Wurstelprater
- Carl Djerassi
- Brigitte Ederer (1956- ), Austrian politician (SPÖ)
- Bernd Fasching
- Viktor Frankl (1905-1997), Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist
- Sigmund Freud, psychologist
- Bernhard Gál
- Jazz Gitti (1946- ), Austrian musician and singer
- Theodor Herzl
- Andreas Mailath-Pokorny (1959- ), Austrian politician (SPÖ)
- Lise Meitner, scientist
- Johann Nestroy
- Klaus Nüchtern (1961- ), Austrian journalist
- Arnold Schönberg, composer
- Jura Soyfer
- Ursula Stenzel
- Johann Strauss I, composer
- Johann Strauss II, composer
- Hannes Swoboda (1946- ), Austrian politician (SPÖ)
- Billy Wilder (1906-2002), American film director and producer
See also
Gallery
 View of Liliputbahn |
 Liliputbahn1 |
 Liliputbahn2 |
 Church of the Barmherzigen Brüder |
Notes
- ^ Partnership with Brooklyn: scroll down to New York City, then proceed to Brooklyn on the list of sister cities in New York.
- ^ Office for Theatre - in the 2nd cinema District.
- ^ http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/289167/index.do?from=suche.intern.portal
References
- [Parts of this article were translated from German Wikipedia.]
- "Wien - 2. Bezirk/Leopoldstadt", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages): Wien.gv.at-leopoldstadt (in German).
- Ruth Beckermann: Die Mazzesinsel – Juden in der Wiener Leopoldstadt 1918-38 ("Matzoh Island - Jews in the Viennese Leopoldstadt 1918-38"). Löcker Verlag, Vienna 1984, ISBN 978-3854090687.
- Gertrude Brinek (Hg.): Leopoldstadt: Geschichten einer widersprüchlichen Liebe ("Leopoldstadt: Tales of a Contradictory Love"). Science Press, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-900574-13-8.
- Felix Czeike: Wiener Bezirkskulturführer: II. Leopoldstadt ("Viennese District Culture: II. Leopoldstadt"). Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-7141-6225-9
- Werner Hanak, Mechtild Widrich (Hg.): Wien II. Leopoldstadt. Die andere Heimatkunde ("Vienna II. Leopoldstadt: The Other Local Lore"). Brandstätter, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85447-684-1.
- Christine Klusacek, Kurt Wimmer: Leopoldstadt. Eine Insel mitten in der Stadt ("Leopoldstadt: An Island Amidst the City"). Mohl, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-900272-29-8.
External links
Media related to Leopoldstadt at Wikimedia Commons- An entry from the aeiou Encyclopedia (in English)
- Leopoldstadt Online — a private online project (in German)
- Augarten-Porzellan
- Zwi Perez Chajes School — homepage of the Jewish gymnasium
- The Schweizerhaus homepage (includes an English translation)
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Coordinates: 48°12′37″N 16°24′44″E / 48.21028°N 16.41222°E
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