Linlithgow, town (1991 pop. 9,524), West Lothian, central Scotland. Manufactures include paper, whiskey, and computers. Linlithgow Palace, now a ruin, was a seat of Stuart kings and the birthplace of James V and Mary Queen of Scots. Begun in the 15th cent. by James I, it was occupied (1651-59) by Oliver Cromwell and his forces, and burned in 1746. The 1st earl of Murray, regent of Scotland, was murdered there in 1570.