Lipoprotein lipase

Lipoprotein lipase
Identifiers
Symbols	LPL; LIPD
External IDs	OMIM: 238600 MGI: 96820 HomoloGene: 200
Gene ontology Molecular function • lipoprotein lipase activity • lipid transporter activity • heparin binding • hydrolase activity • GPI anchor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • membrane • chylomicron Biological process • fatty acid metabolic process • circulation • lipid catabolic process
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4023	16956
Ensembl	ENSG00000175445	n/a
UniProt	P06858	n/a
RefSeq	NM_000237 (mRNA)	XM_977885 (mRNA)
	NP_000228 (protein)	XP_982979 (protein)
Location	Chr 8: 19.84 - 19.87 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), into two free fatty acids and one monoacylglycerol molecule. It requires Apo-CII as a cofactor. ^[1]

Lipoprotein lipase is specifically found in endothelial cells lining the capillaries.

LPL encodes lipoprotein lipase, which is expressed in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL functions as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Severe mutations that cause LPL deficiency result in type I hyperlipoproteinemia, while less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism.^[2]

Regulation

Insulin is known to induce LPL synthesis in adipocytes and its placement in the capillary endothelium.

LPL has different isozymes in different tissues. The form that is in adipocytes is activated by insulin, whereas that in muscle and myocardium is not. This helps to explain why adipose cells gain fat in a well-fed state.

Pathology

Lipoprotein lipase deficiency leads to hypertriglyceridemia (elevated levels of triglycerides in the bloodstream).^[3]

Diets high in refined carbohydrates have been shown to cause tissue-specific overexpression of LPL: This has been implicated in tissue-specific insulin resistance and consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.^{[citation needed]}

Interactions

Lipoprotein lipase has been shown to interact with LRP1.^[4][5][6]

References

Further reading

External links

• Gene therapy for lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• MeSH Lipoprotein+lipase