American football was introduced to the United Kingdom during the early part of the 20th century by American servicemen stationed in the country. The first recorded match took place on 24 December 1910 at Northfleet, where a team made up of the crew from USS Georgia defeated their counterparts from USS Rhode Island by twelve points to zero.[1][2] During World War II, matches were played by American and Canadian servicemen stationed in the UK at venues throughout the country, including the 'Tea Bowl' game played at the White City Stadium, and this was followed by the creation of the United States Armed Forces Europe (USAFE) league in 1946.[1][2] This league consisted of teams from American military bases throughout Europe, with one of the league's three conferences made up of teams based in the UK. British-based teams won the league championship a total of thirteen times until the competition ceased in 1993.[3][2]
The first truly British teams were established in 1983, and competition began the year after in the form of a series of one-off games.[1][2] The match results were compiled into a 'Merit Table', with teams playing more than three games eligible for the championship—the very first champions were the London Ravens, who won all ten of their matches.[4][2] Hundreds of clubs have been formed since then, playing both full-contact football and flag football at senior, university and youth level. Many of these clubs have since folded, renamed or merged with other local teams, but a few of the older clubs survive today.
The sport is administered by the British American Football Association, with two main bodies of competition; the British American Football League and the British Universities American Football League.
Contents |
British American Football League
The British American Football League (BAFL) was formed as the British Senior League following the merger of two smaller leagues in 1993,[5] and has been the only senior league in the country since the Scottish Gridiron Association folded in 1999.[6] Since 2003, the senior league's membership has climbed steadily and now consists of fifty teams, based in towns ranging from Newquay in the south of England to Inverness in the north of Scotland. These teams are spread across three tiers with promotion and relegation between each level. The bottom two tiers are further divided into regional conferences.[7] The top-ranking teams in each division compete in playoffs culmanating in divisional finals held at the Keepmoat Stadium in Doncaster—the championship game contested by the top Premier Division teams is known as the BritBowl. The 2009 champions are the London Blitz, who defeated the Coventry Jets 33–32 in the final.[8]
In addition to senior level football, the BAFL started running youth football in 2007,[9] and in 2008, the league also incorporated flag football (taking over from the English Senior Flag League).[10] A number of the teams within the BAFL operate teams across two or more of these competitions.
- Key
| * | Team competing in the BAFL's senior contact league (2010 season) |
The British American Football Association defines the age ranges used within the BAFL as follows:[11]
| Designation | Ages |
|---|---|
| Senior | 18 and above (contact and non-contact football) |
| Youth | 16 to 18 (contact football) / 14 to 17 (non-contact football) |
| Junior | 14 to 16 (contact football) / 11 to 14 (non-contact football) |
| Cadet | 7 to 11 (non-contact football only) |
| Team | Location | Years in senior league[12] | 2010 BAFL senior division[13] | 2009 BAFL Flag conference[14] | 2010 BAFL Youth division[13] | 2009 BAFL Junior division[15] | Other teams[16] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdeen Oilcats | Aberdeen | — | — | Scotland | — | — | — |
| Bedfordshire Blue Raiders* | Bedford | 2008– [17] | Division 2 East | — | — | — | — |
| Berkshire Renegades*[nb 1] | Reading | 1985–87, 1989, 2006– [18] | Division 2 South West | — | — | — | — |
| Birmingham Bulls* | Birmingham | 1984– [19] | Division 1 South West | — | Central | — | — |
| Bolton Bulldogs | Bolton | — | — | — | North | — | — |
| Bristol Apache | Bristol | — | Associate | — | — | — | — |
| Bristol Aztecs* | Bristol | 1991– [20] | Premier | — | South & West | — | — |
| Cambridgeshire Cats*[nb 2] | Cambridge | 1985–90, 1992–99, 2002– [21][22] | Division 1 South East | — | East | — | — |
| Carluke Cobras | Carluke | — | — | Scotland | — | — | — |
| Chester Romans* | Chester | 1987– [23] | Division 2 Central | — | — | — | — |
| Chichester Sharks | Chichester | — | — | England/Wales | — | — | — |
| Chorley Buccaneers | Chorley | — | — | — | — | England | Youth Flag, Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Clyde Valley Blackhawks* | Wishaw | 2009– [7] | Division 2 North | — | — | Scotland[nb 3] | — |
| Colchester Gladiators*[nb 4] | Wivenhoe | 1985–95, 2005– [24] | Division 1 South East | — | East | — | — |
| Cornish Sharks* | Newquay | 2007– [25] | Division 2 South West | — | — | — | — |
| Coventry Bears / Coventry Huskies[nb 5] | Coventry | — | — | — | — | — | Youth Flag, Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Coventry Jets*[nb 6] | Coventry | 1991–93, 2004– [26] | Premier | England/Wales | Central | England | — |
| Doncaster Mustangs*[nb 7] | Doncaster | 2003– [27] | Division 1 North | — | — | — | — |
| Dundee Hurricanes* | Dundee | 2003– [28] | Division 1 North | — | — | — | — |
| East Kent Mavericks* | Canterbury | 2006– | Division 1 South East | — | East | — | — |
| East Kilbride Pirates* | Hamilton | 1986– | Division 1 North | — | — | — | — |
| Edinburgh Wolves* | Edinburgh | 2003– | Division 2 North | — | — | Scotland | — |
| Essex Spartans* | Billericay | 1999– | Division 2 East | — | — | — | — |
| Farnham Fast Lane Knights*[nb 8] | Aldershot | 1986– | Premier | — | South & West | — | — |
| Fife Fire | Dunfermline | — | — | — | — | Scotland | — |
| Forth Valley Fusion | Dunfermline | — | — | — | North | — | — |
| Gateshead | 1986– | Division 1 North | — | North | — | — | |
| Glasgow Hornets | Glasgow | — | — | Scotland | — | — | Youth Flag, Junior Flag |
| Glasgow Tigers*[nb 10] | Glasgow | 1986– | Division 2 North | — | — | Scotland | Youth Flag, Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Gloucester Banshees* | Gloucester | 2009– | Division 2 South West | — | — | — | — |
| Grangemouth Broncos | Grangemouth | — | — | Scotland | — | — | — |
| Hampshire Thrashers*[nb 11] | Winchester | 2005– | Division 2 South West | England/Wales | South & West | — | — |
| Highland Wildcats* | Inverness | 2009– | Division 2 Scottish | — | — | Scotland | Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Hull Hornets* | Kingston upon Hull | 2007– | Division 2 Central | — | — | — | — |
| Inverclyde Phoenix | Greenock | — | — | — | — | Scotland | — |
| Ipswich Cardinals* | Ipswich | 1987– | Division 1 South East | — | — | — | — |
| Kent Exiles* | Crockenhill | 1991– | Division 1 South East | England/Wales | East | England | Junior Flag |
| Kirkcaldy Bulls | Kirkcaldy | — | — | Scotland | — | — | — |
| Lancashire Wolverines* | Blackburn | 1988– | Division 2 North | — | North[nb 12] | — | — |
| Lanarkshire Longhorns | Wishaw | — | — | — | North[nb 13][13] | — | — |
| Leicester Eagles | Leicester | — | — | England/Wales | — | — | Youth Flag, Junior Flag |
| Leicester Falcons* | Leicester | 2008– | Division 1 South West | — | Associate | — | — |
| Lincolnshire Bombers* | Sleaford | 2007– | Division 2 East | — | — | — | — |
| London Blitz* | Finsbury Park, London | 1995– | Premier | — | South & West | England | — |
| London Cobras* / London Warriors[nb 14] | Boston Manor, London | 2008– | Premier | — | South & West | — | Junior Flag |
| London Olympians*[nb 15] | Crystal Palace, London | 1984–2007, 2009– | Division 2 East | — | — | — | — |
| London Rebels | Kennington Park, London | — | — | England/Wales | — | — | — |
| Maidstone Pumas* | Maidstone | 1998 | Division 2 East | — | East | — | — |
| Manchester Titans* | Manchester | 2003, 2005– | Division 2 Central | — | North | — | — |
| Merseyside Nighthawks*[nb 16] | Birkenhead | 1986– | Division 1 North | — | — | — | — |
| Milton Keynes City Pathfinders* | Bletchley | 2008– | Division 2 South West | — | — | England | — |
| Norwich Devils* | Norwich | 1986– | Division 2 East | — | — | — | — |
| Nottingham Caesars* | Nottingham | 1995– | Division 1 South West | — | Central | — | — |
| Oxford Saints*[nb 17] | Oxford | 1984– | Division 1 South West | — | — | — | — |
| Peterborough Saxons*[nb 18] | Peterborough | 2002 | Division 1 South East | — | East | — | — |
| Plymouth Admirals* | Plymouth | 1986–2009 | Associate | England/Wales | — | — | — |
| Redditch Arrows* | Redditch | 1987 | Division 1 South West | — | Central | — | — |
| Sheffield Predators | Sheffield | Associate [29] | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sheffield Tomahawks | Sheffield | — | — | — | Central | England | Junior Flag |
| Shropshire Revolution* | Telford | 2007– | Division 2 Central | — | — | — | — |
| South Wales Warriors*[nb 19] | Llanharan | 1996–99, 2001– | Division 1 South West | England/Wales | — | — | — |
| St Albans Kings | St Albans | — | — | England/Wales | — | — | — |
| Staffordshire Surge* | Stoke-on-Trent | 1994– | Division 2 Central | — | — | — | — |
| Standish Raiders | Standish | — | — | — | — | England | Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Studley Bearcats | Studley | — | — | — | — | — | Cadet Flag |
| Sussex Thunder* | Crawley | 1997– | Premier | — | South & West | — | — |
| Tamworth Phoenix* | Tamworth | 2008– | Division 1 South West | — | Central | — | — |
| Watford Cheetahs*[nb 20] | Watford | 1987– | Division 2 South West | — | — | — | — |
| West Coast Trojans* | Renfrew | 2005– | Division 2 North | Scotland | — | — | — |
| Wiltshire Royals | Swindon | — | — | — | South & West | — | — |
| Woodham Warriors | Woodham, County Durham | — | — | — | — | — | Youth Flag, Junior Flag, Cadet Flag |
| Yorkshire Rams*[nb 21] | Leeds | 1987– | Division 1 North | — | North | — | — |
British Universities American Football League
The British Universities American Football League (BUAFL) was formed in 2007 by the BAFA after the organisation that ran its predecessor ceased operations.[30][31] In contrast to the BAFL's tiered system, the league operates on a single tier divided into eight regional conferences, with the top two teams from each group competing in post-season playoffs. The two teams that progress through the playoffs compete in the National Championship Final (formerly the College Bowl) which is traditionally held at the South Leeds Stadium, although the 2010 final is to be played at the Sixfields Stadium in Northampton.[32] The 2009 champions are the Birmingham Lions, who defeated the Newcastle Raiders 42–2 in the final.[33]
Other active teams
The teams listed below are currently active, but are not formally affiliated with any league.
| Team | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bournemouth Bobcats | Bournemouth | Originally formed in 1985 and played in league competition until 1991, winning the Budweiser League in 1987. Reformed in 2009 with a view to join the BAFL as an associate member.[35] |
| Cumbria Mariners | Whitehaven | Formed in September 2006. Joined the BAFL in 2008 as an associate member but were not successful in their application to become a full member. The club is active but has not applied for associate membership for the 2009 season.[36] |
| Gloucestershire Gladiators | Cheltenham | Formed in 2004 as the American football team for the University of Gloucestershire. The club originally applied to join the British Collegiate American Football League for the 2007 season but withdrew shortly before the season began. Currently unaffiliated with the BUAFL, but still remain active by playing friendly matches against other university teams. |
| Guernsey Islanders | Guernsey | Originally competed as the Guernsey Gladiators in senior competition between 1989 and 1992 before folding. Reformed in 2008 as the Guernsey Islanders with a view to enter the BAFL the following year,[37] but were forced to delay their entry due to a funding shortage.[38] |
Former teams
Since the inception of the first British American football league in 1984, over 200 teams have been formed to compete at senior, youth, flag and university level, as well as competing in the fully-professional World League of American Football and NFL Europe. Many of these teams have since folded (usually either due to financial constraints or lack of available players) or merged with other teams to form new teams (some of which still compete today). For brevity, only those teams who achieved some form of notability by winning a conference, divisional or league championship at senior level are listed in the table below. A full list of British and Irish teams is provided via the external links section at the bottom of this page.
- Key
| AAFC | Amateur American Football Conference |
| AFL | American Football League UK |
| AFAI | American Football Association of Ireland |
| BAFA | British American Football Association |
| BAFF | British American Football Federation |
| BAFL | British American Football League |
| BGFL | British Gridiron Football League |
| BNGL | British National Gridiron League |
| BSL | British Senior League |
| BUD | Budweiser League |
| CAFL | Caledonian American Football League |
| CAP | Capital League |
| CGL | Combined Gridiron League |
| FLE | Football League of Europe |
| IAFL | Irish American Football League |
| NCMMA | National Conference Marketing and Management Association League |
| NDMA | National Division Management Association Coca Cola League |
| NFLE | NFL Europe |
| NWWC | North West & Welsh Counties American Football League |
| SGA | Scottish Gridiron Association |
| SWAFL | South Western American Football League |
| THIS | Thistle League |
| UKAFA | UK American Football Association |
| UKAFL | UK American Football League |
| WLAF | World League of American Football |
| Team[39] | Leagues[12] | Conference Titles | Divisional Titles | League Titles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A26 Bulldogs (Antrim) | CGL 1989 | 1 (1989) | — | — |
| Ashton Oilers | BUD 1987–1988 | 1 (1987) | 1 (1987) | — |
| Barnsley Bears | BNGL 1988–1991 | 1 (1990) | 1 (1990) | — |
| Barracudas (Orpington) | BNGL 1990 | 1 (1990) | — | — |
| Basildon Braves | BAFF 1985 BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1991 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Bath Gladiators | UKAFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1993 BAFA 1994 BSL 1996–1997 |
2 (1992, 1993) | — | — |
| Bedford Bombardiers | BNGL 1989–1993 BAFA 1994 |
4 (1989, 1990, 1993, 1994) | — | — |
| Bournemouth Buccaneers | BNGL 1992–1993 BAFA 1994 |
2 (1992, 1993) | — | 1 (1993) |
| Brent Bandits | CAP 1987 BNGL 1988, 1990–1991 CGL 1989 |
1 (1990) | — | — |
| Brighton B-52s | BAFF 1985 BUD 1988–1989 NDMA 1990–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996 |
2 (1985, 1988) | — | — |
| Bristol Packers | BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1991 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Canterbury Vikings[nb 25] | BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1989–1992 |
2 (1991, 1992) | — | — |
| Cardiff Mets | UKAFL 1987 BNGL 1988, 1990 CGL 1990 NDMA 1991–1993 |
4 (1987, 1988, 1990, 1991) | — | — |
| Cardiff Tigers[nb 26] | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1991 |
1 (1986, 1988) | — | — |
| Carterton Wildcats | BNGL 1990–1993 BAFL 1994 BAFA 1995 BSL 1996–1997 |
1 (1991) | — | — |
| Charnwood Beacons | UKAFL 1987–1988 BNGL 1989–1993 |
1 (1987, 1989) | — | — |
| Chelmsford Cherokee[nb 27][24] | BUD 1986–1989 NDMA 1990 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Cheltenham Chieftains | UKAFL 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1991 |
1 (1989) | 1 (1989) | — |
| Cheshire Cats[nb 28] | NWWC 1987 BNGL 1988–1989 |
2 (1987, 1989) | — | 1 (1987) |
| Clydesdale Colts | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 SGA 1995 |
4 (1987, 1990, 1991, 1992) | — | 1 (1992) |
| Cotswold Bears | BUD 1986–1987 | 1 (1987) | — | — |
| Coventry Bears[nb 29][nb 30] | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Crawley Raiders | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 BNGL 1991–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 |
2 (1994, 1995) | — | — |
| Crewe Railroaders | UKAFA 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987 BNGL 1988–1990 |
2 (1985, 1988) | — | — |
| Croydon Kings | BNGL 1993 | 1 (1993) | — | — |
| Cumbria Cougars | BNGL 1990–1992 | 1 (1990) | — | — |
| Dublin Celts | IAFL 1987–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 AFAI 1991–1993 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Duchy Destroyers[nb 31] | BUD 1986–1987 BNGL 1989–1994 |
3 (1989, 1990, 1991) | 1 (1990) | — |
| Dundee Whalers | THIS 1987 BUD 1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 SGA 1995–1998 |
1 (1995) | — | 1 (1987) |
| Dunstable Cowboys | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Ealing Eagles[nb 32] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1991–1993 |
2 (1987, 1992) | — | — |
| East Kent Cougars | BGFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1990 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Edinburgh Eagles | AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 BNGL 1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Enfield Bullets | CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1992) | — | — |
| Essex Buccaneers | CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 |
1 (1990) | — | — |
| F14 Tomcats (Oxford) | CAP 1987 BNGL 1988–1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1990) | — | — |
| Fife 49ers | THIS 1987 BUD 1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 SGA 1995–1996 |
1 (1994) | — | — |
| Forth Valley Generals | CAFL 1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Furness Phantoms | BNGL 1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Fylde Falcons[nb 33] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1992 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Glasgow Cyclones | BNGL 1990–1991 | 1 (1991) | 1 (1991) | — |
| Glasgow Diamonds | AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CAFL 1988 |
1 (1988) BUD | — | — |
| Glasgow Lions | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 SGA 1995–1996 |
5 (1986, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996) | 1 (1992) | 2 (1995, 1996) |
| Granite City Oilers | BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 BNGL 1991–1993 BAFA 1994 SGA 1995 |
2 (1989, 1993) | — | — |
| Gwent Mustangs[nb 34] | UKAFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1997 |
1 (1995) | — | — |
| Halton Demons | BUD 1986–1987 BNGL 1988–1990 |
1 (1990) | — | — |
| Hampshire Cavaliers[nb 35] | BAFF 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 |
2 (1988, 1990) | — | — |
| Harrogate Hawks[nb 36] | UKAFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1993 BAFA 1994 |
3 (1987, 1988, 1990) | — | — |
| Hartlepool Steelers | BGFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1989 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Heathrow Jets | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 |
2 (1988, 1989) | — | — |
| Hereford Chargers | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1989–1993 |
2 (1989, 1993) | — | — |
| Herts Phantoms | BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990 |
1 (1988) | 1 (1988) | — |
| Horsham Predators | BNGL 1988–1993 | 1 (1991) | — | — |
| Inverclyde Crusaders[nb 37] | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CAFL 1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Invicta Eagles[nb 38] | BNGL 1989–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1997 |
1 (1995) | — | — |
| Kingston Thames Pirates | BNGL 1989–1990 | 2 (1989, 1990) | 1 (1989) | — |
| KL Rebels | CGL 1989 BNGL 1990 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| LA Panthers | CAP 1987 BNGL 1988–1991 |
3 (1987, 1988, 1991) | — | 1 (1987) |
| Leeds Cougars | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Leicester Huntsmen | BGFL 1987 BNGL 1988, 1991–1993 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1998 |
2 (1987, 1997) | — | — |
| Leicester Panthers | AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987 BSL 1996 |
3 (1985, 1987, 1996) | — | 1 (1996) |
| Lincoln Saints | BNGL 1992–1993 | 1 (1993) | 1 (1993) | — |
| Locomotive Derby | AAFC 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 |
1 (1985) | — | 1 (1985) |
| London Barons | BNGL 1990–1991 | 1 (1991) | — | — |
| London Capitals[nb 39] | BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 BNGL 1991–1992 |
3 (1986, 1990, 1991) | — | 2 (1990, 1991) |
| London Mets | BAFF 1985–1986 CAP 1987 BGFL 1988 BNGL 1989–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–2003 |
2 (1998, 1999) | — | — |
| London Monarchs[nb 40] | WLAF 1991–1992, 1995–1998 | 1 (1991) | — | 1 (1991) |
| London Ravens | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1989 NDMA 1990–1991 |
4 (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988) | — | 3 (1985, 1986, 1987) |
| Luton Flyers | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 |
2 (1986, 1987) | — | — |
| Manchester Allstars | AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1989 NDMA 1990 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| Manchester Spartans[nb 41] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1992 FLE 1993–1995 |
5 (1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990) | — | 2 (1989, 1990) |
| Mancunian Colts | BNGL 1991–1992 | 1 (1992) | — | — |
| Medway Mustangs[nb 42] | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990 NDMA 1991–1993 |
2 (1989, 1992) | 1 (1989) | — |
| Merseyside Centurions | BGFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1991 |
3 (1987, 1988, 1991) | — | 1 (1987) |
| Merton Admirals | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Meyrick Marauders | CGL 1989 | 1 (1989) | — | — |
| Milton Keynes Bucks | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Milton Keynes Pioneers | BUD 1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 NDMA 1991–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1997 |
4 (1988, 1994, 1996, 1997) | 1 (1994) | — |
| Musselburgh Magnums | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Newmarket Hornets | BAFF 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987 BNGL 1988–1989, 1991–1993 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Newton GWs | BUD 1987 SWAFL 1988–1989 |
— | — | 1 (1989) |
| North Sea Hurricanes | BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1993) | — | — |
| Northants Stormbringers[nb 43] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1989 NDMA 1990–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1997 |
2 (1989, 1990) | — | — |
| Nottingham Crusaders | BNGL 1988-1993 | 2 (1990, 1992) | — | — |
| Nottingham Hoods | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1989 NDMA 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1992) | — | — |
| Oxford Bulldogs | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 |
1 (1985) | — | — |
| Peterborough Hustlers | BNGL 1988–1991 | 1 (1988) | — | — |
| Prestatyn Panthers | NWWCFL 1987 BNGL 1988 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Preston Pirates | BGFL 1987 BNGL 1988–1990 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Redbridge Fire[nb 44] | BNGL 1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1998 |
2 (1993, 1994) | 1 (1997) | — |
| Rockingham Rebels | BAFF 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 BNGL 1991–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 |
2 (1985, 1992) | — | 1 (1985) |
| Rugby Rollers | UKAFL 1987 BNGL 1989–1990 |
— | 1 (1989) | — |
| Scottish Claymores | WLAF 1995–1997 NFLE 1998-2002 |
— | 1 (1996) | 1 (1996) |
| Scunthorpe Steelers | AAFC 1985–1985 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 |
2 (1986, 1990) | — | 1 (1986) |
| Slough Silverbacks | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1987 |
1 (1985) | — | 1 (1985) |
| Solent Scorpions. | BUD 1988 CGL 1989 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| South Coast Sharks | BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1989–1990 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| South Lincs Blitz[nb 45] | BNGL 1987–1989 | 1 (1989) | — | — |
| Southern Sundevils[nb 46] | BAFA 1995 BSL 1996–2004 BAFL 2005–2008 |
2 (1998, 2004) | 2 (1998, 2004) | — |
| Southwest Cyclones | BNGL 1991 | 1 (1991) | — | — |
| St Albans Kestrels | CAP 1987 BNGL 1988 CGL 1989 |
2 (1987, 1988) | — | — |
| St Helens Cardinals | AAFC 1985–1986 UKAFL 1987 BUD 1988 BNGL 1989–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–1998 |
1 (1987) | — | 1 (1987) |
| Steel City Giants | AAFC 1986 BUD 1987–1988 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Stockport Falcons | BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1989–1992 |
1 (1988) | — | — |
| Stourbridge Pumas | UKAFL 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1992 |
1 (1991) | — | — |
| Surrey Thunderbolts | UKAFA 1985 BAFL 1986 |
1 (1985) | — | — |
| Sutton Coldfield Royals | BNGL 1989–1991 | 1 (1991) | — | — |
| Swansea Dragons | BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Swindon Steelers | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1985) | — | — |
| Tamworth Trojans | UKAFL 1987–1988 BNGL 1989–1990 |
1 (1988) | — | 1 (1988) |
| Thames Valley Chargers[nb 47] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BUD 1986–1989 NDMA 1991–1994 |
2 (1986, 1993) | — | — |
| Tiptree Titans | BNGL 1992–1993 BAFA 1994–1995 |
2 (1992, 1993) | 2 (1992, 1993) | — |
| Torbay Trojans | Merit Table 1984 UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1987 SWAFL 1988 BNGL 1989–1993 BSL 1997–1998 |
1 (1989) | — | 1 (1988) |
| Trafford Falcons | BNGL 1993 BAFA 1994 |
1 (1993) | — | — |
| Trent Valley Warriors | BAFA 1994–1995 | 1 (1994) | — | — |
| Walsall Titans[nb 30] | Merit Table 1984 AFL 1985 BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 CGL 1989 NCMMA 1990 |
3 (1988, 1989, 1990) | — | 1 (1989) |
| Warrington Scorpions | BUD 1987–1988 BNGL 1989–1990 |
1 (1989) | — | — |
| Washington Grays | CGL 1989 BNGL 1990–1992 |
1 (1991) | — | — |
| Washington Presidents | BUD 1986–1988 | 1 (1987) | — | — |
| West Bromwich Fireballs | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 |
1 (1987) | — | — |
| West Bromwich Vipers[nb 48] | BNGL 1993 BAFA 1994–1995 BSL 1996–2000 |
1 (1997) | — | — |
| Wight Rhinos | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1990–1993 |
1 (1992) | — | — |
| Winchester Rifles | BAFA 1995 BSL 1996 |
1 (1996) | 1 (1996) | — |
| Wirral Wolves | AAFC 1986 BUD 1987 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Witney Wildcats | BAFL 1986 BUD 1987–1988 BNGL 1989 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
| Woking Generals[nb 32] | BNGL 1988–1993 | 1 (1988) | — | 1 (1988) |
| Wolverhampton Outlaws | BUD 1986–1988 BNGL 1989–1992 |
1 (1991) | — | — |
| Wrekin Giants[nb 49] | UKAFA 1985 BUD 1986–1988 CGL 1989 BNGL 1990 |
1 (1986) | — | — |
Notes
- ^ The Berkshire Renegades competed as the Reading Renegades between 1985 and 2008.
- ^ The Cambridgeshire Cats competed as the RAF Wynton Eagles in 1984, the Cambridge County Cats between 1985 and 1988, the Cambridge Crunchers in 1989, the Cambridge Wildcats in 1990, and the Cambridge Cats between 1993 and 1998.
- ^ Clyde Valley Blackhawks' junior team compete as the Clyde Valley Falcons.
- ^ The Colchester Gladiators competed as the Essex Gladiators between 1991 and 1992.
- ^ In addition to their two boys Junior Flag teams, the Coventry Bears also run a girls' junior flag team known as the Coventry Huskies.
- ^ The Coventry Jets competed as the Coventry Jaguars between 1991 and 2004.
- ^ The Doncaster Mustangs competed as the South Yorkshire Mustangs in 2008.
- ^ The Farnham Knights competed as the Southern Seminoles between 1994 and 1996, the PA Knights between 1997 and 2006, and the Farnham MA Knights in 2007.
- ^ The Gatehead Senators competed as the Newcastle Senators between 1986 and 1988.
- ^ The Glasgow Tigers competed as the Strathclyde Sheriffs between 1984 and 2001.
- ^ The Hampshire Thrashers competed as the Andover Thrashers between 2004 and 2007.
- ^ Lancashire Wolverines' youth team compete as the Lancashire Wolverines Colts.
- ^ Lanarkshire Longhorns was formed by a merger of the youth teams from the Clyde Valley Blackhawks and Glasgow Tigers
- ^ London Cobras' youth and junior teams compete as the London Warriors.
- ^ The London Olympians competed as the Streatham Olympians in 1984 and 1985, and the London O's between 1995 and 2005.
- ^ The Merseyside Nighthawks competed as the Spital 69ers between 1986 and 1988, and the Birkenhead Nighthawks between 1989 and 1991.
- ^ The Oxford Saints competed as the Oxford Eagles in 1984, and the Oxford Bulldogs between 1984 and 1990.
- ^ The Peterborough Saxons competed as the East Midland Saxons between 2002 and 2007.
- ^ The South Wales Warriors competed as the Tiger Bay Warriors between 1993 and 1999.
- ^ The Watford Cheetahs competed as the Chiltern Cheetahs between 1987 and 2007.
- ^ The Yorkshire Rams competed as the Yorvik Vikings in 1988, and the York Vikings between 1989 and 1990.
- ^ The Leicester Longhorns competed as the Leicester Lemmings between 1986 and 2002, and as the Leicester Lightning between 2002 and 2006.
- ^ The Royal Holloway Bears competed as the Royal Holloway Vikings between 2005 and 2008.
- ^ The UCH Sharks competed as the Hull Sharks between 1985 and 2001.
- ^ The Canterbury Vikings competed as the Thanet Vikings between 1986 and 1989, and as the Folkestone Vikings in 1992.
- ^ The Cardiff Tigers competed as the Capital Tigers in 1988.
- ^ The Chelmsford Cherokee merged with the Colchester Gladiators in 1990 to form Essex Gladiators.
- ^ The Cheshire Cats merged with the Birkenhead Nighthawks in 1990 to form the Merseyside Nighthawks.
- ^ The Coventry Bears competed as the CMK Bucks in 1987 after merging with the Milton Keynes Bucks.
- ^ a b The Coventry Bears and the Walsall Titans merged in 1990 to form the Coventry Jaguars (currently competing as the Coventry Cassidy Jets).
- ^ The Duchy Destroyers competed as the Great Western Oilers between 1991 and 1993 before reverting to their previous name in 1994.
- ^ a b The Ealing Eagles and the Woking Generals merged in 1994 to form the Hayes Generals (currently competing as the London Blitz).
- ^ The Fylde Falcons competed as the Blackpool Falcons in 1991 and 1992.
- ^ The Gwent Mustangs competed as the Newport Mustangs between 1986 and 1989.
- ^ The Hampshire Cavaliers competed as the Basingstoke Cavaliers between 1985 and 1987.
- ^ The Harrogate Hawks competed as the North Yorkshire Hawks in 1992 and 1993.
- ^ The Inverclyde Crusaders competed as the Johnstone Crusaders in 1986 and 1987.
- ^ The Invicta Eagles competed as the Maidstone M-20s in 1989.
- ^ The London Capitals competed as the City of London Capitals in 1988.
- ^ The London Monarchs competed as the England Monarchs in 1998.
- ^ The Manchester Spartans competed as the Northwich Spartans in 1983, and as the Great Britain Spartans between 1993 and 1995.
- ^ The Medway Mustangs competed as the Kent Mustangs in 1992 and 1993 after merging with the London Barons.
- ^ The Northants Stormbringers competed as the Storm Bombardiers in 1995 after merging with Bedford Bombardiers before reverting to their previous name in 1996.
- ^ The Redbridge Fire merged with the Essex Chiefs in 1999 to form the Essex Spartans.
- ^ The South Lincs Blitz competed as the Boston Blitz in 1987, then merged with the Kings Lynn Patriots in 1990 to form the North Sea Hurricanes.
- ^ The Southern Sundevils competed as the Eastleigh Royals between 1988 and 1992.
- ^ The Thames Valley Chargers competed as Thames Valley Aces in 1994.
- ^ The West Bromwich Vipers competed as the Wolverhampton Vipers between 1998 and 2000.
- ^ The Wrekin Giants competed as the Cannock Chase Giants in 1989 and 1990.
References
- ^ a b c "History of the Game in the UK - Early 20th century -1987 season". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Years/1983to1987.html. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ a b c d e Richards, Nick (March 2009). Touchdown: UK. Milton Keynes: AuthorHouse. ISBN 9781438929316.
- ^ "Military Football in the UK". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Military%20football.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^ "All Time British American Football Tables - 1984". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Tables/1984TABLES.xls. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
- ^ "History of British American Football 1991 to 1993". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Years/1991to1993.html. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ "History of British American Football 1998 to 2000". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Years/1998to2000.html. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ a b "Adult & Youth Contact Alignments". British American Football League. 2009-01-19. http://www.bafl.org.uk/artman2/publish/league/Adult_Youth_Contact_Alignments.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
- ^ Ferdinand, Dan (10 October 2009). "BAFL: Premier Final". Daily Mirror. http://blogs.mirror.co.uk/fourth-down/2009/10/bafl-premier-final-1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "BAFA updates WSP". British American Football Association. 2008-05-12. http://www.bafa.org.uk/artman2/publish/bafa/BAFA_updates_WSP.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
- ^ "BAFL to deliver British Flag Association for Adults". British American Football Association. 2007-07-23. http://www.bafa.org.uk/artman2/publish/bafa/BAFL_to_deliver_British_Flag_Association_for_Adults.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ "BYAFA (British Youth American Football Association)". British American Football Association. http://www.bafa.org.uk/byafa.php. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
- ^ a b c "Alltime British American Football Tables 1984 to present day". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Tables.html. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
- ^ a b c "Teamlink Issue 4/09". British American Football League. 2009-12-10. http://www.bafl.org.uk/bafldocs/Teamlink409.pdfp. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ "BAFL current standings - adult flag league". British American Football League. http://www.bafl.org.uk/standings.asp?division=AF. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
- ^ "BAFL confirm Junior Contact teams for 2009 season". British American Football League. 2009-03-25. http://www.bafl.org.uk/artman2/publish/BAFLJuniorContact/BAFL_confirm_Junior_Contact_teams_for_2009_season.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
- ^ "Official Website of the British American Football League". British American Football League. http://www.bafl.org.uk/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
- ^ Wallis, Chris (24 November 2007). "Today is a blue day!". Bedfordshire Blue Raiders. http://www.bedfordshireblueraiders.com/news.aspx?StoryID=43. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "Berkshire Renegades: About Us". Berkshire Renegades. http://www.renegadesafc.com/aboutus.php. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "Bulls Team Honours". Birmingham Bull. http://www.birminghambulls.org/Pages/BullsTeamHonours.html. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "Bristol Aztecs Adult Team: History". Bristol Aztecs. http://www.bristolaztecs.co.uk/senior/history.html. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "Cambridge Cats: Team History". Cambridge Cats. Archived from the original on 20 March 2003. http://web.archive.org/web/20030320085039/http://www.cambridge-cats.co.uk/. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "A Brief History Of The Cambridgeshire Cats". Cambridgeshire Cats. http://www.cambridgeshirecats.com/history.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ "Team Information: Chester Romans". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Britball%20Teams/ChesterRomans.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ a b "Senior Team (Colchester Gladiators American Football Club in Essex)". Colchester Gladiators. http://www.colchestergladiators.org.uk/index.php?pageId=121. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "History of the Cornish Sharks". Cornish Sharks. http://www.cornishsharks.co.uk/historypage.html. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "Bears n Bucks Facts & Figures". http://www.johnprice.name/bears/bears_v3_007.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "Doncaster Mustangs History". Doncaster Mustangs. http://www.doncastermustangs.com/history.html. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "Dundee Hurricanes: About Us". Dundee Hurricanes. http://www.dundeehurricanes.com/About/tabid/73/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "The home of the Sheffield Predators". Sheffield Predators American football club. http://sheffieldpredators.com/. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ "BSAFA Operations Suspended". British American Football Association. 2007-07-25. http://www.bafa.org.uk/artman2/publish/bcafl/BSAFA_Operations_Suspended.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ "BAFA Launches BUAFL". British American Football Association. 2007-07-25. http://www.bafa.org.uk/artman2/publish/buafl/BAFA_Launches_BUAFL.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ "SIXFIELDS TO STAGE UNIVERSITIES AMERICAN FOOTBALL LEAGUE FINAL". Northampton Town F.C.. 16 December 2009. http://www.ntfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10425~1905636,00.html. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
- ^ Ferdinand, Dan (2009-04-08). "BUAFL National Chamionship Final: Lions 42 - 2 Raiders". Daily Mirror. http://blogs.mirror.co.uk/fourth-down/2009/04/buafl-national-chamionship-fin-3.html. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ "2009-2010 Fixtures and Provisional Dates". British Universities American Football League. http://www.buafl.net/downloads/2009-2010%20Fixtures%20-%20Provisional%20Dates.xls. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ "Bournemouth Bobcats". Bournemouth Bobcats American Football Club. http://bobcats.org.uk/. Retrieved 04 December 2009.
- ^ "Cumbria Mariners: More About Us". Cumbria Mariners American football club. http://www.cumbriamariners.co.uk/Site/More.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ "Gladiators revival stays on track". BBC Sport. 5 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/american_football/7542360.stm. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "American Football return delayed". BBC Sport. 13 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/american_football/8199298.stm. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ "Alltime British American Football Complete List of Teams". Britball Now. http://www.britballnow.co.uk/History/Complete.html. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
External links
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)




