Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:
Essence of finance
The term finance may incorporate any of the following:
- The study of money and other assets
- The management and control of those assets
- Profiling and managing project risks
- As a verb, "to finance" is to provide funds for business.
Branches of finance
Fundamental financial concepts
- Finance an overview
- Arbitrage
- Capital (economics)
- Capital asset pricing model
- Cash flow
- Cash flow matching
- Debt
- Discounted cash flow
- Financial capital
- Financial modeling
- Entrepreneur
- Fixed income analysis
- Gap financing
- Hedge
- Interest rate
- Short rate model
- Interest
- Investment
- Leverage
- Locked-in value
- Long (finance)
- Liquidity
- Margin (finance)
- Mark to future
- Mark to market
- Market Impact
- Medium of exchange
- Microcredit
- Money creation
- Money
- Portfolio
- Reference rate
- Return
- Right-financing
- Risk
- Scenario analysis
- Short (finance)
- Speculation
- Position trader
- Spread
- Standard of deferred payment
- Store of value
- Time horizon
- Time value of money
- Unit of account
- Volatility
- Yield
- Yield curve
History of finance
- Tulip mania 1620s/1630s
- South Sea Bubble & Mississipi Company 1710s; see also Stock market bubble
- Panic of 1837
- Railway mania 1840s
- Erie War 1860s
- Long Depression 1873 to 1896
- Post-WWI hyperinflation; see Hyperinflation and Inflation in the Weimar Republic
- Wall Street Crash 1929
- Great Depression 1930s
- Oil Shock 1973
- 1979 energy crisis
- Notable Bankrupts
- Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s
- Black Monday 1987
- Asian financial crisis 1990s
- Dot-com bubble 1995-2001
- Stock market downturn of 2002
- United States housing bubble 2001-
Finance terms, by field
Accounting (financial record keeping)
- Main articles: Accounting and List of accounting topics
- Auditing
- Accounting software
- Book keeping
- FASB
- Financial accountancy
- Management accounting
- Philosophy of Accounting
- Working capital
Banking
Corporate finance
Main article: Corporate finance
- Balance sheet analysis
- Business plan
- Capital budgeting
- Corporate action
- Managerial finance
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Real options
- Return on investment
- Working capital management
Investment management
- Fund management
- Visualization of Financial Implications
Personal finance
Main article: Personal finance
- 529 plan (college savings)
- Budget
- Coverdell Education Savings Account (Coverdell ESAs, formerly known as Education IRAs)
- Credit and debt
- Debit card
- Direct deposit
- Employment contract
- Financial literacy
- Insurance
- Predatory lending
- Retirement plan
- 401(a)
- 401(k)
- 403(b)
- 457 plan
- Keogh plan
- Individual Retirement Account
- Roth IRA
- Traditional IRA
- SEP IRA
- SIMPLE IRA
- Conduit IRA
- Pension
- Social security
- Tax advantage
- Wealth
- Comparison of accounting software
- Personal financial management
- Comparison of personal financial management online tools
- Investment club
- Collective investment scheme
- Car financing
Public finance
Main article: Public finance
- Central bank
- Federal Reserve
- Fractional-reserve banking
- Tax
- crowding out
- Industrial policy
- Agricultural policy
- Currency union
- Monetary reform
Insurance
Main article: Insurance
- Actuarial science
- Annuities
- Catastrophe modeling
- Earthquake loss
- Extended coverage
- Insurable interest
- Insurable risk
- Insurance
- Health insurance
- Life insurance
- Property insurance
- Casualty insurance
- Business continuation insurance
- Fidelity bond
- Liability insurance
- Personal umbrella liability policy
- Commercial general liability policy
- Political risk insurance
- Surety bond
- Terrorism insurance
- Credit insurance
- Reinsurance
- Self insurance
- Travel insurance
- Insurance contract
- Risk Retention Group
Economics and finance
Mathematics and finance
Time value of money
Main article: Time value of money
Financial mathematics
Main article: Financial mathematics
Mathematical tools
- Expected value
- Value at risk
- CVaR
- Cash at risk
- Risk-neutral measure
Derivatives pricing
- Main article: Derivatives pricing
- Options (and Real options)
- Interest rate derivatives
- Short-rate models (used in pricing bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives)
- Rendleman-Bartter model
- Vasicek model
- Ho-Lee model
- Hull-White model
- Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model
- Black-Karasinski model
- Black-Derman-Toy model
- Longstaff-Schwartz model
- Chen model
- Short-rate models (used in pricing bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives)
Constraint finance
- Creditary economics
- Environmental finance
- Feminist economics
- Green economics
- Islamic economics
- Uneconomic growth
- Value of Earth
- Value of life
Virtual finance
Financial markets
Market and instruments
- Capital markets
- Securities
- Financial markets
- Primary market
- Initial public offering
- Aftermarket
- Free market
- Bull market
- Bear market
- Bear market rally
- Market maker
- Dow Jones Industrial Average
- Nasdaq
- List of stock exchanges
- List of stock market indices
- List of corporations by market capitalization
Equity market
Main article: Equity market
- Stock market
- Stock
- Common stock
- Preferred stock
- Treasury stock
- Equity investment
- Index investing
- Private Equity
- Financial reports and statements
- Fundamental analysis
- Dividend
- Dividend yield
- Stock split
Equity valuation
Main article: Equity valuation
- Dow Theory
- Elliott Wave Theory
- Economic value added
- Fibonacci retracement
- Gordon model
- Growth stock
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Leveraged buyout
- Takeover
- Corporate raid
- PE ratio
- Market capitalization
- Income per share
- Stock valuation
- Technical analysis
- Chart patterns
- V-trend
Investment theory
Main article: Investment theory
- Behavioral finance
- Dead cat bounce
- Efficient market hypothesis
- Market microstructure
- Stock market crash
- Stock market bubble
- January effect
- Mark Twain effect
- Quantitative behavioral finance
- Quantitative analyst
- Statistical arbitrage
Bond market
Main article: Bond market
- Bond (finance)
- Zero-coupon bond
- Junk bonds
- Convertible bond
- Accrual bond
- Municipal bond
- Sovereign bond
- Bond valuation
- Fixed income
Money market
Main article: Money market
- Repurchase agreement
- International Money Market
- Currency
- Exchange rate
- International currency codes
- Table of historical exchange rates
Commodity market
Main article: Commodity market
- Commodity
- Asset
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Day trading
- Drawdowns
- Forfaiting
- Fundamental analysis
- Futures contract
- Fungibility
- Gold as an investment
- Hedging
- Jesse Lauriston Livermore
- List of traded commodities
- MACD
- Ownership equity
- Position trader
- Risk (Futures)
- Seasonal traders
- Seasonal spread trading
- Slippage
- Speculation
- Spread
- Technical analysis
- Trade
- Trend
Derivatives market
Main article: Derivatives market
- Derivative (finance)
- (see also Financial mathematics topics; Derivatives pricing)
- Underlying instrument
Forward markets and contracts
Main article: Forward market
Futures markets and contracts
Main article: Futures market
- Backwardation
- Contango
- Futures contract
- Currency futures
- Financial futures
- Interest rate futures
- Futures exchange
Option markets and contracts
Main article: Option market
- Options
- Stock option
- Warrants
- Foreign exchange option
- Interest rate options
- Bond options
- Real options
- Options on futures
Swap markets and contracts
Main article: Swap market
- see: w:Swap (finance)
Derivative markets by underlyings
Equity derivatives
Main article: Equity derivative
- Accelerated Market Participation Securities (AMPS)
- Accelerated Return Equity Securities (ARES)
- Asset Return Obligation Securities (ASTROS)
- Automatic Common Exchange Securities (ACES)
- Basket Adjusting Structured Equity Securities (BASES)
- Basket Opportunity Exchangeable Securities (BOXES)
- Bifurcated Option Note Unit Securities (BONUSES)
- Broad Index Guarded Equity-Linked Securities (BRIDGES)
- Canadian Originated Preferred Securities (COPrS)
- Closed-end fund
- Commodity-Indexed Preferred Securities (ComPS)
- Common-Linked Higher Income Participation Securities (CHIPS)
- Common stock
- Convertible Contingent Debt Securities (CODES)
- Corporate-Backed Trust Securities (CorTS)
- Corporate Obligation Basket Listed Trust Securities (COBALTS)
- Currency Protected Notes (CPNS), (SPNS)
- Currency Protected Securities (CPS)
- Customized Upside Basket Securities (CUBS)
- Debt Exchangeable for Common Stock (DECS)
- Equity Growth Long-Term Strategy (EGLS)
- Enhanced Equity-Linked Debt Securities (ELKS)
- Enhanced Income Securities (EISs)
- Enhanced Stock Index Growth Notes (E-SIGNS)
- Equity Providing Preferred Income Convertible Securities (EPPICS)
- Exchange Preferred Income Cumulative Shares (EPICS)
- Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
- Exchangeable Capital Units (ExCaps)
- Foreign Currency Return Notes (FORENS)
- Global Bond Linked Securities (GLOBELS)
- Hybrid Income Securities Units (HITS)
- Income Deposit Securities (IDS)
- Inverse exchange-traded fund
- Leading Stockmarket Return Securities (LASERS)
- Leveraged Upside Indexed Accelerated Return Securities (LUNARS)
- Liquid Yield Option Notes (Zero Cupon) (LYONS)
- Mandatorily Exchangeable Debt Securities MEDS)
- Mandatory Adjustable Redeemable Convertible Securities (MARCS)
- Market Index Target Term Securities (MITTS)
- Market Participation Securities (MPS)
- Medium Term Equity Related Investment Securities (MERITS)
- Monthly Income Debt Securities (MIDS)
- Monthly Income Preferred Securities (MIPS)
- Participating Index Notes (PINS)
- Performance Equity-Linked Redemption Quarterly Pay Securities (PERQS)
- Performance Equity-Return Linked Securities (PERKS)
- Performance Leveraged Upside Securities (PLUS)
- Principal Accruing Enhanced Return Securities (PACERS)
- Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stock (PERCS)
- Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Shares (PIERS)
- Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities (PRIDES)
- Preferred stock
- Premium Equity Participating Securities (PEPS)
- Premium Income Equity Securities (PIES)
- Protected Exchangeable Equity-Linked Securities (PEEQS)
- Protected Growth Securities (ProGroS)
- Protected Performance Equity Linked Securities (PROPELS)
- Public Credit & Repackaged Securities (PCARS)
- Public Income Notes (PINES)
- Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities (PARRS)
- Quarterly Income Capital Securities (QUICS)
- Quarterly Income Debt Securities (QUIDS)
- Quarterly Income Preferred Securities (QUIPS)
- Quarterly Interest Bond (QUIB)
- Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
- Reset Put Securities (REPS)
- Return Enhanced Convertible Securities (RECONS)
- Rights
- Risk Adjusting Equity Range Securities (RANGERS)
- Secure Principal Energy Receipts (SPERS)
- Select Equity Indexed Notes (SEQUINS)
- Senior Quarterly Income Debt Securities (SQUIDS)
- Shared Preference Redeemable Securities (SpuRS)
- Shares of Beneficial Interest (SBI)
- Step-Up Increasing Redeemable Equity Notes (SIRENS)
- Step-Up REIT Securities (StREITs)
- Stock Appreciation Income-Linked Securities (SAILS)
- Stock market Annual Reset Term (Notes) (SMART)
- Stock Participation Accreting Redemption Quarterly-pay Securities (SPARQS)
- Stock Return Income Debt Securities (STRIDES)
- Stock Upside Note Securities (SUNS)
- Structured Asset Trust Unit Repackaging (SATURNS)
- Structured Repackaged Asset-Backed Trust Securities (STRATS)
- Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Common Stock (STRYPES)
- Subordinated Capital Income Securities (SKIS)
- Target Return Investment Growth Securities (TRIGGERS)
- Targeted Efficient Equity Securities (TEES)
- Targeted Growth Enhanced Terms Securities (TARGETS)
- Term Convertible Securities (TECONS)
- Threshold Appreciation Price Securities (TAPS)
- Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES)
- Trust Certificate (TRUC)
- Trust Investment Enhanced Return Securities (TIERS)
- Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES)
- Trust Originated Preferred Securities (TOPrS)
- Trust Preferred Stock (TruPs)
- Trust Units Exchangeable for Preference Shares (TrUEPrS)
- Warrants
- Warrants & Income Redeemable Equity Securities (WIRES)
- Yield Enhanced Equity-Linked Debt Securities (YEELDS)
- Yield Enhanced Stock (YES)
Interest rate derivatives
Main article: Interest rate derivative
- LIBOR
- Forward rate agreement
- Interest rate swap
- Interest rate cap
- Exotic interest rate option
- Bond option
- Interest rate future
- Money market instruments
- Range accrual Swaps/Notes/Bonds
- In-arrears Swap
- Constant maturity swap (CMS) or constant treasury swap (CTS) derivatives (swaps, caps, floors)
- Interest rate Swaption
- Bermudan swaptions
- Cross currency swaptions
- Power Reverse Dual Currency note (PRDC or Turbo)
- Target redemption note (TARN)
- CMS steepener
- Snowball
- Inverse floater
- Strips of Collateralized mortgage obligation
- Ratchet caps and floors
Credit derivatives
Main article: Credit derivative
- Credit default swap
- Collateralized debt obligation
- Credit default option
- Total return swap
- Securitization
Foreign exchange derivative
Main article: Foreign exchange derivative
- Foreign exchange option
- Currency future
- Forex swap
- Foreign exchange hedge
- Binary option: Foreign exchange
Financial regulation
Designations and accreditation
- Certified Financial Planner
- Chartered Financial Analyst
- Chartered Financial Consultant
- Canadian Securities Institute
- Independent Financial Adviser
- Financial Risk Manager
- Chartered Accountant
Fraud
Industry bodies
Regulatory bodies
United Kingdom
European Union
United States
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission (U.S.)
- Federal Reserve
- Federal Trade Commission
- Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (US)
- Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (US)
- Securities and Exchange Commission
United States legislation
- Glass-Steagall Act (US)
- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (US)
- Sarbanes-Oxley Act (US)
- Securities Act of 1933 (US)
- Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (US)
- Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (US)
- USA PATRIOT Act
Actuarial topics
Asset types
Raising capital
Valuation
Discounted cash flow valuation
Main article: Discounted cash flow
- Cash flow
- Time value of money
- Bond valuation
- Equity valuation
Relative valuation
- Dividend yield
- Financial ratio
- Market-based valuation
- PE ratio
- Relative valuation
- Stock image
- Stock profile
Contingent claim valuation
- See derivatives pricing below.
Financial software tools
- Straight Through Processing Software
- Technical Analysis Software
- Algorithmic trading
- List of numerical analysis software
- Comparison of numerical analysis software
Financial institutions
- Bank
- Bank holding company
- Building society
- Clearing house
- Commercial lender
- Community development financial institution
- Credit rating agency
- Credit union
- Diversified financial
- Edge Act Corporation
- Export Credit Agencies
- Financial adviser
- Financial intermediary
- Financial planner
- Futures exchange
- Government sponsored enterprise
- Hard money lender
- Independent Financial Adviser
- Industrial loan company
- Insurance regulatory
- Insurance company
- Investment adviser
- Investment company
- Investment trust
- Large and Complex Financial Institutions
- Mutual fund
- Non-banking financial company
- Prime brokerage
- Retail broker
- Savings and loan association
- Stock broker
- Stock exchange
- Trust company
Persons influential in the field of finance
- List of corporate leaders
Finance scholars
- List of accounting topics
- List of management topics
- List of marketing topics
- List of economics topics
- List of international trade topics
- List of information technology management topics
- List of production topics
- List of business law topics
- List of business ethics, political economy, and philosophy of business topics
- List of business theorists
See also
External links
Find more about Finance on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity- Wharton Finance Knowledge Project - aimed to offer free access to finance knowledge for students, teachers, and self-learners.
- Comprehensive site about topics of financial theory, with a focus in Corporate Finance, Valuation and Investments. Updated Data, Excel Spreadsheets and more. Prof. Aswath Damodaran
- For links to finance web sites, grouped by topic see Web Sites for Discerning Finance Students, Prof. John M. Wachowicz-
- For the introductory finance web site at the University of Arizona, studyfinance.com
- For introductory articles, a full glossary and links to resources on behavioral finance see the BF gallery
- For the law of the financial markets see SECLaw.com
- For various shared blog posts on finance see fwisp.com
- For stock market related financial definitions see TheStreet.com Glossary
- The Finance Director provides access to essential suppliers of financial services and solutions
- Middle East Banking & Finance News — ArabianBusiness.com
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