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List of Chinese dissidents

 
Wikipedia: List of Chinese dissidents
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 This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. (October 2009)

This list consists of these activists who are known as Chinese dissidents.

There are also a large number of Chinese who claim to be dissidents and seek to defect, usually to USA, Canada, UK, Australia or New Zealand. To support their application to migrate, it is quite common for these self proclaimed dissidents to cite their participation in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, their strong religious belief in Falun Gong or that they are being pursued by a network of spies (Chen Yonglin). (See Economic migrants) These people are not included in this list.

Contents

Detained and jailed people

Many Chinese political activists have been detained or jailed or exiled for their pro-democracy activities.

Among them are (period of detention in brackets, followed by current status):

  • Bao Tong -- Arrested 1989; imprisoned in 1992-1996; currently under surveillance (as of 2009).
  • Bao Zunxin -- Arrested 1989; sentenced to five years in prison in 1991; released after three and a half years in 1992; died 2007.
  • Cai Lujun -- Arrested and sentenced to 3 years in prison in 2003; released in 2006. Travelled to and sought political asylum in Taiwan in 2007.
  • Gao Xingjian -- recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature.
  • Gao Zhisheng -- Given suspended sentence of 5 years in 2006; illegally detained and tortured in 2007; forcible removed from family home in Shaanxi on 4 February 2009.[1]
  • Guo Quan -- Arrested in 2008,sentenced to 10 years in prison in 2009; awaiting appeal.
  • He Depu -- Arrested in 2002; sentenced to 8 years in prison in 2003; expected release 2010.
  • Hu Jia -- Detained 2007; arrested and imprisoned in 2008; expected release 2011.
  • Huang Qi -- Imprisoned 2000-2005; detained and arrested 2008; trial delayed February 2009.
  • Jiang Lijun -- Detained 2002; arrested and imprisoned in 2003; released 2006.
  • Jiang Yanyong -- Detained and released in 2004.
  • Li Hai (de:Li Hai) -- Detained 1994; sentenced to nine years in prison in 1995; released 2004.
  • Li Zhi -- Sentenced to eight years in prison in 2003; expected release in 2011.
  • Liu Di -- Detained in 2002; released in 2003.
  • Liu Xiaobo -- Detained in 2008.
  • Lü Jiamin -- Arrested 1989; released 1991.
  • Shi Tao -- Detained and arrested in 2004; imprisoned in 2005; expected release 2014.[2]
  • Wang Dan -- Arrested 1990; sentenced to four years in prison in 1991; released on parole in 1993; arrested in 1995; sentenced to eleven years in prison in 1996; released on medical parole to U.S. in 1998; currently in the United States.
  • Wang Xiaoning -- Arrested 2002; sentenced to ten years in prison in 2003; expected release 2012.
  • Wang Bingzhang -- Arrested in 2002; sentenced to life imprisonment in 2003.
  • Wang Youcai -- Sentenced to eleven years in prison in 1998; released and exiled in 2004; currently in the United States
  • Wei Jingsheng -- Arrested and sentenced to fifteen years in prison in 1979; released and jailed again in 1993; released for "medical reasons" and deported to the US in 1997.
  • Yuan Hongbing -- Detained and forced to leave Beijing in 1994; travelled to and sought political asylum in Australia in 2004.
  • Zhao Changqing -- Arrested and released in 1989; detained in 2003; sentenced in 2003 to five years in prison; released 2007.
  • Zeng Jinyan -- Under house arrest with husband Hu Jia from August 2006 - March 2007; currently under house arrest again, since May 2007.

Chinese Government Blacklist

The Chinese government has many blacklists. One of them was reported in the South China Morning Post on January 8, 1995 and forms the basis of this list: [3]

To be arrested on entry to China

  • Yan Jiaqi (born 1942). Former aide to ousted party chief Zhao Ziyang. Escaped from China after June 1989. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Chen Yizi (born 1940). Former director of the Chinese Research Institute for Reform of the Economic Structure in Beijing. Escaped after June 1989. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).[3]
  • Wan Runnan (born 1946). Former chief executive officer of the Stone Computer Corp in Beijing. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).[3]
  • Su Xiaokang (born 1949). Writer, author of controversial TV series River Elegy. Escaped after June 1989. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).[3]
  • Wu'er Kaixi (born 1968). Former student leader who escaped to France after June 1989. He then studied at Harvard University and now lives in Taiwan (as of 2009).
  • Chai Ling (born 1966). Former student leader who escaped to the US after June 1989. She studied for an MBA at Harvard University, worked at Bain and started a software company. On June 4, 2009 she announced a one-million-dollar humanitarian effort to help the victims of the Tiananmen massacre.
  • Liang Qingtun (born 1969). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. In San Francisco (as of 1995).[3]
  • Feng Congde (born 1967). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).[3]
  • Wang Chaohua (born 1952). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. Studying in Los Angeles (as of 1995).[3]
  • Zhang Zhiqing (born 1964). Former student leader, still on Beijing's most wanted list. Whereabouts unknown since June 1989 (as of 1995).[3]
  • Zhang Boli (born 1959). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. He is currently (2008) a pastor in the Washington DC area and leads a church called "Harvest Chinese Christian Church" in Fairfax, Virginia
  • Li Lu (born 1966). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. Studying at Columbia University and became an investment banker and venture capitalist.
  • Yue Wu (born 1946). Former factory director in Shanxi, China. Involved with organising workers during the 1989 movement. In France (as of 1995).[3]
  • Zhang Gang (born 1949). Former deputy director of public relations at the Chinese Research Institute for Reform of the Economic Structure. Escaped after June 1989. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Yuan Zhiming (born 1955). Writer. Escaped after June 1989. In Mississippi (as of 1995).[3]
  • Wang Runsheng (born 1955). Former researcher with the Institute of Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).[3]
  • Chen Xuanliang (born 1947). Former teacher of philosophy at the Chinese College of Politics. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).[3]
  • Zheng Yi (born 1949). Writer. In hiding for three years after June 1989. Escaped in 1992. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).[3]
  • Lu Jinghua (born 1962). Former merchant who became involved in the Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation in 1989. In New York (as of 1995). Attempted to return to Beijing in June 1993 but was refused entry and sent back to US (as of 1995).[3]
  • Robert Wu (born 1986). Law student at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, who wrote a letter to the Chinese president demanding more human rights for Chinese citizens. Wu was named in the 2008 list of Beijing's Dissident Blacklist by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and is liable to 12 years imprisonment under Chinese law.

To be refused re-entry to China

  • Wang Bingzhang (born 1947). Studied medicine in Canada from 1981, where he established China Spring, the first overseas pro-democracy Chinese magazine. Founded the Chinese Alliance for Democracy in 1984. In 2002, he was abducted by Chinese secret agents in Vietnam and is currently in prison in Guangdong, China (as of 2009).
  • Hu Ping (born 1947). Activist in the Beijing Democracy Wall Movement in 1979, former president of the Chinese Alliance for Democracy. Went to the USA in 1986. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Xu Bangtai (born 1949). Former Shanghai student. Went to the USA in 1984 to study journalism. Chair of the Alliance for a Democratic China. In San Francisco (as of 1995).[3]
  • Han Lianchao (born 1951). Former officer of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. Was a congressional assistant in Washington as of 1995.[3]
  • Cao Changqing (born 1953). Former deputy editor-in-chief of Shenzhen Youth News. Lost his job in 1987 after publishing an article calling on Deng Xiaoping to retire. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Liu Yongchuan, Alex (born 1959). Went to the USA in 1986. Founding president of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars in USA. Became a well-known measurement expert based in Los Angeles, and a known thinker of spiritual capital.[3]
  • Liu Binyan (1925-2005). Author and journalist for the People's Daily. Later, published monthly newsletter China Forum, from the USA.
  • Han Dongfang (born 1963). Former leader of the Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation. Imprisoned for two years following the 1989 crackdown. Went to the US for medical treatment in 1992. Returned to China in August 1993 but was deported to Hong Kong. Founded China Labour Bulletin in 1994.[3]
  • Xiong Yan (born 1964). Former student leader. Arrested in Beijing and served two years in jail before leaving China in 1992. Joined US Army. Chair of the Chinese Freedom and Democracy Party. Still active in overseas China democracy movement (as of 2005).[3] He successfully re-entered Hong Kong in 2009.
  • Zhao Pinlu (born 1956). Involved in Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation in 1989. Escaped and was based in New York in 1995. Chair of the International Chinese Workers Union.[3]
  • Cheng Kai (born 1946). Former editor-in-chief of Hainan Daily. Left China in 1989. In 1995 was doing business in Hong Kong and had made several trips to China over the previous two years. Blacklisted on August 21, 1993.[3]
  • Feng Zhenghu (born 1954). Economist and scholar based in Shanghai. Refused entry to China eight times in 2009 and remains at Narita International Airport in Japan.[4]

To be dealt with "according to circumstances of the situation"

  • Fang Lizhi (born 1936). Former vice-president of University of Science and Technology of China. Arrived in the US after a year-long refuge in the US Embassy in Beijing. He is now a professor of physics at the University of Arizona (as of 2009).[3]
  • Li Shuxian (born 1935). Wife of Fang Lizhi and former professor of physics at Beijing University (as of 1995).[3]
  • Yu Dahai (born 1961). Went to the USA in 1982 to study physics at Princeton. Was acting editor-in-chief of the journal Beijing Spring in New Jersey (as of 1995).[3]
  • Wu Fan (born 1938). Former teacher in Anhui University. Was working in San Francisco (as of 1995). Chairman of the Board of the Alliance for a Democratic China.[3]
  • Ni Yuxian (born 1945). Democracy Wall activist. Secretary general of the Chinese Freedom and Democracy Party. Attempted to return to China in 1992 but was refused entry. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Yao Yueqian (born 1938). Lives in Tokyo (as of 1995).[3]
  • Tang Guangzhong (born 1949). Teacher in US (as of 1995).[3]
  • Guo Luoji (born 1932), professor of Beijing University, punished for criticising the conviction of Wei Jingsheng in 1979, protested closing of the Democracy Wall, afterwards sent to Nanjing University with no permission to teach[5]. Became a scholar at Columbia University (as of 1995).[3]
  • Harry Wu (born 1937). Went to US in 1985 as a visiting scholar at Stanford University. Became executive director of the Laogai Foundation in California and a US citizen. In November 2008, Wu opened the Laogai Museum in Washington, DC, calling it the first ever United States museum to directly address human rights in China.[6]
  • Shen Tong (born 1968). Former student leader who went to US after June 1989. Returned to China in August 1992, arrested in Beijing and deported to the US. Studied at Boston University and founded software company VFinity. Chair of the China Democracy Fund.
  • Wang Ruowang (1918-2001). Writer and human rights activist from Shanghai. Imprisoned for a year after June 1989. Moved to the US in 1992. Was Convenor-general of the Co-ordinating Committee of the Chinese Democratic Movement.
  • Feng Suying (also known as Yang Zi) (born 1938). Engineer and human rights activist. In New York (as of 1995).[3]
  • Liu Qing (born 1948). Imprisoned for almost 11 years after the Democracy Wall Movement of 1979. Arrived in the US in July 1992. Chair of New York-based Human Rights in China (as of 1995).[3]
  • Xue Wei (born 1943). Went to the US in 1980. Was a business manager for Beijing Spring (as of 1995).[3]
  • Chen Jun (born 1958). Former democracy activist in Beijing. Deported in April 1989.[3]
  • Yang Jianli (born 1950 or 1963). Went to the US as a student in 1982. At Harvard University; Vice-chair of the Alliance for a Democratic China (as of 1995) and/or founder of the Foundation for China in the 21st Century.[3]
  • Zhao Haiqing (born 1956). Went to the US in 1982 to study at the University of Pennsylvania. Former president of IFCSS. Working in Washington; Chair of the National Council of Chinese Affairs (as of 1995).[3]
  • Zhu Jiaming (born 1950). Economist. Former deputy director of the International Policy Institute of the Zhongxing Investment Company. Became a visiting scholar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (as of 1995).[3]
  • Xu Jiatun (born 1916). Former director of the Hong Kong bureau of Xinhua. Defected to the US after the 1989 crackdown. In Los Angeles (as of 1995).[3]

See also

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: List of Chinese dissidents

References

  1. ^ Human Rights in China, "Torture Account by Missing Rights Defense Lawyer Gao Zhisheng," February 8, 2009
  2. ^ "About Shi Tao," Incorporating Responsibility 2008
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Various news items from South China Morning Post, Reuters and BBC, from 1995 and earlier, quoted in [1]
  4. ^ Associated Press (November 13, 2009). Chinese human rights activist stuck at Tokyo airport. The Guardian.
  5. ^ http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/41/5/ Asia Quarterly
  6. ^ "Press Release: Laogai Museum Now Open to the Public". Laogai Research Foundation. 13 November 2008. http://www.laogai.org/news/newsdetail.php?id=3216. Retrieved 12 December 2008. 

External links


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