Main articles: Traditional music and Indigenous music
Art music traditions refer to music composed in a tradition and intended as serious art, especially as distinguished from popular or folk music. Such traditions often date to a period regarded as the "golden age" of music for a particular culture.
The following table lists music styles from throughout the world and the period in history when that tradition was developed:
| Style (ordered by culture) | Historical period when the musical tradition was developed | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Afghan art music (Klasik) | 19th century | |
| Andalusian classical music | Caliph of Córdoba | |
| Azerbaijani art music (Mugham) | uncertain | |
| Bangladeshi classical music | uncertain | |
| Cambodian classical music | Khmer Empire | |
| Chinese classical music | Tang Dynasty | The Chinese invented a form of notation called Gongche in the Tang Dynasty. Chinese literature has references to music going back to the Zhou Dynasty, and sets of bells have been recovered from archaeological excavations, but little is known about how the early music sounded. |
| European Classical Music | Renaissance to Early modern Europe | This is the European tradition of music developed during early modern Europe which is associated with high culture (including works in this tradition in non-European countries). This style of classical music is commonly referred to as simply "classical music" in the English language. |
| Indian classical music | Vedic period | Within Indian classical music, there are two distinct traditions, Hindustani and Carnatic. Both forms date to the Vedic period. |
| Indonesian art music (Gamelan) | uncertain | |
| Persian classical music | Elamnite dynasties | |
| Japanese art music (Gagaku) | Heian period | |
| Korean court music | Joseon Dynasty | |
| Lao music | Khmer Empire | |
| Mandé art music (Griot) | Mali Empire | The tradition of the jeliw |
| Ottoman classical music | Ottoman Empire | |
| Philippine classical music | Late Spanish Colonial Period | |
| Scottish Piobaireachd | Renaissance to Early modern Europe | Played primarily on the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe. |
| Thai classical music | Khmer Empire |
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