Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans.
| Deadly Fungi | ||||||
| Fungi with significant risk of death if consumed | ||||||
| Scientific name | Common name | Active Agent | Toxicity | Habitat | Similar edible species | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amanita abrupta Peck |
abrupt-bulbed Lepidella | Amino acids | liver | Mixed woodlands, eastern North America and eastern Asia |  |
|
| Amanita arocheae Tulloss, Ovrebo & Halling |
Latin American death cap | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (oak) Mexico |
||
| Amanita bisporigera G. F. Atk. |
Eastern North American destroying angel | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (pine and oak) |
||
| Amanita exitialis Zhu L. Yang & T.H. Li |
Guangzhou destroying angel | amatoxins | liver | Deciduous woodland Guangdong province, China |
||
| Amanita magnivelaris Peck |
Great felt skirt destroying angel | amatoxins[1] | liver | North America, Guatemala | ||
| Amanita ocreata Peck |
Western North American destroying angel (also known as Medusoid Mycelulem) | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (oak) Pacific Northwest North America |
 |
|
| Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link |
death cap | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (various) Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia (SE), New Zealand |
Volvariella volvacea, Russula virescens Amanita lanei Tricholoma equestre |
 |
| Amanita smithiana Bas |
unknown | renal | Woodland Japan and Pacific Northwest |
 |
||
| Amanita subjunquillea S. Imai |
East Asian death cap | amatoxins | liver | Woodland East and Southeast Asia, Japan, India |
||
| Amanita verna (Bull.: Fr.) Lam. |
fools mushroom | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (various) Europe |
Agaricus arvensis Agaricus campestris Lycoperdon spp. |
 |
| Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertillon |
European destroying angel | amatoxins | liver | Woodland (various) Europe |
Agaricus arvensis Agaricus campestris Lycoperdon spp. |
 |
| Clitocybe dealbata (Sowerby) Gillet |
ivory funnel | muscarine | CNS | grassland Europe, North America |
Marasmius oreades |  |
| Clitocybe rivulosa (Pers.) P. Kumm. |
false champignon | muscarine | CNS | grassland Europe, North America |
Marasmius oreades |  |
| Conocybe filaris (Fries) Kühner |
amatoxins | liver | grassland, lawns North America |
Psilocybe spp. |  |
|
| Cortinarius gentilis (Fr.) Fr. |
orellanine | kidney |  |
|||
| Cortinarius orellanus Fries |
Fool's webcap | orellanine | kidney | Coniferous woodland Northern Europe |
 |
|
| Cortinarius rubellus Cooke |
deadly webcap | orellanine | kidney | Coniferous woodland Northern Europe |
 |
|
| Cortinarius splendens Rob. Henry |
splendid webcap, yellow clubbed foot | orellanine | kidney | |||
| Galerina marginata (Batsch) Kühner |
autumn skullcap | amatoxins | liver | Kuehneromyces mutabilis |
 |
|
| Galerina sulciceps (Batsch) Kühner |
amatoxins | liver | Indonesia | |||
| Gyromitra esculenta (Pers. ex Pers.) Fr. |
false morel | gyromitrin | liver | Coniferous woodland Northern latitudes |
Morchella spp. |  |
| Inocybe erubescens A. Blytt |
red-staining inocybe (prev. I. patouillardii) |
muscarine | CNS | Deciduous woodland (beech) Europe |
Calocybe gambosa, Agaricus spp., Cortinarius caperatus[2] |
 |
| Lepiota brunneoincarnata Chodat & C. Martín |
deadly dapperling | amatoxins | liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
 |
|
| Lepiota helveola Bres. |
amatoxins | liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
|||
| Lepiota castanea Quél |
chestnut dapperling | amatoxins | liver | Coniferous woodland Europe |
 |
|
| Lepiota josserandi |
deadly parasol | amatoxins | liver | Coniferous woodland North America |
||
| Lepiota xanthophylla P.D. Orton |
||||||
| Fungi where isolated deaths have been reported | ||||||
| Scientific name | Common name | Active Agent | Toxicity | Habitat | Similar edible species | Picture |
| Boletus pulcherrimus Fr. |
Muscarine | severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Western North America |
Boletus spp. |
 |
|
| Entoloma sinuatum (Bull.) P. Kumm. |
unknown | severe gastrointestinal | Deciduous woodland North America, Europe |
Clitopilus prunulus Calocybe gambosa |
 |
|
| Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.:Fr.) P. Kumm. |
sulfur tuft | fasciculol | severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Western North America |
Armillaria mellea Hypholoma capnoides |
 |
| Lactarius torminosus (Schaeff.) Gray |
woolly milk-cap | unknown | severe gastrointestinal | Woodland Northern Europe |
Lactarius deliciosus |
 |
| Lepiota subincarnata J.E. Lange |
deady parasol | amatoxins[3] | liver | cultivated ground, lawns North America |
||
| Paxillus involutus (Batsch ex Fr.) Fr. |
brown roll-rim | unknown | autoimmune, haemolysis | grassland Europe |
 |
|
| Russula subnigricans Hongo |
cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid | rhabdomyolysis | Japan, China and North America | |||
| Tricholoma equestre (L.) P. Kumm. |
yellow knight, man-on-horseback | cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid | rhabdomyolysis | woodland Europe |
 |
Footnotes
- ^ Logemann H, Argueta J, Guzmán G, Montoya Bello L, Bandala Munoz VM, De Leon Chocooj R. (1987). "A Deadly Poisoning By Mushrooms In Guatemala" (in Spanish). Revista Mexicana de Micologia 3: 211–16. ISSN 0187-3180.
- ^ Zeitlmayr L. (1976). Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook. Hertfordshire: Garden City Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-584-10324-7.
- ^ Haines JH, Lichstein E, Glickerman D. (1986). "A fatal poisoning from an amatoxin containing Lepiota". Mycopathologia 93 (1): 15–17. PMID 3960099.
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