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This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans[1] . The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals.
To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".
| Species | Date | Location of Origin | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | 15000 BC [2] | East Asia | meat, hunting, transportation, companionship |
| Sheep (Ovis aries) | between 9-11000 BC[3] [4] | Southwest Asia | Wool, meat, milk |
| Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) | 10000 BC [5] | Iran | milk, meat |
| Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) | 9000 BC[6] | Near East, China | meat, companionship |
| Cow (Bos primigenius taurus) | 8000 BC[7][8] | India, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa | meat, milk, soil fertilization, muscle |
| Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) | 8000 BC | India | milk, soil fertilization, muscle |
| Cat (Felis catus) | 7500 BC [9][10][11][12] | Near East | Hunting, companionship |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | 6000 BC[13] | India and Southeast Asia | meat, feathers, eggs |
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | 5000 BC[14] | Peru | meat, companionship |
| Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | 5000 BC[15][16] | Egypt | muscle |
| Domesticated duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | 4000 BC | China | meat/fat |
| Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | 4000 BC | India, China | muscle, meat |
| Honey bee | 4000 BC | Multiple places | honey |
| Horse (Equus ferus caballus) | 4000 BC[17] | Eurasian Steppes | transportation, muscle, milk |
| Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) | 4000 BC | Arabia | transportation, muscle, milk |
| Llama (Lama glama) | 3500 BC | Peru | transportation, muscle |
| Silkworm (Bombyx mori) | 3000 BC | China | silk |
| Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) | 3000 BC[18] | Russia | Meat, milk, muscle, antlers |
| Rock pigeon (Columba livia) | 3000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | |
| Goose (Anser anser domesticus) | 3000 BC[19] | Egypt | meat/fat, feathers |
| Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) | 2500 BC | Central Asia | milk, transportation |
| Yak (Bos grunniens) | 2500 BC | Tibet | milk, muscle,meat |
| Asian Elephant | 2000 BC | Indus Valley civilization | muscle, transportation |
| Banteng (Bos javanicus) | Unknown | Southeast Asia, Java Island | meat, milk, muscle |
| Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) | Unknown | Southeast Asia | meat, muscle |
| Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) | 1500 BC | Peru | milk, transportation |
| Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | 1500 BC- | Europe | hunting, companionship |
| Muscovy Duck (Cairina momelanotus) | Unknown | South America | meat/fat |
| Guineafowl | Unknown | Africa | |
| Common carp | Unknown | East Asia | meat |
| Domesticated turkey | 500 BC | Mexico, United States | meat, feathers |
| Goldfish | Unknown | China | companionship |
| European Rabbit | 1600 | Europe | meat, companionship |
| Fallow Deer | 1000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | meat, antlers |
| Indian Peafowl | 500 BC | India | |
| Barbary Dove | 500 BC | North Africa | |
| Japanese Quail (see Quail) | 1100–1900 | Japan | meat |
| Canary | 1600 | Canary Islands, Europe | companionship |
| Mandarin Duck | Unknown | China | meat,fat |
| Mute Swan | 1000–1500 | Europe | |
| Fancy rat | 1800s | UK | |
| Fox | 1800s | Europe | hunting, companionship, fur |
| Mink | 1800s | Europe | fur |
| Budgerigar | 1850s | Europe | |
| Cockatiel | 1870s | Europe | |
| Zebra Finch | 1900s | Australia | |
| Hamster | 1930s | United States | companionship |
| Silver Fox | 1950s | Soviet Union | |
| Muskox | 1960s | United States | muscle, meat, milk |
| Corn Snake | 1960s | United States | |
| Ball Python | 1960s | ||
| Hissing Cockroach | 1960s | ||
| Red Deer | 1970s | New Zealand | |
| Hedgehog | 1980s | United States |
References
- ^ http://archaeology.about.com/od/dterms/a/domestication.htm
- ^ See Origin of the domestic dog
- ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3.
- ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2.
- ^ Melinda A. Zeder, Goat busters track domestication (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000, (English).
- ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression., April 2000, (English).
- ^ Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.
- ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
- ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
- ^ "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 9500-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus". National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ West B. and Zhou, B-X., Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 45, 205-218, 1989, quotationPDF (26.3 KiB), 8 p. (English).
- ^ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge
- ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano et al., African Origins of the Domestic Donkey, Science 304:1781, 18 June 2004, cited in New Scientist, (English).
- ^ Roger Blench, The history and spread of donkeys in AfricaPDF (235 KiB) (English).
- ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
- ^ Domestication of Reindeer
- ^ Geese: the underestimated species
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