Wikipedia:
List of early flying machines
This is a listing of early flying machines.
Claims regarding early flying machines vary in countries, books and encyclopedias. They all use different criteria when considering, among others, the validity of a claim, and the meaning of the phrase flying machine. These and other controversial issues are discussed in first flying machine.
In this list, various advancements are presented, including actual flying machines, prototypes, models, designs or important pieces of literature. But note that some of this information is disputed by some sources.
Historic Records
| Inventor | Accomplishment | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Zhuge Liang | Kongming lantern, first hot air balloon | 2nd or 3rd century |
| Yuan Huangtou | Manned kite, first successful manned flight | 559[1] |
| 'Abbas Ibn Firnas | First parachute flight | 852 |
| 'Abbas Ibn Firnas | First hang glider, first controlled flight with manned glider-wings | 875[2][3] |
| Eilmer of Malmesbury | Also a single flight of manned glider-wings | 1010 |
| Unknown |
Manned kites are common. Reported by Marco Polo | 1290 |
| Lagari Hasan Çelebi | First rocket flight | 1633 |
| John Childs | Unnamed flying device, flew 700m three times over two days | 1757 |
| Montgolfier brothers | Modern hot air balloon | 1783 |
| Diego Marín Aguilera | Single fight of manned-glider-wings | 1793 |
| William Samuel Henson | Aerial Steam Carriage, flight of model | 1842 |
| John Stringfellow | Stringfellow Machines | 1848, 1868 |
| Henri Giffard | Dirigible, hydrogen balloon powered by steam engine | 1852 |
| Sir George Cayley | Cayley Glider, flight of manned glider | 1853 |
| Rufus Porter | New York to California Aerial Transport | 1849 |
| Jean Marie Le Bris | Artificial Albatross | 1857, 1867 |
| Félix du Temple de la Croix | Monoplane (1874) First powered manned flight | 1857 - 1877 |
| James William Butler and Edmund Edwards | Steam-Jet Dart | 1865 |
| Francis Herbert Wenham | Wenham's Aerial Locomotion | 1866 |
| Jan Wnek | Loty glider, many flights | 1866 |
| Frederick Marriott | Marriott flying machines | 1869 |
| Alphonse Penaud | Planophore, Penaud Toy Helicopter | 1871 |
| Thomas Moy | Moy Aerial Steamer, | 1875 |
| Thomas Moy | The Military Kite | 1879 |
| Charles F. Ritchel | Ritchel Hand-powered Airship | 1878 |
| Victor Tatin | Tatin flying machines | 1879 |
| Massia and Biot | Massia-Biot Glider | 1879? 1887? |
| Alexandre Goupil | Goupi Monoplane, La Locomotion Aerienne | 1883 |
| John J. Montgomery | Montgomery Monoplane and Tandem-Wing Gliders | 1883 - 1911 |
| Aleksandr Fyodorovich Mozhaiski | Mozhaiski Monoplane | 1884 |
| Pichancourt | Mechanical Birds | 1889 |
| Lawrence Hargrave | Hargrave flying machines and Box kites | 1889 - 1893 |
| Clement Ader | Éole, Avion, short, manned and powered, flights | 1890 - 1897 |
| Chuhachi Ninomiya | Karasu model, Tamamushi model | 1891 ,1895 |
| Otto Lilienthal | Derwitzer Glider, Normal soaring apparatus and others, many flights | 1891 - 1896 |
| Horatio Phillips | Phillips Flying Machine | 1893, 1906 |
| Hiram Stevens Maxim | Maxim Biplane | 1894 |
| Pablo Suarez | Suarez Glider | 1895 |
| Percy Sinclair Pilcher | Pilcher Hawk | 1896 |
| Octave Chanute and Augustus Herring | Chanute and Herring Gliding Machines | 1896 |
| William Paul Butusov | Albatross Soaring Machine | 1896 |
| William Frost | Frost Airship Glider | 1896 |
| Samuel Pierpont Langley | Langley Aerodromes | 1896 - 1903 |
| Carl Rickard Nyberg | Flugan, very short manned flight | 1897 |
| Edson F. Gallaudet | Gallaudet Wing Warping Kite | 1898 |
| Lyman Gilmore | Gilmore Monoplane | 1898 |
| Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin | Zeppelin airship LZ 1 | 1900 |
| Wilhelm Kress | Kress Waterborne Aeroplane | 1901 |
| Gustave Whitehead | claimed manned flight | 1901 |
| Gagnon | manned flight in steam helicopter | 1902 |
| Richard William Pearse | Pearse Monoplane | 1903 |
| Karl Jatho | Jatho Biplane | 1903 |
| Guido Dinelli | Dinelli Glider, Aereoplano | 1903, 1904 |
| Wright brothers | Wright Flyers I - III, first successful controlled flights | 1903 - 1905 |
| Ferdinand Ferber and Gabriel Voisin | Archdeacon glider | 1904 |
| Louis Blériot and Gabriel Voisin | Blériot-Voison floatplane glider, biplane | 1905 |
| Traian Vuia | Vuia I, Vuia II First unofficial autonomous controlled take-off and flight. | 1906 - 1907 |
| Jacob Ellehammer | Ellehammer monoplane | 1906 - 1907 |
| Alberto Santos-Dumont | 14-bis, Demoiselle First official European autonomous controlled take-off and flight. | 1906 - 1907 |
| Louis Blériot | Blériot V, Blériot XI | 1907, 1909 |
| Glenn H. Curtiss | AEA June Bug | 1908 |
| Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) | Silver Dart | 1909 |
| Aurel Vlaicu | Vlaicu 1909, Vlaicu I, Vlaicu II, Vlaicu III | 1909-1910 |
| Henri Fabre | Le Canard, First seaplane. | 1910 |
| Duigan Brothers | Duigan Pusher Biplane | 1910 |
| Henri Coanda | Coanda 1910 Biplane First jet engine flight. | 1910 |
Literature,myth or designs only
| Inventor | Accomplishment | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Indo-European mythology | Sun chariot | 2nd millennium BC |
| Greek mythology | Story of Daedalus and |
13th century BC |
| Hindu mythology, Sanskrit epics | Vimanas | 5th century BC or earlier |
| Roger Bacon | Secrets of Art and Nature: ornithopter design | c. 1250 |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Ornithopter design and literature | c. 1490 |
| Emanuel Swedenborg | Flying Machine design and literature | 1714 |
| Sir George Cayley | The Forces of Flight: technical literature | 1799 |
| Le Comte Ferdinand Charles Honore Phillipe d'Esterno | On The Flight Of Birds (Du Vol des Oiseaux): technical literature | 1864 |
| Louis Pierre Mouillard | The Empire Of The Air (L'Empire de L'Air): literature | 1865 |
| Horatio Frederick Phillips | Sustainer design, literature | 1884 - 1907 |
| James Means | The Problem of Manflight, Aeronautical Annual literature | 1894 - 1897 |
| Martin Wiberg | Patent for design of "Luftmaskin": liquid fuel rocket powered machine | 1903 |
See also
- Timeline of aviation
- Aviation history
- Accidents and incidents in aviation
- World War I Aviation
- Vaimanika Shastra
References
- ^ （永定三年）使元黄头与诸囚自金凤台各乘纸鸱以飞，黄头独能至紫陌乃堕，仍付御史中丞毕义云饿杀之。(Rendering: [In the 3rd year of Yongding, 559], Gao Yang conducted an experiment by having Yuan Huangtou and a few prisoners launch themselves from a tower in Ye, capital of the Northern Qi. Yuan Huangtou was the only one who survived from this flight, as he glided over the city-wall and fell at Zimo [western segment of Ye] safely, but he was later executed.) Zizhi Tongjian 167.
- ^ Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (Spring, 1961). "Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition", Technology and Culture 2 (2), p. 97-111 [100-101].
- ^ First Flights, Saudi Aramco World, January-February 1964, p. 8-9.
External links
- Listing and descriptions of pre-wright flying machines
- Analysis of Wright Flyer
- Prehistory of Flight
- Claims to First Flight
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| Notable incidents & accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
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