This is a list of films that certain cited sources believe are in the public domain in the United States. Being in the public domain refers to cinematic, dramatic, literary, musical and artistic works that no government, organization, or individual owns, and as such is common property.[1]
Contents |
Elements of public domain
There is no official list of films (or other works) in the public domain. It is more difficult to determine the public domain status of film than for any other media because a film can incorporate any or all of the following:
- Cinematography
- Drama
- Literature
- Music
- Art
- Trademark
Film copyright is actually a “package” of rights. A film can lose its copyright in some of those rights while retaining copyright in other rights. Expert attorneys in the field of public domain sometimes differ in their opinions as to whether a particular film is in the public domain.
Judicial interpretation of public domain
Judges, too, differ in their interpretation of the laws governing copyright protection. The United States is a “patchwork quilt” of inconsistent copyright rules in different federal judicial districts. The courts of one jurisdiction are not obliged to follow the decisions of another.[2] The U.S. Supreme Court (which could resolve those inconsistencies) very seldom decides copyright cases, and then only when an important principle is involved.
Documenting public domain status
If a film appears on the list below, there is a high probability it has lost some or all of its United States copyright protection.
There is no single method for determining if a film, or parts of it, is in the public domain. There are several methods that can be used to document a film’s public domain status. These include the following —
Determine copyright registration
Motion picture copyright registrations prior to 1978 were published in semi-annual Copyright Catalogs. The Library of Congress also published cumulative Copyright Catalogs of motion picture registrations for the periods
- 1894-1912
- 1912-1939
- 1940-1949
- 1950-1959
- 1960-1969
All are out of print. There is no cumulative Copyright Catalog for 1970-1977; the Copyright Office published 16 semi-annual Copyright Catalog booklets covering that eight-year period, but all are out of print and extremely rare. All copyright registrations from 1978 onward are online at the Library of Congress website.
Some films listed on this page were not registered, but it is unwise to presume an unregistered film is entirely copyright free without doing further research. For example, This Is the Army had no copyright registration, but it is a musical with several Irving Berlin songs, all of which were registered for copyright and renewed. The movie is shown on Turner Classic Movies, presumably with permission from the Berlin estate.
Some decades of The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures include copyright registration information for feature films (not shorts) of United States origin. This can include a statement that research failed to disclose copyright registration for a particular film. Copyright registration information is given in the following:
- The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures, 1931-1940; ISBN 0913616001
- The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures, 1941-1950; ISBN 0913616397
The United States copyright website catalogs all the works prior to 1978 that have been renewed.[3] Several pieces of work have been renewed in the form of collections, thus giving the collection as a whole copyright protection.
Copyright renewal status
For films registered in 1923-1963 inclusive, it is essential to know the renewal status. The semi-annual Copyright Catalog booklets have virtually complete (at least 99.99%) lists of renewals for the films registered 28 years earlier. Those semi-annual booklets all are out of print. However, there are reference books (see References below) that match copyright renewals with earlier registrations. In 1992, Congress changed the copyright law to make renewal automatic for copyrights registered in 1964 and later.
Underlying rights
Many of the movies listed below are based on plays, novels, magazine stories or a combination of those sources. In some cases, a film’s copyright has lapsed because of non-renewal while the underlying literary or dramatic source is still protected by copyright. For, example the movie His Girl Friday (1941), on the list below as a “public domain” film, is based on the 1928 play The Front Page, which is protected by copyright.
Studio and distributor abbreviations
- AA - Allied Artists
- AIP - American International Pictures
- MGM - Metro Goldwyn Mayer
- PRC - Producers Releasing Corporation
- UA - United Artists
- WB - Warner Bros.
A
B
C
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920, German)[39]
- Captain Kidd (1945, UA)[5]
- Carnival of Souls (1962, Herts-Lion International)[5][40]
- Cause for Alarm! (1951, MGM)[41]
- Chained for Life (1951, independent exploitation film)[5]
- Charade (1963, Universal)[5]
- Check and Double Check (1930, RKO)[5][42]
- The Chicken of Tomorrow (1948, documentary short)[43]
- Child Bride (1938, exploitation feature)[44]
- Christmas Comes But Once a Year (1936, Fleischer cartoon)[45]
- The City of the Dead (1960, British)[46]
- A Coach for Cinderella (1936, Chevrolet commercial cartoon)[47]
- A Corny Concerto (1943, WB color cartoon)[5]
- The Corpse Vanishes (1942, Monogram)[5][48]
- Crash of the Moons (1954, sci-fi telefeature)[49]
- Creature from the Haunted Sea (1961, Filmgroup Inc.)[5][50]
- Cyrano de Bergerac (1950, UA)[5][51]
D
- D.O.A. (1950, UA)[5][52]
- Daffy - The Commando (1943, WB color cartoon)[5]
- A Day at the Zoo (1939, WB color cartoon)[53]
- Dead Men Walk (1943, PRC)[54]
- Death Rides a Horse (1967, Italian)[55]
- Dementia 13 (1963, AIP)[5][56]
- Detour (1945, PRC)[5][57]
- Dick Tracy (1937, Republic serial)[58]
- Disorder in the Court (1936, Three Stooges short)[5]
- Dogs of War (1923, Our Gang short)[59]
- Doomed to Die (1940, Monogram)[5]
- Dressed to Kill (1946, Universal)[5][60]
- The Driller Killer (1979, indie slasher)[61]
- Duck and Cover (1952, propaganda short)[62]
E
- Embryo (1976, Cine Artists)[63]
- The Eternal Jew (1940, Nazi propaganda)[64]
- Eternally Yours (1939, UA)[5]
- Experiments in the Revival of Organisms (1940, USSR documentary)[65]
F
- Falling Hare (1943, WB Bugs Bunny color cartoon)[5]
- A Farewell to Arms (1932, Paramount)[5][66]
- The Fast and the Furious (1955, AIP)[67]
- The Fatal Hour (1940, Monogram)[68]
- Father's Little Dividend (1951, MGM)[69]
- Fear in the Night (1947, Paramount)[70]
- Fire Over England (1937, British, UA)[5]
- Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1941, Universal serial)[71]
- The Flying Deuces (1939, RKO)[5][72]
- Fresh Hare (1942, WB, Bugs Bunny color cartoon)[5][73]
- The Front Page (1931, UA)[5][74]
G
- Gamera vs. Guiron (1969, Japanese, AIP)[75]
- The General (1927, UA, Buster Keaton silent)[5][76]
- The Giant Gila Monster (1959, McLendon-Radio Pictures Distributing)[5][77]
- Glamour Gal (1945, U.S. government propaganda)[78]
- Glorifying the American Girl (1929, Paramount)[5]
- Go Down, Death! (1944, Sack Amusement Enterprises)[79]
- The Gold Rush (1925, Charlie Chaplin feature)[5]
- The Gorilla (1939, Twentieth Century-Fox)[5][80]
- The Great Alaskan Mystery (1944, Universal serial)[81]
- The Great Rupert (1950, Eagle-Lion)[5][82]
- Gulliver's Travels (1939, Paramount feature-length cartoon)[5][83]
- Gumbasia (1953, claymation short)[84]
H
- Happy Go Lovely (1951, RKO)[5][85]
- Have You Got Any Castles? (1938, WB color cartoon)[5]
- Häxan (1922, Danish-Swedish)[86]
- He Walked by Night (1948, Eagle-Lion)[5][87]
- Hell's House (1932, Bette Davis feature)[5]
- Hemp for Victory (1942, U.S. government short)[88]
- Hercules (1958, Italian)[89]
- Hercules Unchained (1959, Italian)[5][90]
- Hercules and the Tyrants of Babylon (1964, Italian)[91]
- Hercules vs. the Moon Men (1964, Italian-French)[5]
- His Girl Friday (1940, Columbia)[5][92]
- The Hitch-Hiker (1953, RKO)[93]
- Holy Ghost People (1967, religious documentary)[94]
- Horror Express (1972, British-Spanish)[95]
- Horrors of Spider Island (1960, German-Yugoslavian)[96]
- House on Haunted Hill (1959, AA)[97]
- The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923, Universal)[5][98]
- The Hurricane Express (1932, Mascot serial)[99]
I
- I Cover the Waterfront (1933, UA)[5]
- I'll Be Glad When You're Dead You Rascal You (1932, Betty Boop cartoon)[100]
- Impact (1949, UA)[5][101]
- The Incredible Petrified World (1957, Governor Films)[102]
- Indestructible Man (1956, AA)[103]
- The Inspector General (1949, WB)[5][104]
- Invisible Ghost (1941, Monogram)[5][105]
J
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jack and the Beanstalk[5][106] | 1952 | Jean Yarbrough | WB | |||
| The Jackie Robinson Story[5][107] | 1950 | Alfred E. Green | Eagle-Lion | |||
| Jail Bait[5] | 1954 | Ed Wood | Howco | |||
| Jungle Book[5][108] | 1942 | Zoltan Korda | UA | |||
| Jungle Jitters[109] | 1938 | Friz Freleng | WB |
K
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Killer Shrews[110] | 1959 | Ray Kellogg | MRPDC | Independent, low-budget | ||
| King of the Zombies[111] | 1941 | Jean Yarbrough | Monogram | |||
| Kansas City Confidential[5][112] | 1952 | Phil Karlson | UA |
L
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lady Frankenstein[113] | 1971 | Mel Welles | NWP | Italian | ||
| The Lady Vanishes[114][115] | 1938 | Alfred Hitchcock | Gaumont MGM Fox |
|||
| The Last Man on Earth[116] | 1964 | Ubaldo Ragona Sidney Salkow |
AIP | Italian | ||
| The Last Time I Saw Paris[5][117] | 1954 | Richard Brooks | MGM | |||
| Last Woman on Earth[118] | 1960 | Roger Corman | The Filmgroup Inc. | |||
| Little Lord Fauntleroy[5][119] | 1936 | John Cromwell | UA | |||
| The Little Princess[5][120] | 1939 | Walter Lang | Twentieth Century Fox | |||
| The Little Shop of Horrors[5][121] | 1960 | Roger Corman | The Filmgroup Inc. | |||
| The Lost City[122] | 1935 | Harry Revier | SSPI | |||
| The Lost Jungle[123] | 1934 | David Howard Armand Schaefer |
Mascot Pictures | |||
| The Lost World[5][124] | 1925 | Harry Hoyt | FNP |
M
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M[5][125] | 1931 | Fritz Lang | Vereinigte Star-Film Paramount (US) |
|||
| The Mad Monster[126] | 1942 | Sam Newfield | PRC | |||
| The Magic Sword[127] | 1962 | Bert I. Gordon | UA | |||
| Malice in the Palace[5][128] | 1949 | Jules White | Columbia | Three Stooges short | ||
| Man with a Movie Camera[129] | 1929 | Dziga Vertov | ||||
| Manfish[5] | 1956 | W. Lee Wilder | UA | |||
| Maniac[130] | 1934 | Dwain Esper | Roadshow | |||
| The Manster[131] | 1959 | George Breakston Kenneth G. Crane |
UA | |||
| Marihuana[132] | 1936 | Dwain Esper | Roadshow | exploitation film | ||
| McLintock![5][133] | 1963 | Andrew V. McLaglen | UA | |||
| Meet John Doe[114][134] | 1941 | Frank Capra | WB | |||
| Metropolis[5][135] | 1927 | Fritz Lang | UFA Paramount |
|||
| Midnight Manhunt[136] | 1945 | William C. Thomas | Paramount Metropolis |
|||
| The Monster Maker[137] | 1944 | Sam Newfield | PRC | |||
| The Monster Walks[138] | 1932 | Frank R. Strayer | MPC | |||
| Mr. Robinson Crusoe[5][139] | 1932 | A. Edward Sutherland | UA | |||
| My Favorite Brunette[5][140] | 1947 | Elliott Nugent | Paramount |
N
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Neath Brooklyn Bridge[141] | 1942 | Wallace Fox | Monogram | East Side Kids film | ||
| The New Adventures of Tarzan[5][142] | 1935 | Edward Kull | Burroughs-Tarzan | serial | ||
| Night of the Living Dead[5][143] | 1968 | George A. Romero | Walter Reade | |||
| Nightmare Castle[144] | 1965 | Mario Caiano | Allied Artists | Italian | ||
| Nosferatu[145] | 1922 | F. W. Murnau | Film Arts Guild | silent, German | ||
| Nothing Sacred[5][146] | 1937 | William A. Wellman | Selznick United Artists |
color, starring Carole Lombard |
O
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Body Too Many[5][147] | 1944 | Frank McDonald | Paramount | |||
| Our Gang[148] | 1922 | Charley Chase Fred Newmeyer Robert F. McGowan Tom McNamara |
Pathé | silent, short | ||
| Our Gang Follies of 1938[149] | 1937 | Gordon Douglas | MGM | musical, short | ||
| The Outlaw[5][150] | 1943 | Howard Hughes |
P
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parlor, Bedroom and Bath[5][151] | 1931 | Edward Sedgwick | MGM | |||
| Penny Serenade[5][152] | 1941 | George Stevens | Columbia | |||
| Perversion for Profit[153][154] | 1965 | propaganda film (anti-pornography ) |
||||
| The Phantom Empire[155] | 1935 | Otto Brower B. Reeves Eason |
Mascot | serial | ||
| The Phantom from 10,000 Leagues[156] | 1955 | Dan Milner | ARC | |||
| The Phantom of the Opera[5][157] | 1925 | Rupert Julian | Universal | |||
| The Phantom Planet[5][158] | 1961 | William Marshall | AIP | |||
| Poor Cinderella[159] | 1934 | Dave Fleischer | Paramount | cartoon, Betty Boop | ||
| The Princess and the Pauper[160] | 1939 | cartoon commercial Chevrolet |
||||
| Princess Iron Fan[161] | 1941 | Wan Guchan Wan Laiming |
Cinema Epoch | animated Chinese |
Q
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen of the Amazons[162] | 1947 | Edward Finney | Screen Guild |
R
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radar Men from the Moon[163] | 1952 | Fred C. Brannon | Republic | Serial | ||
| Rain[164] | 1932 | Lewis Milestone | UA | |||
| The Red House[5] | 1947 | Delmer Daves | UA | |||
| Reefer Madness[5][165] | 1936 | Louis Gasnier | MPV | |||
| Revolt of the Zombies[5][166] | 1936 | Victor Halperin | APDC | |||
| Road to Bali[5][167] | 1952 | Hal Walker | Paramount | |||
| Royal Wedding[5][168] | 1951 | Stanley Donen | MGM |
S
T
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Tale of Two Kitties[198] | 1942 | Bob Clampett | WB | cartoon | ||
| Tarzan the Tiger[199] | 1929 | Henry MacRae | Universal | serial | ||
| Teenage Zombies[200] | 1959 | Jerry Warren | Governor Films Inc. | |||
| Teenagers from Outer Space[5][201] | 1959 | Tom Graeff | WB | |||
| Terror by Night[5][202] | 1946 | Roy William Neill | Universal | |||
| The Terror of Tiny Town[5] | 1938 | Sam Newfield | ||||
| The Terror[5][203] | 1963 | Roger Corman Francis Ford Coppola Monte Hellman Jack Hill Jack Nicholson |
AIP | |||
| They Made Me a Criminal[5][204] | 1939 | Busby Berkeley | WB | Dead End Kids | ||
| This Is the Army[5][205] | 1943 | Michael Curtiz | WB | |||
| Three Came Home[5][206] | 1950 | Jean Negulesco | Fox | |||
| To Duck or Not To Duck[5] | 1943 | Charles M. Jones | WB | cartoon | ||
| To the Shores of Iwo Jima[5] | 1945 | Documentary Short | ||||
| Too Late for Tears[5] | 1949 | Byron Haskin | UA | |||
| Topper Returns[5][207] | 1941 | Roy Del Ruth | ||||
| Tormented[208] | 1960 | Bert I. Gordon | AAIP |
U
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undersea Kingdom[209] | 1936 | B. Reeves Eason Joseph Kane |
Republic | Serial |
V
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Vampire Bat[210] | 1933 | Frank R. Strayer | Majestic | |||
| Vengeance Valley[5][211] | 1951 | Richard Thorpe | MGM | |||
| Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women[212] | 1968 | Peter Bogdanovich | AIT | |||
| Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet[213] | 1965 | Pavel Klushantsev Curtis Harrington |
AIP |
W
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Wabbit Who Came to Supper[5][214] | 1942 | Friz Freleng | Warner Brothers | Cartoon (Merrie Melodies) | ||
| Wackiki Wabbit[215] | 1943 | Charles M. Jones | Warner Brothers | Cartoon (Merrie Melodies) | ||
| The Wasp Woman[5] | 1960 | Roger Corman and Jack Hill | ||||
| White Zombie[5][216] | 1932 | Victor Halperin | United Artists | |||
| Why We Fight[5][217] | 1942-1944 | Frank Capra | Propaganda films | |||
| A Word to the Wives[218] | 1955 | Norman Lloyd | Sponsored film | |||
| The World Gone Mad[219] | 1933 | Christy Cabanne | Majestic Pictures |
Z
| Film title | Release year | Director | Studio / Distributor | Entered PD in (year) | Reason for entering PD | Note(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zorro's Black Whip[220] | 1944 | Spencer Gordon Bennet and Wallace Grissel | Republic Pictures | |||
| Zorro's Fighting Legion[221] | 1939 | William Witney and John English | Republic Pictures |
See also
- List of open content films
- Open content film
- Open source film
- Lists of films
- Lists of film topics
- List of years in film
- Outline of film
- History of film
- Category:TV series with episodes in the public domain
Notes
- A Public domain in the USA because it was released in the USA before 1923
- J Assuming public domain worldwide due to Tokyo District Court case on 6 October 2006 applying to films made in Japan before 1953[222]
References
- Specific
- ^ "An Introduction to Films and Motion Pictures" at RoyaltyFreeMusic.com Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ Film Superlist: Motion Pictures in the U.S. Public Domain (1940 - 1949), page xii.
- ^ "United States Copyright Office Pubic Catalog". http://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp "Public Domain" at the Peter Rodgers Organization Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Ace Drummon" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Adventures of Smilin' Jack" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Africa Screams" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "All This and Rabbit Stew" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Amazing Transparent Man" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "And Then There Were None" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Angel and the Badman" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Ape" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Ape Man" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Assassin of Youth" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "At War with the Army" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Atom Age Vampire" at the Internet Archives Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Attack of the Giant Leeches" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 2, 2009
- ^ "Babes in Toyland" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Bat" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Battleship Potemkin" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ a b "The Beast of Yucca Flats" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Big Show" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Birth of a Nation" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Black Dragons" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "The Blood of Jesus" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Bloody Pit of Horror" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Bluebeard" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Bowery at Midnight" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Boy Meets Dog" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ The Boy in the Plastic Bubble from the Internet Archive
- ^ "Boys Beware" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Brain That Wouldn't Die" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Bride of the Gorilla" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "A Bucket of Blood" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Bulldog Drummond" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Burn 'Em Up Barnes" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Carnival of Souls" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Cause for Alarm!" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Check and Double Check" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Chicken of Tomorrow" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Child Bride" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Christmas Comes But Once a Year" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "City of the Dead/Horror Hotel" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "A Coach for Cinderella" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Corpse Vanishes" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Crash of the Moons" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Creature from the Haunted Sea" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Cyrano de Bergerac" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "D.O.A." at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Merrie Melodies: A Day at the Zoo" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Dead Men Walk" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Death Rides a Horse" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Dementia 13" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Detour" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Dick Tracey: Chapter 1" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Dogs of War" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Dressed to Kill" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 17, 2009
- ^ "The Driller Killer" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Duck and Cover" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Embryo" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Der Ewige Jude" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Experiments in the Revival of Organisms" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "A Farewell to Arms" at the Internet Archives Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Fast and the Furious" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Fatal Hour" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Father's Little Dividend" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Fear in the Night" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ Episode 1 of "Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe" at the Internet Archive retrieved November 10, 2009.
- ^ "The Flying Deuces" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Fresh Hare" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Front Page" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Gamera vs. Guiron (ガメラ対大悪獣ギロン, Gamera tai Daiakaijū Giron)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The General" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Giant Gila Monster" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Glamour Gal" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Go Down, Death!" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Gorilla" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Great Alaskan Mystery" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Great Rupert" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Gulliver's Travels" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Gumbasia" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Happy Go Lovely" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Häxan" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "He Walked by Night" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Hemp for Victory" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Hercules" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Hercules Unchained" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Hercules and the Tyrants of Babylon" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "His Girl Friday" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Hitch-Hiker" at the Internet Archive Retrieved December 1, 2009
- ^ "Holy Ghost People" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Horror Express" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Horrors of Spider Island" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "House on Haunted Hill" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Hurricane Express" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Betty Boop: I'll Be Glad When You're Dead, You Rascal You (1932)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Impact (1949)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Incredible Petrified World" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Indestructible Man" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Inspector General" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Invisible Ghost" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Jack and the Beanstalk" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Jackie Robinson Story, The (1950)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Jungle Book (1942)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Merrie Melodies , Jungle Jitters svcd quality" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Killer Shrews" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "King of the Zombies (1941)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "Kansas City Confidential (1952)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "Lady Frankenstein (1971)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ a b O'Shaughnessy, Catriona. A reel of your own: Wanna own a classic movie? Catriona O'Shaughnessy explains how you can in The Independent, 21 September 1992. Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Lady Vanishes (1938 (USA))" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Last Man on Earth (1964)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "Last Woman On Earth (1960)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "Little Princess, The (1939)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Little Shop of Horrors (1960)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Lost City" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Lost Jungle (1934)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Lost World (1925)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 5, 2009
- ^ "M - Eine Stadt sucht einen Moerder (1931)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Mad Monster, The (1942)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Magic Sword (1962)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Malice in the Palace (1949)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Chelovek s kinoapparatom (Man With A Movie Camera) (1929)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Maniac (1934)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Manster" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Marihuana (1936)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Mclintock (1963)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Meet John Doe (1941)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ Golan v. Gonzales (aka Golan v. Ashcroft and Golan v. Holder). Retrieved on 29 August 2009.
- ^ "Midnight Manhunt (1945)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "The Monster Maker (1944)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Monster Walks, The (1932)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Mr. Robinson Crusoe (1932)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "My Favorite Brunette" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "'Neath Brooklyn Bridge (1942)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "New Adventures of Tarzan" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Night of the Living Dead (1968)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Nightmare Castle (1965)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Nosferatu" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Nothing Sacred (1937)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "One Body Too Many (1944)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Public Domain Movies: Our Gang shorts" Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Our Gang Follies of 1938 (1937)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Outlaw, The (1943)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved on August 6, 2009
- ^ "Parlor, Bedroom and Bath" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Penny Serenade" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Perversion for Profit (Part I) (ca. 1964 - 1965)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Perversion for Profit (Part II) (ca. 1964 - 1965)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Phantom Empire - Chapter 1: Singing Cowboy (1935)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Phantom from 10,000 Leagues" at the Internet Atrchives Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Phantom of the Opera" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Phantom Planet" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Betty Boop: Poor Cinderella (1934)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Princess and the Pauper, The (1939)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Princess Iron Fan (鐵扇公主) (1941)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Queen of the Amazons" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Radar Men from the Moon" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Rain" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Reefer Madness" at the Internet Archives Retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ "Revolt of the Zombies" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Road to Bali" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Royal Wedding" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Salt of the Earth" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Santa Fe Trail" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Scared to Death" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Scarlet Street" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Screaming Skull" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Scrub Me Mama with a Boogie Beat" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Second Chorus" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Second Woman" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Sex Madness" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "She Gods of Shark Reef" Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Shock" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "A Shriek in the Night" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Sing a Song of Six Pants" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Private Snafu - Snafuperman" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Betty Boop: Snow White (1933)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Something to Sing About" at the Internet Archive Retrieved December 2, 2009
- ^ "Special Delivery" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Spirit of '43" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Spring in a Small Town (小城之春) (1948)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Stamp Day for Superman" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "A Star Is Born" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Strange Love of Martha Ivers" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Stranger" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Street Angel (馬路天使) (1937)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "The Street Fighter's Last Revenge (逆襲！殺人拳, Gyakushū! Satsujin ken) (1974)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Suddenly" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Superman (1941)" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "Swamp Women" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 5, 2009
- ^ "A Tale of Two Kitties" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Tarzan the Tiger" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Teenage Zombies" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Teenagers from Outer Space" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Terror by Night" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Terror" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "They Made Me a Criminal" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "This Is the Army" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Three Came Home" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Topper Returns" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Tormented" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Undersea Kingdom" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Vampire Bat" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Vengeance Valley" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The Wabbit Who Came to Supper" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Wackiki Wabbit" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "White Zombie" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Why We Fight: Prelude to War" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "A Word to the Wives" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "The World Gone Mad" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Zorro's Black Whip" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "Zorro's Fighting Legion" at the Internet Archive Retrieved August 4, 2009
- ^ "CASRIP Newsletter - Vol 14, Iss 1". http://www.law.washington.edu/Casrip/Newsletter/Vol14/newsv14i1Mitani.html. Retrieved 2009-05-27. "There are many masterpieces which were published on 1953, such as “Shane,” “Roman Holiday,” as well as other well-known Japanese motion pictures, including “Tokyo Story” by Yasujiro Ozu. The copyrights for these works are currently considered expired. Therefore, if the district court’s judgment is upheld by the High Court, the loss which many copyright holders would suffer would be extremely high. As a result, the outcome of the Tokyo High Court in this case will be a landmark judgment and the proceedings should be carefully monitored."[clarification needed] However, the Tokyo District Court ruled on 17 September 2007 that films by Akira Kurosawa remain copyrighted until 2036, arguing that an older pre-1970 law applies. That old law kept copyright protection for 38 years after the creator's death.
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