List of former European colonies

This is a list of former European colonies.

==North America==^[1]

France

• Canada (most of eastern and central Canada)
• United States (entire basin of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, Great Lakes)

Britain

• American territories east of the Mississippi (in modern USA)
  • Thirteen colonies
    • roughly the area of Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
  • Alabama, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin
  • Louisiana and Minnesota east of the Mississippi River
• Belize
• Canada
  • Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon
• Mosquito Coast
• Oregon Country

Netherlands

• New Netherlands (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
• Acadia

Portugal

• Labrador
• Nova Scotia
• Terra Nova (Newfoundland)

Russia

• Alaska
• Canadian and U.S. Pacific coasts down to Fort Ross, California

Spain

• Costa Rica
• El Salvador
• East Florida and West Florida
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Mexico
• Nicaragua
• Nootka (Vancouver Island, Canada)
• Oregon Country
• Southwestern United States - Arizona, California, Colorado, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah

Sweden

• New Sweden (Nya Sverige)

Carribean

Brandenburg

• St Thomas

Britain

• Bahamas
• Barbados
• Jamaica
• Leeward Islands
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Dominica
  • Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
• Windward Islands
  • Grenada
  • Saint Lucia
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Courland

• New Courland (Tobago)

Denmark

• Danish West Indies

France

• Anguilla
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic
• Grenada
• Montserrat
• Nevis
• Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Saint-Dominique (Haiti)
• Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Sint Eustatius
• Tobago

Knights of Malta

• Saint-Barthélemy
• Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
• Saint Croix
• Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)

Netherlands

• Anegada
• New Walcheren (Tobago)
• Saint Croix
• Tortola
• Virgin Gorda

Portugal

• Barbados

Spain

• Bahamas
• Cuba
• Island of Hispanola (Dominican Republic and Haiti)
• Jamaica
• Puerto Rico
• Trinidad

Sweden

• Guadeloupe
• Saint-Barthélemy

Contents 1 South America 2 Africa 3 Indian Ocean 4 Middle East 5 Indian Subcontinent 6 Asia-Pacific 7 Europe 8 See also 9 References

South America

Britain

• British Colombia
  • Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara

France

• Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)

(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)

• Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)

Netherlands

• Berbice (Guyana)
• Demerara
• Dutch Guiana (Suriname)
• Essequibo
• New Holland (Brazil - Half the capitanas)

Spain

• Argentina
• Bolivia
• Chile
• Colombia
• Ecuador
• Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands)
• Paraguay
• Panama (formerly a part of Colombia)
• Peru
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

Portugal

• Brazil
• Cisplatina (Uruguay)
• French Guiana

Africa

Belgium

• Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
• Lado enclave
• Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)

Brandenburg

• Arguin (in Mauritania)
• Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Britain

• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
• Basutoland (Lesotho)
• Bechuanaland (Botswana)
• British East Africa (Kenya)
• British Somaliland (northern Somalia)
• British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
• Cameroons (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
• Egypt
• Gambia
• Gold Coast (Ghana)
• Nigeria
• Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
• Nyasaland (Malawi)
• Sierra Leone
• South Africa
  • Cape Colony
  • Natal
  • Orange Free State
  • Transvaal
  • Zululand
• South-West Africa (Namibia)
  • Walvis Bay
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Swaziland
• Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania)
• Uganda
• Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)

Courland

• St. Andrews Island (in Gambia)

Denmark

• Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

France

• Albreda (in Gambia)
• Algeria
• Cameroon (91% of Cameroon)
• Chad
• Dahomey (Benin)
• French Congo (Republic of Congo)
• French Guinea (Guinea)
• French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
• French Somaliland (Djibouti)
• French Sudan (Mali)
• French Togoland (Togo)
• Gabon
• Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Mauritania
• Morocco (89% of Morocco)
• Niger
• Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
• Senegal
• Tunisia
• Zanzibar (Tanzania)

Germany

• German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
• German South West Africa (Namibia)
• Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
• Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
• Wituland

Italy

• Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
• Eritrea
• Italian Somaliland
• Libya

Netherlands

• Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
• Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
• Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
• Goree (in Senegal)
• Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
• Sao Tomé
• South Africa. The Dutch Cape Colony (Kaapstad / Cape Town)

Portugal

• Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
• Angola
• Annobon
• Cabinda
• Ceuta
• Goree (in Senegal)
• Malindi
• Mombasa
• Morocco enclaves
  • Agadir
  • Alcacer Ceguer
  • Arzila
  • Azamor
  • Mazagan
  • Mogador
  • Safim
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
• Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
• Quíloa
• São Tomé e Príncipe
• Tangier
• Zanzibar
• Ziguinchor

Spain

• Bona
• Bougie
• Jerba
• Fernando Poo and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
• Oran
• Port Guinea
• Rio Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
• Spanish Morocco
  • Ifni
• Spanish Sahara
  • Río de Oro
  • Saguia el-Hamra
  • Tarfaya Strip

Sweden

• Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Indian Ocean

Britain

• Laccadive Islands
• Maldive Islands
• Mauritius
• Seychelles

France

• Comoros
• Ile de France (Mauritius)
• Madagascar
• Seychelles

Netherlands

• Mauritius

Portugal

• Laccadive Islands
• Maldive Islands
• Socotra

Middle East

France

• Hatay (Sanjak of Alexandretta, now called Hatay province)
• Lebanon
• Syria
• Yemen (Cheik-Saïd peninsula)

Netherlands

• Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
• Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)

Britain

• Aden Protectorate
• Bahrain
• Egypt
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• Oman
• Palestine
• Qatar
• South Arabia
• Transjordan
• Trucial Coast (United Arab Emirates)

Portugal

• Bandar Abbas
• Hormuz
• Manama
• Muharraq Island
• Muscat
• Qeshm

Indian Subcontinent

Austria

• Nicobar Islands

Britain

• Bhutan
• British India
  • Bangladesh
  • India
  • Pakistan
• Burma (Myanmar)
• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
• Nepal

Denmark

• Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
• Serampore
• Tranquebar

France

• India
  • Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé, and Chandernagore

Netherlands

• Bengalen (Bangladesh)
• Burma (Myanmar) (Mrohaung (Arakan), Siriangh, Syriam, Ava, Martaban)
• Ceylon
• India (Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)

Portugal

• Bombay
• Calicut
• Cambay
• Cannanore
• Ceylon (Cilão)
• Chaul
• Chittagong
• Cochin
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli
• Daman and Diu
• Goa
• Hughli
• Masulipatnam
• Mangalore
• Surat
• Syriam

Asia-Pacific

Britain

• Australia
• Brunei
• New Zealand

• Western Samoa
• Philippines
• Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
• Solomon Islands
• Hong Kong

Belgium

• Tientsin

France

• • Kwang-Chou-Wan (廣州灣) leased territory, now the city of Zhanjiang (Guangdong province)
  • French settlements (concessions) in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Hankou
  • French zone of influence officially recognized by China over the provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, and Guangdong
• Indochina
  • Cambodia
  • Laos
  • Vietnam
    • Annam
    • Cochin China
    • Tongking
• New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)

Germany

• Bismarck Archipelago
• Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
• German Samoa
• Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou)
• Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
• Marshall Islands
• Nauru
• North Solomon Islands
• Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
• Palau

Netherlands

• Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
• Malacca
• Taiwan (Tayowan)
• Tonkin/Annam (Vietnam) (Tonkin, Hoi An)

Portugal

• Ayutthaya
• Flores
• Macau
• Malacca
• Moluccas
  • Ambon
  • Ternate
  • Tidore
• Nagasaki
• Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste)

Spain

• Philippines
• Spanish East Indies
• Marianas Islands (Ladrones)
• Guam
• Northern Marianas Islands
• Marshall Islands
• Micronesia

Europe

Austria

• Austrian Netherlands

Britain

• Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate or in personal union with Britain)
• Cyprus
• Heligoland
• Ionian islands
• Ireland (first as the Lordship of Ireland, later not a colony but an integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
• Malta
• Minorca

Denmark

• Danish Estonia
• Iceland

Greece

• Magna Graecia

Italy

• Albania
• Dodecanese
• Sazan Island

Norway

• Faroe Islands
• Hebrides
• Iceland
• Isle of Man
• Orkney
• Shetland

Russia

• Finland

Spain

• Spanish Netherlands

Sweden

• Swedish Estonia
• Swedish Ingria
• Swedish Livonia
• Swedish Pomerania

See also

• Austrian colonial policy
• Belgian colonial empire
• British colonial empire
• Danish colonial empire
• Dutch colonial empire
• French colonial empire
• German colonial empire
• Italian colonial empire
• Portuguese colonial empire
• Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
• Spanish colonial empire
• Swedish colonial empire

References