This is a list of former German Empire colonies and protectorates (German: Schutzgebiete) outside of the Empire's European borders, the German colonial empire.
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Brandenburger-Prussian colonies
These were colonies unsuccessfully settled by the Kingdom of Prussia or of Brandenburg before the foundation of the German Empire in 1871.
Africa
- Groß Friedrichsburg (in Ghana), 1683–1718
- Arguin (in Mauretania), 1685–1721
- Whydah (in present Togo), circa 1700 (this Brandenburg 'colony' was just a minor point of support, a few dwellings at a site co-inhabited by British and Dutch)
North America
These territories were held briefly under lease or occupation during the early European colonizations of the so-called New World.
- Saint Thomas. Leased by Brandenburg from the Danish West India Company, 1685–1720.
- Island of Crabs (Krabbeninsel in German) (Caribbean, now US), Brandenburg annexation in the Danish West Indies, 1689–1693
- Tertholen (Caribbean), 1696. Occupation.
German imperial colonies
These are colonies settled by and controlled by the German Empire from 1884-1919.
Africa
The following are German African protectorates.
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika)
- Tanganyika - which in 1962 became independent and in 1964 joined with former British protectorate of the sultanate of Zanzibar to form present-day Tanzania
- Ruanda-Urundi (1885–1917) - present-day Rwanda and Burundi
- Wituland (1885–1890) - since 1890 in Kenya
- Kionga Triangle - since 1920 (earlier occupied) in Portuguese Mozambique
- German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - present-day Namibia (except then-British Walvis Bay) and part of Botswana (Südrand des Caprivi-Zipfels)
- German West Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika) - existed as one unit only for two or three years, then split into two colonies due to distances:
- Kamerun (1884–1914) - after World War I, separated into a British part, Cameroons, and a French Cameroun, which became present Cameroon. The British part was later split in half, with one part joining Nigeria and the other Cameroon. (Kamerun, Nigeria-Ostteil, Tschad-Südwestteil, Zentralafrikanische Republik-Westteil, Republik Kongo-Nordostteil, Gabun-Nordteil)
- Togoland (1884–1914) - after World War I it separated into two parts: a British part (Ghana-Westteil), which joined Ghana, and a French one, which became Togo
Pacific
These are German colonies in the Pacific.
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) (1884–1914)
- Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- Bismarck Archipelago (Bismarck-Archipel)
- German Solomon Islands or Northern Solomon Islands (Salomonen or Nördliche Salomon-Inseln) (1885–1899)
- Bougainville Island (Bougainville-Insel) (1888–1919)
- Nauru (1888–1919)
- Marshall Islands (Marshall-Inseln) (1885–1919)
- Mariana Islands (Marianen) (1899–1919) - present-day Northern Mariana Islands
- Caroline Islands (Karolinen) (1899–1919) - present-day Federated States of Micronesia and Palau
- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) (1899–1914) - present-day Samoa
China
These are German concessions in China leased to it by the Qing Dynasty.
- Jiaozhou Bay (Deutsch-Kiautschou) (1898-1914)
- Chefoo (190?-1918)
Other
- New Swabia was a part of Antarctica, claimed by Nazi Germany 19 January 1939 - 25 May 1945, but not effectively colonized; the claim was completely abandoned afterward
See also
- German colonization of the Americas
- German colonial empire
- Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty
- Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies
Sources and external links
- German colonies (German)
- WorldStatesmen
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