Wikipedia:
List of German Americans
This is a list of notable German Americans. German Americans are citizens of the United States of ethnic German ancestry and currently form the largest ancestry group in the United States, accounting for 17% of the U.S. population.
| Lists of Americans |
| by U.S. state |
| by ethnicity: |
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| German |
| Greek | Hmong |
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| Indonesian Iranian |
| Irish | Israeli |
| Italian | Jamaican |
| Japanese | Jewish |
| Korean | Laotian |
| Louisiana Creole | Mexican |
| Native American | Native Hawaiian |
| Nicaraguan | Polish |
| Portuguese | Romanian |
| Russian | Rusyn |
| Salvadoran | Scots-Irish |
| Scottish | Turkish |
| Taiwanese | Ukrainian |
| Vietnamese | Welsh |
Entertainment
Actors and actresses
- Edward Arnold[1]
- Fred Astaire[2]
- Mary Astor - actress[3]
- Lauren Bacall - actress[4]
- Carl Betz - actor and World War II Veteran
- Eric Braeden[5]
- Felix Bressart - actor[6]
- Agnes Bruckner - actress[7]
- Sandra Bullock[8]
- Tom Cruise - actor[9][10]
- Helmut Dantine[11]
Doris Day [12][13]- Leonardo DiCaprio[14]
- Marlene Dietrich[15]
- Phyllis Diller - entertainer, comedienne and film, television, and stage actress[16]
- Kirsten Dunst - film actress & former model[17]
- George Dzundza - actor known for his role as Sgt. Max Greevey in the first season of the TV crime drama Law & Order
- Douglas Fairbanks - actor of the silent era[18]
- Dakota Fanning - well-known child actress (I Am Sam, Uptown Girls, Taken)[19]
- William Fichtner[20]
- Tina Fey - writer, comedian and a Prime Time Emmy-nominated actress[21]
- Clark Gable - actor[22]
- Harry Groener - three-time Tony Award nominee
- Uta Hagen[23]
- Katherine Heigl[24]
- Marg Helgenberger[25]
- Paul Henreid - born Paul Georg Julius Hernried Freiherr von Wassel-Waldingau
- Sarah Ann Kozer - television personality
- Veronica Lake - actress and pin-up model[26]
- Cyndi Lauper[27]
- Hedy Lamarr - actress[28]
- Taylor Lautner - actor/martial artist[29]
- Allison Mack
- Rudolf Martin
- Candice Michelle - model/actress/WWE diva[30]
- Elisabeth Röhm
- Sig Ruman
- August Schellenberg[31]
- Josef Sommer[32]
- Ludwig Stossel[33]
- Charlize Theron - born in South Africa, a naturalized US Citizen of French and German descent[34]
- Tiffani Thiessen[35]
- Christopher Walken
- Paul Walker[36]
- Erin Wasson - actress/model[37]
- Bruce Willis[38]
- Wolfgang Zilzer - actor[39]
Artists
- Albert Bierstadt[40]
- Charles M. Schulz - cartoonist best known worldwide for his Peanuts comic strip.
- George Grosz[41]
- William Hahn - painter[42]
- Uli Herzner
- Hans Hofmann[43]
- Ubbe Ert Iwwerks - two-time Academy Award winning American animator, cartoonist and special effects technician, who was famous for his work for Walt Disney
- Fritz Lang - film director, screenwriter and occasional film producer.
- Nicola Marschall[44]
- Thomas Nast[45]
- Erwin Panofsky[46]
- Vinnie Ream - sculptor, famous for her work of Abraham Lincoln in the U.S. Capitol rotunda
- Severin Roesen[47]
- Carl Schmitt - artist[48]
- Alfred Stieglitz - photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an acceptable art form alongside painting and sculpture
- Baroness Hilla von Rebay - abstract painter, helped establish the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City
- Christopher Sauer - earliest type founder in America, published the first German Bible, 1743, and the first religious magazine in America, 1764[49]
- Henry William Stiegel - glassmaker and ironmaster
- Kat Von D - "Kathy von Drachenberg", tattoo artist, best known for her work as a featured artist on the TLC reality television show Miami Ink and TLC series starring her, LA Ink[50]
- Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven - avant-garde, Dadaist artist and poet
- Carl von Marr - painter
- Paul Weber - landscape and portrait painter.[51]
Authors and writers
- Sade Baderinwa - news reporter/journalist
- Vicki Baum - writer[52]
- Charles Bukowski[53]
- Theodore Dreiser[54]
- Gottfried Duden - travel author[55]
- Roger Ebert - Pulitzer Prize-winning film critic[56]
- Charles Follen - poet and patriot[57]
- Bruno Frank - author, poet, dramatist and humanist
- Patricia Highsmith[58]
- Friedrich Hirth[59]
- Julia Kasdorf - poet
- Siegfried Kracauer - film historian, sociologist and author[60]
- Howard Kurtz - journalist, blogger, author and media critic
- Walter Lippman - writer, journalist, and political commentator
- H. L. Mencken - journalist[61]
- Henry Miller[62]
- Anna Balmer Myers - author of Mennonite (Pennsylvania Dutch) novels
- Sylvia Plath[63]
- Heinrich Armin Rattermann - author, poet, and historian[64]
- Erich Maria Remarque - German-born author, naturalized U.S. citizen
- Conrad Richter - Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist[65]
- Mary Roberts Rinehart - author[66]
- Hope Rockefeller Aldrich - journalist
- Charles Sealsfield - the pseudonym of Austrian-American author of novels and travelogues, Carl (or Karl) Anton Postl[67]
- Gertrude Stein - author[68][69]
- John Steinbeck[70]
- Dr. Seuss[71]
- Henry Villard - journalist[72]
- Kurt Vonnegut[73]
Celebrities
- Paris Hilton - Hilton Hotel heiress[74]
- Nikki Hilton - Hilton Hotel heiress[75]
- Keith Olbermann - news anchor, commentator and radio sportscaster
Directors/producers
- Harry Cohn - founded C.B.C. Films in 1920, later Columbia Pictures[76]
- Peter Douglas[77]
- Roland Emmerich - Hollywood film director born in Stuttgart[78]
- Werner Herzog - acclaimed film director, screenwriter, actor, and opera director.
- Carl Laemmle - pioneer in American film making and a founder of one of the original major Hollywood movie studios
- Ernst Lubitsch[79][80]
- Anthony Mann - film director and actor[81]
- Harold Nebenzahl - film producer and screenwriter[82]
- Seymour Nebenzahl - film producer[83]
- Mike Nichols[84]
- Gottfried Reinhardt - producer and director[85]
- Eugen Schüfftan - cinematographer and inventor[86]
- Irving Thalberg
- Darryl F. Zanuck - producer, writer, actor and director who played a major part in the Hollywood studio system
Humorists
- Matt Groening - cartoonist, The Simpsons and Futurama creator[87]and creator of Life in Hell
Models
- Christine Baumgartner - German-born model and designer; wife of Kevin Costner
- Megan Ewing[88]
- Jinx Falkenburg - model
- Julia Schultz - model and actress
Music
- Bix Beiderbecke - jazz cornet player and a classical and jazz pianist
- Frank Heino Damrosch - conductor and educator
- Leopold Damrosch - conductor
- Walter Johannes Damrosch - conductor[89]
- Carlos Dengler - Interpol guitarist
- Antje Duvekot - singer, songwriter, and guitarist
- Elbert Joseph Higgins - songwriter[90]
- Paul Hindemith - composer, violinist and influential teacher.[91]
- Hanya Holm - choreographer[92]
- Horst P. Horst - photographer[93]
- Hugo Friedhofer - Film music composer[94]
- Gus Kahn - musician, songwriter and lyricist
- Henry Kleber - influential performer, composer, music merchant, impresario, and teacher.[95]
- Johnny Klein - drummer for Lawrence Welk on the The Lawrence Welk Show
- Nick Lachey - pop singer[96]
- Charles Martin Loeffler - composer[97]
- Louis Maurer - lithographer[98]
- Jaco Pastorius - musician and songwriter widely acknowledged for his virtuosity of the fretless bass[99]
- Bruno Walter Schlesinger - conductor and composer
- Theodore Thomas - conductor[100]
- Dee Dee Ramone - Bassist for The Ramones[101]
- Max Steiner - composer of music for theater production shows and films
- Zacky Vengeance - Rhythm Guitarist for Avenged Sevenfold
- Kurt Weill - composer[102]
- Lawrence Welk - bandleader[103]
- Ace Young - singer[104]
Architects
- Dankmar Adler[105]
- Julius Berndt - artist, architect and entrepreneur, designed The Hermann Monument in New Ulm, Minnesota, built in memory of Teutonic hero, Arminius (Hermann of Cherusci), liberator of Germany from Rome in 9 A.D., and the father of Germanic independence, designated by the 106th United States Congress to be an official symbol of all citizens of German heritage in 2000[106][107][108]
- Walter Gropius - architect[109]
- John Augustus Roebling - Brooklyn Bridge[110]
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe - architect[111]
- August Schoenborn - U.S. Capitol Dome[112]
Entrepreneurs
- Eberhard Anheuser - soap and candle maker, president and CEO of Eberhard Anheuser and Company, which eventually became Anheuser-Busch
- John Jacob Astor - merchant[113]
- John Jacob Bausch - optician who co-founded Bausch & Lomb[114]
- Joseph Augustus Biedenharn - credited with first bottling the popular soda fountain drink Coca-Cola in the summer of 1894
- Maximilian Berlitz - Berlitz Language School[115]
- William Edward Boeing - aviation pioneer who founded The Boeing Company.
- Henry Buhl Jr. - entrepreneur and public science educator[116][117]
- Adolphus Busch - Anheuser-Busch brewing company founder [118]
- Walter Chrysler - Chrysler automobile developer[119][120]
- Adolph Coors - Coors beer empire founder[121]
- Noah Dietrich - CEO of the Howard Hughes empire
- Walt Disney - film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, and philanthropist[122]
- August Duesenberg - automobile pioneer manufacturer
- Fred Duesenberg - automobile pioneer designer, manufacturer and sportsman
- Harvey Firestone - founder of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company[123]
- August Charles Fruehauf - blacksmith who invented the tractor trailer or semi-trailer (Sattelschlepper in German) in 1914 and founded the Fruehauf Trailer Corporation[124]
- Henry J. Heinz - H. J. Heinz Company ketchup founder[125]
- H. J. Heinz II - best known as Jack Heinz, a business executive and CEO of the H. J. Heinz Company
- Milton S. Hershey - Hershey chocolate founder[126]
- Conrad Hilton - founder of the Hilton Hotel chain.[127]
- Gustav Goelitz - candy and ice cream merchant whose endeavours led to candy corn and the Jelly Belly candy company
- Max Kade - pharmaceutical industry tycoon, endowed the Max Kade foundation[128]
- Otto Hermann Kahn - investment banker[129]
John Kluge - television industry mogul[130]- William Knabe - industrialist and piano-manufacturer[131]
- Johan Adam Lemp - the father of modern brewing in St. Louis, started the William J. Lemp Brewing Company[132]
- Alfred Lion - co-founder of Blue Note Records.
- Solomon Loeb - banker, co-founder of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
- Abby Rockefeller Mauzé - philanthropist
- F. L. Maytag - founded the Maytag Company
- George W. Merck - scientist and former president of Merck & Co.
- Frederick Miller - Miller beer creator[133]
- Fabian Pascal - consultant to large software vendors[134]
- Tom Pastorius - founded Penn Brewery (Pennsylvania Brewing Co.)[135]
- Adolph Rickenbacher - created the electric guitar manufacturer, Rickenbacher Manufacturing Company
- William Rittenhouse - built the first paper mill in America[136]
- David Rockefeller - prominent banker, philanthropist, world statesman, and the current patriarch of the Rockefeller family
- John D. Rockefeller - industrialist and philanthropist
- John D. Rockefeller, Jr. - industrialist and philanthropist
- John D. Rockefeller III - industrialist and philanthropist
- Laurance Rockefeller - venture capitalist, financier, philanthropist and major conservationist
- John Augustus Roebling - civil engineer, one of the pioneers in the construction of suspension bridges[137]
- Washington Augustus Roebling - civil engineer best known for his work on the Brooklyn Bridge
- August Schell - founded The August Schell Brewing Company in 1860, the second oldest family-owned brewery in America
- Jacob Schiff - banker and philanthropist
- Steve Schwarzman - billionaire, owner of Blackstone Group
- Isaac Singer - inventor, actor, and sewing machine entrepreneur[138]
- Claus Spreckels - industrialist[139]
- Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg - Steinway pianos manufacturer[140]
- Henry William Stiegel - glassmaker and ironmaster and an active lay Lutheran and associate of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, arrived in Philadelphia in 1750 on a ship known as the Nancy
- Chris Strachwitz - founder and president of Arhoolie Records[141]
- Levi Strauss - creator of the first company to manufacture blue jeans.[142]
- Clement Studebaker - founded Studebaker, a wagon, carriage and car manufacturer[143]
- John Sutter - pioneer settler/colonizer[144]
- Donald Trump - real estate developer[145]
- William Utz - snack food entrepreneur
- The Warburg Family - bankers
- George Westinghouse - engineer and electricity pioneer[146]
- Friedrich Weyerhäuser - timber mogul and founder of the Weyerhaeuser[147]
Historical figures
- Anni Albers - printmaker[148]
- George Atzerodt - assassin[149]
- Burchard Miller - Texas land pioneer
- Warren E. Burger (1907 - 1995) Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986[150]
- Adolf Cluss - architect, builder of numerous public buildings in Washington D.C.[151]
- Hendrick Christiansen - trader and explorer[152]
- Nicholaus de Meyer - 1676 burgomaster of New York[153]
- The Donner Party - named for George Donner, a German emigrant who had first settled in North Carolina before moving west[154]
- Dr. Carl Adolph Douai - educational reformer, abolitionist, newspaper editor, and labor leader
- Fred and August Duesenberg - car builders
- Friedrich Ernst - "Father of German Immigration to Texas", arriving in 1831[155]
- Henry Francis Fisher - notable German Texan in Houston, Texas, where he was consul for the Hanseatic League, became acting treasurer of the San Saba Company[156]
- Lukas Foss - conductor[157]
- Meyer Guggenheim (1828 - 1905) statesman, patriarch of what became known as the Guggenheim family[158]
- Ernst Gruene - founded Gruene, Texas[159]
- Bruno Hauptmann - criminal[160]
- Friedrich Hecker - revolutionary[161]
- Michael Hillegas - first Treasurer of the United States[162]
- Fritz Kuhn - German-American Bund leader[163]
- Maria Kraus-Boelté - pioneer of Froebel education in the United States, and helped promote kindergarten training as suitable for study at university level
- Johann Lederer - explorer[164][165]
- Jacob Leisler - colonist[166]
- Kurt Frederick Ludwig - head of the "Joe K" spy ring in the United States in 1940-41
- Louis A. Machemehl - German-Texan, rancher and civic leader
- Paul Machemehl - German-Texan, rancher and civic leader
- Nicola Marschall - designer of the first national flag and uniform of the Confederacy[167]
- Christian Ludwig Meyer - founded New Ulm, Minnesota in 1854
- Peter Minuit - Director-General of the Dutch colony of New Netherland[168]
- Charles Mohr - pharmacist[169]
- Pat Nixon - former First Lady of the United States[170]
- Franz Daniel Pastorius - pioneer and founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania
Walter Reuther - labor leader[171]- August Schrader[172]
- Carl Schurz - revolutionist[173]
- Margarethe Meyer Schurz - established the kindergarten system in the United States.
- Norman Schwarzkopf, Sr. - Lindbergh kidnapping investigator[174]
- Dutch Schultz - New York City-area gangster
- Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels - "Texas-Carl" was an Austro-Hungarian Lieutenant General and founder of the town New Braunfels, Texas
- Benjamin Steitz - Cincinnati, Ohio land pioneer[175]
- Ida Straus - victim of the sinking of the RMS Titanic
- Isidor Straus - former co-owner of Macy's and victim of the sinking of the RMS Titanic
- Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" Strauss - prolific contract killer for Murder, Inc
- John Sutter - settler/colonizer[176]
- Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck - German noble descended from a line of Rhenish Knights and nobles dating back to the thirteenth century, organized the Adelsverein, to promote German emigration to Texas[177]
- Berthe von Ronge - established the kindergarten system in the United States.
- Johann Printz von Buchau - successor of Peter Minuit in New Sweden[178]
- Reynier Tyson - one of the passengers on the ship the Concord in 1683 and 4th great-grandfather of American President Theodore Roosevelt
- Paul Warburg - banker[179]
- Conrad Weiser - pioneer, farmer, monk, tanner, judge, and soldier
- Lewis Wetzel - frontiersman and Indian fighter[180]
- David Ziegler - first mayor of Cincinnati. Revolutionary War Veteran and aide to president George Washington.
- John Peter Zenger - printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City[181]
Inventors
- Emile Berliner - disc record gramophone inventor[182]
- Ottmar Mergenthaler - linotype inventor[183]
- Gustave Whitehead - aviation pioneer, built first motorised plane[184]
- Dietrich Gruen - timepiece or wristwatch maker. Founded the Gruen Watch Company in Ohio[185]
Military
- Dankmar Adler - architect and Civil War hero who trained Frank Lloyd Wright.
- Otto Boehler - United States Army private awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for actions during the Moro Rebellion during the Philippine-American war
- Johann August Heinrich Heros von Borcke - Major in the Confederate army[186]
- George Armstrong Custer (1839-1876) - United States Army cavalry commander[187]
- Johann de Kalb - Major General in the American Revolution[188]
- Paul A. Frank - Colonel of the German Rangers, 52nd New York Infantry[189]
- Friedrich Hecker - lawyer, politician, revolutionary and Civil War colonel
- Lewis Heermann - commissioned Surgeon's Mate in the United States Navy 8 February 1802. In 1942, the destroyer USS Heermann was named in his honor.
- Ralph Ignatowski - soldier, World War II veteran, best friend of John Bradley (Iwo Jima)
- August Kautz - Brigadier General /Union Army officer[190]
- Eugene H. C. Leutze - Admiral of the United States Navy, appointed to the United States Naval Academy by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863
- Chester W. Nimitz - Commander in Chief of Pacific Forces for the United States and Allied forces during World War II.[191]
- John J. Pershing - officer in the United States Army, rose to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army - General of the Armies[192]
- Friedrich Adolf Riedesel - regiment commander of the Duchy of Brunswick (Braunschweig) unit hired by the British during the American Revolution
- Edward S. Salomon - a Union brigadier general in the American Civil War
- Frederick C. Salomon - a Union brigadier general in the American Civil War
- Alexander Schimmelfennig - American Civil War general in the Union Army.
- Harry Schmidt (USMC) - US Marine Corps general
- Harold G. Schrier - officer in the United States Marine Corps, recipient of the Navy Cross, the nation's second highest award for valor, and a combat veteran of World War II and the Korean War. He is most noted as one of the six Marines who raised the first American flag on Mount Suribachi, during the Battle of Iwo Jima on February 23, 1945.
- Carl Schurz - statesman and reformer, and Union Army general in the American Civil War
- Theodore Schwan - officer who served with distinction during the American Civil War, Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War.
- Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. - United States Army General
- Albert Sieber - Chief of Scouts for much of the Apache Wars and tracked Geronimo
- Franz Sigel - teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union general in the American Civil War[193]
- Carl Andrew Spaatz - general in World War II
- Adolph von Steinwehr - served as a Union general in the American Civil War
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben - German-Prussian General who served with George Washington in the American Revolutionary War and is credited with teaching the Continental Army the essentials of military drill and discipline.[194]
- Gustav Tafel - colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War
- Max Weber - Brigadier General in the Union army during the American Civil War.
- Godfrey Weitzel - Major General in the Union army during the American Civil War
- August Willich - general in the Union Army during the American Civil War
- Jurgen Wilson - Union Army officer during the American Civil War
Politics
- John Peter Altgeld - former Union troop, Illinois governor and leading figure of the Progressive Era movement
- Martin Baum - former mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, fought with General Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers[195]
- William C. Bouck - governor of the New York from 1843 to 1844[196]
- Louis Brandeis - United States Supreme Court justice[197]
- Warren E. Burger - Former Chief Justice of the United States[198]
- Henry Burk - former Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
- Earl Lauer Butz - Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford
- Dwight Eisenhower - US President[199]
- Dick Gephardt - U.S. congressman from 1977 to 2005[200][201]
- William Goebel - controversial politician who served as
Governor of Kentucky for a few days in 1900 before being assassinated - Richard W. Guenther - nineteenth century politician and pharmacist from Wisconsin
- Chuck Hagel - senior United States Senator from Nebraska[202]
- Joseph Hiester - governor of Pennsylvania from 1820 to 1823[203]
- H. John Heinz III - politician from Pennsylvania, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives (1971 – 1977) and the United States Senate (1977 – 1991) and son of H. J. Heinz II (heir to the H. J. Heinz Company)
- Herbert Hoover - US President
- Philip Mayer Kaiser - former US diplomat
- Henry Kissinger - former Secretary of State [204]
- John Christian Kunkel - former Whig and Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
- Kent Conrad - United States senator from North Dakota
- Baron Otfried Hans von Meusebach - Prussian bureaucrat, later an American farmer, politician, and member of the Texas Senate
- Frederick Muhlenberg - minister and politician who was the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
- Peter Muhlenberg - clergyman, a soldier and a politician of the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Post-Revolutionary eras in Pennsylvania
- Paul Henry Nitze - Presidential Medal of Freedom[205]
- Horace Porter - decorated Union soldier and diplomat, the son of David Rittenhouse Porter, a wealthy ironmater who later served as Governor of Pennsylvania
- Luke Ravenstahl - Pittsburgh mayor[206]
- Ingrid Rimland - politically active Nationalist[207]
- Nelson Rockefeller - forty-first Vice President of the United States
- Winthrop Rockefeller - politician and philanthropist who served as the first Republican Governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction
- Theodore Roosevelt - US President[208]
- Donald Rumsfeld - former Secretary of Defense
- Harry Sauthoff - lawyer, Wisconsin State Senator, also served in the United States House of Representatives
- Adolph H. Schmitz - former Governor of Winsconsin[209]
- Gustav A. Schneebeli - former U.S. Representative from the state of Pennsylvania
- Richard Schultz Schweiker - former U.S. Congressman and Senator representing the state of Pennsylvania, later the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Cabinet of President Ronald Reagan.
- John Andrew Shulze - Pennsylvania political leader and sixth Governor of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Muhlenberg family political dynasty.
- August Siemering - was a writer, political leader and Forty-Eighter
- Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. - politician who has served as a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and Governor of Connecticut
- Robert Zoellick - the eleventh president of the World
Bank, former United States Deputy Secretary of State and
U.S. Trade Representative
Religious
- Conrad Beissel - religious leader who in 1732 founded the Ephrata Community in Pennsylvania
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer - Lutheran pastor, theologian, participant in the German Resistance movement against Nazism, and a founding member of the Confessing Church.
- August Ernst - former president of Northwestern University and ordained minister[210]
- Barbara Heck - founded the first Methodist church in New York[211][212]
- Adolf Hoenecke - served as the head of Wisconsin Synod congregations from 1878 - 1908</ref>[266] "Adolf Hoenecke (1835-1908) received his theological training at the University of Halle in Germany. One of his teachers was Friedrich A. G. Tholuck (1799-1877), who opposed rationalism and yet favored the union of the Lutherans and the Reformed. Young Hoenecke was sent to Wisconsin by the Berlin Missionary Society, but very soon he opposed the unionism of his teacher and the German mission societies and became a truly confessional Lutheran. He served as pastor of Wisconsin Synod congregations in Farmington, Watertown, and Milwaukee. His learning and confessionalism made him the natural choice to head the Wisconsin Synod seminary, first from 1866 to 1870 in Watertown, and then again from 1878 to 1908, first in Milwaukee and then in Wauwatosa. For many years he was the editor of the Wisconsin Synod's Gemeindeblatt. As seminary director he was instrumental in founding the journal of theology known as the Theologische Quartalschrift, which continues to this day as the Wisconsin Lutheran Quarterly."</ref>
- Johannes Kelpius - Pietist, mystic, musician, and writer, interested in the occult, botany, and astronomy, came to believe with his followers in the "Society of the Woman in the Wilderness"
- Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg - Lutheran clergyman [213]
- George Erik Rupp - educator and theologian, the former President of Rice University and later of Columbia University, and president of the International Rescue Committee
- Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf - founded the town of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where his daughter Benigna organized the school which would become Moravian College[214]
Scientists/researchers
- Reinhold Aman - chemical engineer and publisher of Maledicta
- Othmar Ammann (1879 - 1965) civil engineer[215]
- Walter Baade - astronomer[216]
- Max Bentele - pioneer in the field of jet aircraft turbines and mechanical engineering.
- Hans Albrecht Bethe - physicist[217]
- Felix Bloch (1905 - 1983) physicist[218]
- Franz Boas - anthropology pioneer, often called the "Father of American Anthropology"[219]
- Florian Cajori (1859 - 1930) mathematician[220]
- Hans Georg Dehmelt - physicist[221]
- Max Delbrück - biophysicist[222]
- Krafft Arnold Ehricke - rocket-propulsion engineer
- Albert Einstein - theoretical physicist[223]
- Ernst R. G. Eckert - scientist
- George Engelmann - botanist[224]
- Edmond H. Fischer - biochemist[225]
- James Franck - physicist[226]
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer - Nobel Prize-winning physicist[227]
- H