This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic - in most cases these words are not cognates.
Source for checking: Online Etymology Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Online.
| Germanic source | Germanic | Latinate | Latin source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Old Norse angr Gmc *wraiþiþo |
anger wrath |
rage ire |
rabiēs īra |
| WGmc *aiskōn Gmc *besōkjanan |
ask beseech |
inquire request |
in + quaerere re + quaerere |
| Gmc *beforan Gmc *ana + *haubuþan |
before ahead of |
prior | prior |
| WGmc *bi- + *ginnan Gmc *sturtjanan |
begin start |
commence | com + initiāre |
| Gmc *ga-laubjan Gmc *ga-menþijan + *sat- Gmc *gōþaz + *spellan Gmc *trewwiþō Gmc *hlinunga |
belief mindset gospel truth leaning |
creed | crēdere |
| Gmc *balgiz Gmc *medi- + *hrefiz Gmc *wambō |
belly midriff womb |
abdomen | abdomen |
| Gmc *brōþar | brotherly | fraternal | frāternus |
| Old English byldan Gmc *raizijanan Gmc *raizijanan |
build rear raise |
construct | cōnstruere < com + struere |
| Old English bysig + nisse Gmc *under + *tækanan |
business undertaking |
affair | ad + facere |
| Gmc *bugjanan | buy | purchase | pro- + V.L. *captiare |
| WGmc *kalbam | calf | veal | vitellus, vitulus |
| Gmc *kilþam Gmc *barnan Middle English babe + -y |
child bairn baby |
infant | īnfāns |
| Gmc *keusanan Gmc *pikkanan |
choose pick |
opt | optare |
| Gmc *kaldaz Gmc *kaliz Gmc *freusanþjaz |
cold chilly freezing |
frigid | frigidus |
| Gmc *kweman Gmc *landjanan Gmc *raikijanau Gmc *getanan WGmc *makojanan |
come land reach get to make (to a place) |
arrive | ad + ripa |
| Gmc *kōuz Gmc *nautan Gmc *uhson |
cow neat ox |
beef cattle |
bōs/bovis V.L. capitale |
| Gmc *dagaz + *likaz | daily | diurnal | diurnalis |
| Gmc *daudaz + *likaz | deadly | mortal fatal |
mortālis fatum |
| Gmc *deuzam | deer | venison | venātiō/nis |
| Gmc *drengkan Gmc *sweljanan |
drink swill |
imbibe | imbibere < in + bibere |
| Gmc *dubon | dove | pigeon culver |
V.L. pibionem columbula |
| Gmc *erþō Gmc *landom Gmc *grundus Gmc *landam + *skapiz |
earth land ground landscape |
soil terrain |
solium terrenum < terra |
| Gmc *austra | eastern | oriental | orīri |
| Gmc *etanan Gmc *suppanan |
eat sup/supper |
dine | V.L. diseieunare < dis + ieiunare |
| Gmc *anðiōn Gmc *fullfuljanan Gmc *haldanan Gmc *wrappanan Gmc *stuppojanan |
end fulfill halt wrap up stop |
finish complete discontinue |
fīnīre complēre dis- + continuāre |
| Gmc *fastuz Gmc *hraþa Gmc *snellaz Gmc *kwikwaz Gmc *swīpanan |
fast rather snell quick swift |
rapid | rapidus |
| Gmc *fadar + *likaz | fatherly | paternal | paternus |
| WGmc *fōljan Gmc *gawaraz Gmc *tukkanan, *tækanan |
feeling awareness touch |
sentiment sensation |
sensus, sentiō |
| Gmc *fullijan + *up | fill up | replenish | re + plēnus |
| Gmc *furistaz Gmc *furma Gmc *magan- |
first foremost main |
primary | prīmus |
| Gmc *floþuz Gmc *hwelbanan |
flood overwhelm |
inundate | inundāre < in + unda |
| Gmc *fulgian | follow | ensue | in- + sequi |
| Gmc *fur-*biudan Gmc *bannan- |
forbid ban |
prohibit | prohibēre < pro + habēre inter + dicere, dictus |
| Gmc *fura + *taljanan Gmc *sanþaz + *sagjanan Gmc *fura- +*buþanan Gmc *fura- +*skadwōjanan |
foretell soothsay forebode foreshadow |
predict | praedīcere |
| Gmc *frijaz | freedom | liberty | lībertās < līber |
| Gmc *frijond + *likaz | friendly | amicable | amīcus |
| Gmc *gadurojan Old English clyster Gmc *kruppaz |
gather cluster group |
assemble | ad + simul |
| Gmc *giftiz Gmc *sali- |
gift handsel |
present | prae- + essere |
| Gmc *geban Gmc *gafurþojan |
give afford |
provide | pro + vidēre |
| Gmc *glaþaz Gmc *bliþiz Gmc *fagaraz Gmc *murgijaz Gmc *wunjo-samaz |
gladness bliss/blithe fairness merriment winsomeness |
joy pleasure delight |
gaudium placēre dēlēctāre |
| Gmc *guþan | god | deity | deus |
| Gmc *gothaz Gmc *welaz |
good well |
beneficial | beneficium |
| WGmc *gaian + Gmc *an | go on | proceed | pro- + cedere |
| WGmc *gronja | green | verdant | viridis |
| Gmc *getiskanan | guess | estimate | aestimare |
| Gmc *χarjaz + *berg Gmc *χafnaz |
harbour haven |
port | portus |
| Gmc *χatojanan Gmc *laiþojanan |
hate loathe |
detest | de- + testari |
| Gmc *χauχiþa Gmc *luftuz |
height loftiness |
altitude | altitūdō (< altus) |
| Gmc *χelpan | help | assist | assistere < ad + sistere |
| WGmc *χannja | hen | pullet | pullus |
| Gmc *χulnis Gmc *bergaz Gmc *mundō Gmc *dūnō, dūnaz |
hill barrow mound down, dune |
mount | mōns, montis |
| Gmc *aujo + *landom Gmc *aujo |
island ait |
isle | insula |
| WGmc *jukkjan Gmc *wurkijanan (via Old Norse yrkja) WGmc *taisijanan WGmc *fur-etanan |
itch irk tease fret |
irritate | irritāre |
| Old English cynd Old English ilca Gmc *brandaz Gmc *brōd- Gmc *sat- |
kind ilk brand breed set |
type class sort genre |
typus classis sors genera |
| Gmc *knoean Gmc *witanan |
know wit/wot |
recognize | re + cognoscere |
| Gmc *latas | late | tardy | tardus |
| Gmc *laiþjan Gmc *kuningaz Gmc *biron Gmc *erloz |
leader king baron earl |
duke president |
dux praesidēns |
| Gmc *langiþo | length | longitude | longitūdō (< longus) |
| Gmc *legjan Gmc *hlinojanan |
lie (lie down) lean (back) |
repose recline |
re- + pausa re- + clinare |
| Gmc *lubo | loving | amorous | amōrōsus |
| Gmc *managaz Gmc *manigaz + *falþaz |
many manifold |
multiple | multi + plūs |
| Gmc *ga-makon | match | correspond | con + respondēre |
| WGmc *mainijan Gmc *be- + *taiknjanan Gmc *standanan + *fura |
mean betoken stand for |
intend signify |
intendere significare |
| Gmc *motijan | meet | encounter | incontrāre < in + contrā |
| Gmc *medjaz + *dagaz | midday | noon | nona |
| Old Norse mistaka | mistake | error | error (< errāre) |
| Gmc *mōdar + *likaz | motherly | maternal | māternus |
| Gmc *neujaz Gmc *friskaz Gmc *nū |
new fresh now |
novel modern |
novus modernus |
| Gmc *naχt + *likaz | nightly | nocturnal | nocturnus |
| WGmc *alda Gmc *stal-, *sta- Gmc *aldizo + *līkaz Gmc *jǣron |
old stale elderly of yore |
ancient | V.L. *anteanus < ante |
| Gmc *anþaraz Gmc *aljaz |
other else |
different alter- |
differre alterare |
| Gmc *ukhnaz Gmc *herþaz Gmc *stufō |
oven hearth stove |
kiln furnace |
culina fornax |
| Old English rād Gmc *wegaz Gmc *bulaz + *werkam |
road way bulwark, boulevard |
street | V.L. strata |
| Gmc *rutjan Gmc *be- + *fūljanan |
rot defile, befoul |
putrefy | putrefacere |
| Gmc *seχwan | see | perceive | per- + capere |
| Old Norse *sœma | seem | appear | apparere |
| Gmc *saljanan | sell | vend | vendere < venum + dare |
| Gmc *skapjanan | shape | form | forma |
| WGmc *skæpa Gmc *lambaz |
sheep lamb |
mutton | M.L. multō (< Celtic) |
| WGmc *skuttjan | shut | close | clausus |
| Gmc *skeuχ(w)az | shy | timid | timidus |
| Gmc *seχ(w) | sight | vision | vidēre/vīsum |
| Gmc *skaljo Gmc *krab-, kraf- |
skill craft |
art | ars |
| Gmc *skaljo + *fullaz | skillful | adept | adeptus < adipiscī |
| Gmc *slæpan | sleeping | dormant | dormīre |
| Gmc *smæl Gmc *lūtilaz Gmc *tindaz |
small little tiny |
minute | minūtus < minuere |
| Gmc *snakon Gmc *wurmiz |
snake worm |
serpent | serpens |
| Gmc *surgo Gmc *karō |
sorrow care |
grief | gravare < gravis |
| Gmc *sprekan Gmc *talo |
speak talk |
converse discourse |
con- + vertere dis- + currere |
| Gmc *swīnam Gmc *farhaz Gmc *sugō Old English *picg |
swine farrow sow pig |
pork | porcus |
| Gmc *taikijan WGmc *skauwojanan |
teach show |
educate | ēdūcāre < ēdūcere |
| Gmc *taljanan Gmc *makojanan *(ga)knēwanaz |
tell make known |
relate narrate |
relatus < re- + ferre narrare |
| Gmc *þankjan Gmc *(ga)þāχt- + *-fullaz |
thinking thoughtful |
pensive | pēnsāre |
| Gmc *(ga)þāχtan | thought | idea | idea |
| Gmc *þreutanan Gmc *pleg- Gmc *fēraz |
threat plight fear |
danger peril menace |
V.L. *dominarium < dominus periculum' minaciae < minari |
| Gmc *tungon Gmc *sprǣkijō |
tongue speech |
language | V.L. *linguaticum < L. lingua |
| Gmc *under + *standan Gmc *getanan Gmc *graipisōn |
understand get grasp |
comprehend | comprehendere |
| Gmc *up- + *luftijan Gmc *raizjan |
uplifting raising, rearing |
elevating | ē- + levāre |
| Gmc *utizon Gmc *sagjanan |
utter say |
pronounce | pro- + nuntsecuiare |
| Gmc *utizon WGmc *alnaz + *tō-gaduraz Gmc *fullīkō Gmc *hailaz +*līkō |
utterly altogether fully wholly |
totally | tōtālis |
| Gmc *wadjojan Gmc *mizdō, meidō Gmc *hūrja |
wage meed hire |
salary | salārium |
| Gmc *wakan Gmc *bīdanan Old English tergan |
wait, await bide tarry |
expect | ex + spectāre |
| Gmc *watskanan Gmc *klainisōn Gmc *hrainisōn |
wash cleanse rinse |
lave | lavare |
| Gmc *wakan Gmc *kōpjanan Gmc *behaldanan |
watch keep behold |
observe | ob + servāre |
| Gmc *wakan | watchful | vigilant | vigilāre |
| Gmc *weralþeilīkaz | worldly | secular | saeculāris |
| Gmc *wopijanan Gmc *grētanan Old Norse baula Old Norse vǣla |
weep greet (cry), regret bawl wail |
cry | quiritare |
| Gmc *westra | western | occidental | occidere |
| Gmc *(ga)χailaz | whole | entire | integer |
| Gmc *widas Gmc *braiþiþō |
width breadth |
latitude | latitūdō (< latus) |
| Gmc *wilthjiaz Gmc *faliz Gmc *grimmaz |
wild fell grim |
savage feral |
silvaticus < silva fera |
| Gmc *wisaz | wise | prudent | prudēns < providēns |
| Gmc *wunskjan Gmc *weljanan |
wish will |
desire | desiderāre |
| Old English wīfman + Gmc *likaz | womanly | feminine | femininus |
| Gmc *widuz Gmc *hulto- Gmc *walþuz |
wood (a wood) holt weald/wold |
forest | M.L. forestis |
| Gmc *werkan | work | labor | labor |
| Gmc *writanan + *unga Gmc *gawritan |
writing writ |
script | scrīptum < scrībere |
| Gmc *jǣram + *likaz | yearly | annual | annalis |
| WGmc *gelwa | yellow | ochre | ochra |
| WGmc *jugunthiz + *fullaz Gmc *jungas |
youthful young |
juvenile | iuvenis |
| Gmc *juwunthiz | youth | adolescence | adolescere < ad + alescere |
See also
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