This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic - in most cases these words are not cognates.
Source for checking: Online Etymology Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Online.
| Germanic source | Germanic | Latinate | Latin source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Old Norse angr Gmc *wraiþiþo |
anger wrath |
rage ire |
rabiēs īra |
| WGmc *aiskōn Gmc *besōkjanan |
ask beseech |
inquire request |
in + quaerere re + quaerere |
| Gmc *ga-waraz | aware | cognizant | cognoscere |
| Gmc *beforan | before | prior to | prior |
| WGmc *bi- + *ginnan | begin | commence | com + initiāre |
| Gmc *ga-laubjan | belief | creed | crēdere |
| Gmc *balgiz Gmc *hrefiz Gmc *wambō |
belly midriff womb |
abdomen | abdomen |
| Gmc *brōþar | brotherly | fraternal | frāternus |
| Old English byldan | build | construct | cōnstruere < com + struere |
| Old English bisig + nisse | business | affair | ad + facere |
| Gmc *bugjanan | buy | purchase | pro- + V.L. *captiare |
| WGmc *kalbam | calf | veal | vitellus, vitulus |
| Gmc *kilþam | child | infant | īnfāns |
| Gmc *keusanan | choose | opt | optare |
| Gmc *kaldaz | cold | frigid | frigidus |
| Gmc *kweman | come | arrive | ad + ripa |
| Gmc *kōuz | cow | beef cattle |
bōs/bovis V.L. capitale |
| Gmc *dagaz + *likaz | daily | diurnal | diurnalis |
| Gmc *daudaz + *likaz | deadly | mortal fatal |
mortālis fatum |
| Gmc *deuzam | deer | venison | venātiō/nis |
| Gmc *drengkan | drink | imbibe | imbibere < in + bibere |
| Gmc *dubon | dove | pigeon culver |
V.L. pibionem columbula |
| Gmc *erþō Gmc *landom |
earth land |
soil terrain |
solium terrenum < terra |
| Gmc *austra | eastern | oriental | orīri |
| Gmc *etanan | eat | dine | V.L. diseieunare < dis + ieiunare |
| Gmc *anðiōn | end | finish complete discontinue |
fīnīre complēre dis- + continuāre |
| Gmc *fastuz | fast | rapid | rapidus |
| Gmc *fadar + *likaz | fatherly | paternal | paternus |
| WGmc *fōljan | feeling | sentiment sensation |
sensus, sentiō |
| Gmc *fullijan + *up | fill up | replenish | re + plēnus |
| Gmc *furistaz | first | primary | prīmus |
| Gmc *floþuz | flood | inundate | inundāre < in + unda |
| Gmc *fulgian | follow | ensue | in- + sequi |
| Gmc *fur-*biudan | forbid | prohibit | prohibēre < pro + habēre inter + dicere, dictus |
| Gmc *fura + *taljanan | foretell | predict | praedīcere |
| Gmc *frijaz | freedom | liberty | lībertās < līber |
| Gmc *frijond + *likaz | friendly | amicable | amīcus |
| Gmc *gadurojan | gather | assemble | ad + simul |
| Gmc *giftiz | gift | present | prae- + essere |
| Gmc *geban | give | provide | pro + vidēre |
| Gmc *glaþaz | gladness | joy pleasure delight |
gaudium placēre dēlēctāre |
| Gmc *guþan | god | deity | deus |
| Gmc *gothaz | good | beneficial | beneficium |
| WGmc *gaian + Gmc *an | go on | proceed | pro- + cedere |
| WGmc *gronja | green | verdant | viridis |
| Gmc *getiskanan | guess | estimate | aestimare |
| Gmc *χarjaz + *berg Gmc *χafnaz |
harbour haven |
port | portus |
| Gmc *χatojanan | hate | detest | de- + testari |
| Gmc *χauχiþa | height | altitude | altitūdō (< altus) |
| Gmc *χelpan | help | assist | assistere < ad + sistere |
| WGmc *χannja | hen | pullet | pullus |
| Gmc *χulnis | hill | mount | mōns, montis |
| Gmc *aujo + *landom | island | isle | insula |
| WGmc *jukkjan | itch | irritate | irritāre |
| Old English cynd | kind | type class sort genre |
typus classis sors genera |
| Gmc *knoean | know | recognize | re + cognoscere |
| Gmc *latas | late | tardy | tardus |
| Gmc *laiþjan | leader | duke president |
dux praesidēns |
| Gmc *langiþo | length | longitude | longitūdō (< longus) |
| Gmc *legjan | lie (lie down) | repose recline |
re- + pausa re- + clinare |
| Gmc *lubo | loving | amorous | amōrōsus |
| Gmc *managaz | many | multiple | multi + plūs |
| Gmc *ga-makon | match | correspond | con + respondēre |
| WGmc *mainijan | mean | intend signify |
intendere significare |
| Gmc *motijan | meet | encounter | incontrāre < in + contrā |
| Gmc *medjaz + *dagaz | midday | noon | nona |
| Old Norse mistaka | mistake | error | error (< errāre) |
| Gmc *mōdar + *likaz | motherly | maternal | māternus |
| Gmc *neujaz | new | novel modern |
novus modernus |
| Gmc *naχt + *likaz | nightly | nocturnal | nocturnus |
| WGmc *alda | old | ancient | V.L. *anteanus < ante |
| Gmc *anþaraz | other | different alter- |
differre alterare |
| Gmc *ukhnaz | oven | kiln furnace |
culina fornax |
| Old English rād | road | street | V.L. strata |
| Gmc *rutjan | rot | putrefy | putrefacere |
| Gmc *seχwan | see | perceive | per- + capere |
| Old Norse *sœma | seem | appear | apparere |
| Gmc *saljanan | sell | vend | vendere < venum + dare |
| Gmc *skapjanan | shape | form | forma |
| WGmc *skæpa Gmc *lambaz |
sheep lamb |
mutton | med. L. multō |
| WGmc *skuttjan | shut | close | clausus |
| Gmc *skeuχ(w)az | shy | timid | timidus |
| Gmc *seχ(w) | sight | vision | vidēre/vīsum |
| Gmc *skaljo | skill | art | ars |
| Gmc *skaljo + *fullaz | skillful | adept | adeptus < adipiscī |
| Gmc *slæpan | sleeping | dormant | dormīre |
| Gmc *smæl | small | minute | minūtus < minuere |
| Gmc *snakon | snake | serpent | serpens |
| Gmc *surgo | sorrow | grief | gravare < gravis |
| Gmc *sprekan Gmc *talo |
speak talk |
converse discourse |
con- + vertere dis- + currere |
| Gmc *swīnam | swine | pork | porcus |
| Gmc *taikijan | teach | educate | ēdūcāre < ēdūcere |
| Gmc *taljanan | tell | relate narrate |
relatus < re- + ferre narrare |
| Gmc *þankjan | thinking | pensive | pēnsāre |
| Gmc *þankjan | thought | idea | idea |
| Gmc *þreutanan | threat | danger peril menace |
V.L. *dominarium < dominus periculum' minaciae < minari |
| Gmc *tungon | tongue | language | V.L. *linguaticum < L. lingua |
| Gmc *under + *standan | understand | comprehend | comprehendere |
| Gmc *up- + *luftijan | uplifting | elevating | ē- + levāre |
| Gmc *utizon | utter | pronounce | pro- + nuntsecuiare |
| Gmc *utizon | utterly | totally | tōtālis |
| Gmc *wadjojan | wage | salary | salārium |
| Gmc *wakan | wait | expect | ex + spectāre |
| Gmc *watskanan | wash | lave | lavare |
| Gmc *wakan | watch | observe | ob + servāre |
| Gmc *wakan | watchful | vigilant | vigilāre |
| Gmc *weltlich | worldly | secular | saeculāris |
| Gmc *wopijanan | weep | cry | quiritare |
| Gmc *westra | western | occidental | occidere |
| Gmc *(ga)χailaz | whole | entire | integer |
| Gmc *widas | width | latitude | latitūdō (< latus) |
| Gmc *wilthjiaz | wild | savage feral |
silvaticus < silva fera |
| Gmc *wisaz | wise | prudent | prudēns < providēns |
| Gmc *wunskjan | wish | desire | desiderāre |
| Old English wīfman + Gmc *likaz | womanly | feminine | femininus |
| Gmc *widuz | wood (a wood) | forest | M.L. forestis |
| Gmc *werkan | work | labor | labor |
| Gmc *writanan + *unga | writing | script | scrīptum < scrībere |
| Gmc *jæram + *likaz | yearly | annual | annalis |
| WGmc *gelwa | yellow | ochre | ochra |
| WGmc *jugunthiz + *fullaz | youthful | juvenile | iuvenis |
| Gmc *juwunthiz | youth | adolescence | adolescere < ad + alescere |
See also
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