The dating and sequence of the Hittite kings is compiled from fragmentary records, and all dates given here are approximate, relying on synchronisms with known chronologies for neighbouring countries. Little is known of the rulers of the Middle Kingdom period. The sequence largely follows Bryce (1998)[1], but the short (or low) chronology is used. McMahan (1989) lists Hattusili II and Tudhaliya III in inverse order. Bryce, among others, does not distinguish a Middle Kingdom. Instead he ends the Old Kingdom with Muwatalli I and begins the New Kingdom with Tudhaliya I. Nor is Tudhaliya "the Younger" generally included in Hittite king lists, as he was assassinated upon the death of his father, Tudhaliya II.
Contents |
Hattic
| Ruler | Reigned | Key events |
|---|---|---|
| Pamba | ca. early 22rd century BC (short) | king of Hatti |
| Pithana | ca. 17th century BC (short) | king of Kussara, conqueror of Neša |
| Piyusti | ca. 17th century BC (short) | king of Hatti, defeated by Anitta |
| Anitta | ca. 17th century BC (short) | king of Kussara, destroyer of Hattusa |
| (Tudhaliya) | ||
| (PU-Sarruma) |
Old Kingdom
| Ruler | Reigned | Key events |
|---|---|---|
| Labarna I | traditional founder, but may be legendary | |
| Hattusili I a.k.a. Labarna II | ca. 1586 – 1556 BC (short) | perhaps the first ruler to reoccupy Hattusa |
| Mursili I | ca. 1556 – 1526 BC (short) | sacked Babylon, ca. 1531 |
| Hantili I | ca. 1526 – 1496 BC (short) | |
| Zidanta I | ca. 1496 – 1486 BC (short) | |
| Ammuna | ca. 1486 – 1466 BC (short) | |
| Huzziya I | ca. 1466 – 1461 BC (short) | |
| Telepinu |
Middle Kingdom
Ruled ca. mid to late 15th century BC
| Ruler | Reigned | Key events |
|---|---|---|
| Alluwamna | ||
| Tahurwaili | ||
| Hantili II | ca. 1500-1450 B.C. | |
| Zidanta II | ||
| Huzziya II | ||
| Muwatalli I |
New Kingdom (Empire)
| Ruler | Reigned | Key events |
|---|---|---|
| Tudhaliya I | ||
| Arnuwanda I | ||
| Hattusili II (?) | the existence of Hattusili II is disputed | |
| Tudhaliya II | ca. 1360? – 1344 BC (short) | |
| Tudhaliya III "the Younger" | eldest son of Tudhaliya II, assassinated upon his father's death, it's not known if he actually ruled or not. He was Suppiluliuma I's older brother | |
| Suppiluliuma I | ca. 1344 – 1322 BC (short) | expanded the empire; mentioned in the Amarna letters |
| Arnuwanda II | ca. 1322 – 1321 BC (short) | |
| Mursili II | ca. 1321 – 1295 BC (short) | |
| Muwatalli II | ca. 1295 – 1272 BC (short) | Battle of Kadesh, ca. 1274 |
| Mursili III a.k.a. Urhi-Teshub | ca. 1272 – 1267 BC (short) | |
| Hattusili III | ca. 1267 – 1237 BC (short) | Peace treaty with Egypt, a copy of which is at the U.N., ca. 1258 |
| Tudhaliya IV | ca. 1237 – 1209 BC (short) | his cousin Kurunta fl. ca. 1228/7; Battle of Nihriya |
| Arnuwanda III | ca. 1209 – 1207 BC (short) | |
| Suppiluliuma II | ca. 1207 – 1178 BC (short) | fall of Hattusa, ca. 1178 |
See also
Notes
- ^ Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199240104.
References
- McMahon, G., Hittite History, Biblical Archaeologist 52 (1989), 62 - 77
External links
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