This is a List of Hungarian rulers from Árpád (895) through to the Horthy Regency (1944) and abolition (1946).
For a list of presidents, see List of heads of state of Hungary.
Contents |
Árpád leaders (c.858-c.907)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Árpáds | High Prince Álmos | c.858-c.895 | The first Hungarian leader, and father of Árpád. He strengthened the alliance between the other six Magyar tribal leaders. |
| Árpáds | Árpád | c.895–c.907 | Led the Magyars into Central Europe around 896.[1] According to the dual system of rulership (similar to the Khazars), he was the actual leader with Kurszán as religious head. |
Árpád grand princes (c.907-1000)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| The rulers of the first half of the 10th century are often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed are: | |||
| Szabolcs | c.907–? | ||
| Árpáds | Tarhos of Hungary | c.907–c.922 | |
| Árpáds | Zoltán of Hungary | c.907–c.947 | Also known as Zaltas. The youngest (fifth) son of Árpád, and Third Grand Prince of the Hungarians (Magyars). |
| Árpáds | Fajsz | c.947–c.955 | Also known as Fali or Falicsi. Son of Jutocsa (Jutas) the third son of Árpád. |
| Árpáds | Taksony | c.955–c.972 | Son of Zoltán (Zaltas) |
| Árpáds | Géza of Hungary | c.972–997 | Son of Taksony |
| Árpáds | Stephen I of Hungary (Szent István) |
997–1000 | Son of Géza. Last Grand Prince. |
Árpád (and local) kings (1000-1301)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Began | Ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Árpáds | Stephen I of Hungary (Szent István) |
1000 | 15 August 1038 | Son of Géza. Proclaimed the first King of Hungary. |
| Dynastic struggle 1038–1046 | ||||
| Orseolo | Peter Orseolo of Hungary (Orseolo Péter) |
15 August 1038 | 1041 | Also known as Peter I the Venetian. Grandson of Géza. Dethroned. |
| Sámuel Aba | Samuel Aba of Hungary (Aba Sámuel) | 1041 | 5 July 1044 | Leader of the Kabar tribe. Married Géza's daughter Gizella. |
| Orseolo | Peter Orseolo of Hungary | 1044 | 1046 | Reinstated, but dethroned again. |
| Vatha pagan rising 1046-1047 | ||||
| Árpáds | Andrew I of Hungary (András) | 1047 | 1061 | Árpád dynasty restored |
| Árpáds | Béla I of Hungary (Béla) | 1061 | August 1063 | brother of Andrew I |
| Árpáds | Solomon of Hungary (Salamon) | August 1063 | 28 October 1074 | son of Andrew I |
| Árpáds | Géza I of Hungary | 28 October 1074 | 25 April 1077 | son of Béla I |
| Árpáds | St. Ladislaus (Szent László) | 25 April 1077 | 29 July 1095 | son of Béla I |
| Árpáds | Coloman (Könyves Kálmán) | 29 July 1095 | 3 February 1116 | son of Géza I. |
| Árpáds | Stephen II | 3 February 1116 | 3 April 1131 | Son of Kálmán |
| Árpáds | Béla II the Blind (Vak Béla) | 3 April 1131 | 13 February 1141 | grandson of Géza I., son of Álmos, Kálmán's executed younger brother |
| Árpáds | Géza II | 13 February 1141 | 31 May 1162 | son of Béla II |
| Árpáds | Stephen III | 31 May 1162 | 4 March 1172 | son of Géza II |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus II | 31 May 1162 | 14 January 1163 | rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II. |
| Árpáds | Stephen IV | 14 January 1163 | June 1163 | rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II. |
| Árpáds | Béla III | 4 March 1172 | 13 April 1196 | younger brother of Stephen III. |
| Árpáds | Emeric (Imre) | 13 April 1196 | 30 November 1204 | son of Béla III. |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus III | 30 November 1204 | 7 May 1205 | son of Imre, crowned and died as a child |
| Árpáds | Andrew II | 7 May 1205 | 21 September 1235 | brother of Imre |
| Árpáds | Béla IV | 14 October 1235 | 3 May 1270 | son of Andrew II., the "second founder" after the First Mongol invasion (1241-42) |
| Árpáds | Stephen V | 3 May 1270 | 6 August 1272 | son of Béla IV. |
| Árpáds | Ladislaus IV the Cuman (Kun László) | 6 August 1272 | 10 July 1290 | son of Steven V.; unsuccessful Mongol invasion; lived with the nomad cuman tribes |
| Árpáds | Andrew III | 4 August 1290 | 14 January 1301 | grandson of Andrew II., born in Venice last of the Árpád dynasty |
Kings of different houses (1301-1526)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Began | Ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Přemyslid | Wenceslaus of Bohemia (Vencel) | 1301 | 1305 | King of Bohemia, elected as King of Hungary but not universally recognized |
| Wittelsbach | Otto of Bavaria (Béla V) (Ottó) or Béla V |
6 December 1305 | 1308 | Duke of Lower Bavaria, was not universally recognized |
| Angevin | Charles Robert I (Károly Róbert) |
20 August 1310 | 16 July 1342 | established the Angevin dynasty in Hungary. |
| Angevin | Louis I the Great (Nagy Lajos) |
16 July 1342 | 11 September 1382 | also King of Poland |
| Angevin | Maria I (I. Mária) | 11 September 1382 | 17 May 1395 | married Sigismund of Luxemburg |
| Angevin | Charles II the Small (Kis Károly) |
31 December 1385 | 24 February 1386 | also King of Naples, in opposition to Mary |
| Luxemburg | Sigismund (Zsigmond) | 31 March 1387 | 9 December 1437 | later also Roman-German King (since 1410), King of Bohemia (since 1419), Holy Roman Emperor (since 1433) |
| Habsburg | Albert | 1 January 1438 | 27 October 1439 | son-in-law Sigismund, also Roman-German King, King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria |
| Kingship disputed between Ulászló I and Ladislaus Posthumus | ||||
| Jagiellon | Ulászló I | 15 May 1440 | 10 November 1444 | also King of Poland |
| Habsburg | Ladislaus V Posthumus | 15 May 1440 | 23 November 1457 | born in 1440 after his father's death, spent most of his life in captivity. |
| Hunyadi | János Hunyadi | 1446 | 1453 | ruled as regent. Fought with great success against the Ottomans |
| Hunyadi | Matthias Corvinus (Corvin Mátyás) | 24 January 1458 | 6 April 1490 | son of János Hunyadi, also King of Bohemia |
| Jagiellon | Ulászló II | 15 July 1490 | 13 May 1516 | also King of Bohemia |
| Jagiellon | Louis II | 13 May 1516 | 29 August 1526 | also King of Bohemia; killed in the Battle of Mohács|- |
Habsburg Dynasty (1526-1780)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Began | Ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingship disputed between Ferdinand of Austria and John Zápolya during the Ottoman invasion | ||||
| Habsburg | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinánd) | 16 December 1526 | 25 July 1564 | Claimed the throne as brother-in-law of Louis II. |
| Szapolyai | János Szapolyai (Szapolyai János) | 10 November 1526 | 22 July 1540 | Also claimed the throne, with support of Hungarian nobles and later the Ottoman Sultan. |
| Szapolyai | John II Sigismund Zápolya (Szapolyai János Zsigmond) | 22 July 1540 | 16 August 1570 | son of János Szapolyai, but renounced his royal claim in 1570 in favour of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. |
| Hungary was effectively split into three parts: Royal Hungary in the north and west, Ottoman Hungary in the south, and the Principality of Transylvania in the east. The following, until 1699, gives the rulers of "Royal Hungary". | ||||
| Habsburg | Maximilian (I. Miksa) | 8 September 1563 | 12 October 1576 | |
| Habsburg | Rudolf I | 25 September 1572 | 26 June 1608 | |
| Habsburg | Matthias II (II. Mátyás) | 26 June 1608 | 20 March 1619 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand II | 1 July 1618 | 15 February 1637 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand III | 8 December 1625 | 2 April 1657 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand IV | 16 June 1647 | 9 July 1654 | |
| Habsburg | Leopold I (I. Lipót) | 27 June 1655 | 5 May 1705 | Habsburgs began colonization of Serbs (1690) and Germans (1682–1699) in Southern Hungary. |
| Hungary reunited under Habsburg rule after the Great Turkish War in 1699. | ||||
| Habsburg | Joseph I (I. József) | 9 December 1687 | 17 April 1711 | |
| Habsburg | Charles III (III. Károly) | 11 April 1711 | 20 October 1740 | Large scale German settlements in Hungary begin (1720–1800). |
| Habsburg | Maria II Theresa (II. Mária Terézia) | 20 October 1740 | 29 November 1780 | Enjoyed broad support of Hungarian nobles; |
Habsburg-Lothringen Dynasty (1780-1918)
| Affiliation | Ruler | Began | Ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habsburg | Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (II. József) |
29 November 1780 | 20 February 1790 | |
| Habsburg | Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (II. Lipót) |
20 February 1790 | 1 March 1792 | |
| Habsburg | Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (I. Ferenc) |
1 March 1792 | 2 March 1835 | |
| Habsburg | Ferdinand I of Austria (V. Ferdinánd) |
2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 | Being epileptic and mentally ill, abdicated in favour of his nephew, Franz Joseph (son of his younger brother Franz Karl). Died in 1875. |
| Habsburg | Franz Joseph I of Austria (I. Ferenc József) |
2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 | later regained the rule with Russian help in 1849. Crowned in 1867. |
| Habsburg | Charles I of Austria (IV. Károly) |
21 November 1916 | 16 November 1918 | Reigned until 1918, when he "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy until his death in 1922. |
Regency (1920-1944) and Dissolution (1946)
| Affiliation | Potrait | Ruler | Began | Ended | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regency |  |
Miklós Horthy | 1 March 1920 | 3 November 1944 | Navy admiral Horthy officially 'represented' the defunct Hungarian monarchy despite Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. The state was effectively a "kingdom without a king". Dethronization of Habsburgs enacted by Hungarian Parliament in 1921. |
References
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35973/Arpad-dynasty
- ^ Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998
- ^ Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938
- ^ Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563-1830, Tatran, 1986
- ^ Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885
- ^ Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied., 1985
External links
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