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The following is a list of notable high voltage direct current power transmission projects. This is a sortable table. Click on column icon to sort by other keys.
Table
Notes:
- B2B = "Back to Back" HVDC
- IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
- Thury = Series-connected generators according Thury
- Merc = Mercury arc valve rectifier and inverter
- Thyr = Thyristor rectifier and inverter
- To find by location, sort by "Converter Station 1", and look for the country name of either end of the connection that sorts first. If available, coordinates of stations are also listed.
- "Cable" means undersea or underground cable.
| Name | Converter Station 1 | Converter Station 2 | Cable (km) | Overhead line (km) | Voltage (kV) | Power (MW) | Year | Type | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission | Germany - Miesbach | Germany - Munich | 57 | 2 | 0.0025 | 1882 | Single machine | Demonstration facility, dismantled | |
| Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme | Italy - Gorzente River | Italy - Genoa | ? | ? | 6 | ? | 1889 | Thury | upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km, dismantled |
| La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme | Switzerland - ? | Switzerland - ? | ? | ? | 14 | ? | 1897 | Thury | dismantled |
| St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme | Switzerland - St. Maurice | Switzerland - Lausanne | ? | ? | 22 | 3.7 | 1899 | Thury | dismantled |
| Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme | France - Lyon | France - Moutiers | 10 | 190 | ±75 | 30 | 1906 | Thury | dismantled in 1936 |
| Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme | UK - Wilesden | UK - Ironbridge | 22.5 | ? | 100 | ? | 1910 | Thury | dismantled (when?) |
| Chambéry DC transmission scheme | France - ? | France - ? | ? | ? | 150 | ? | 1925 | Thury | dismantled in 1937 |
| Mechanicville, New York | US - Mechanicville,NY 42°54′45″N 73°40′49″W / 42.9125°N 73.68028°W | US - Schenectaday, NY | 37 | 12 | 5 | 1932 | Merc | experimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz, dismantled after WW II[1] | |
| Carnegie Steel Company B2B | USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | ? | ? | ? | Merc | built for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled [1] | ||
| HVDC Zurich-Wettingen | Switzerland - Wettingen 47°27′25″N 8°19′15″E / 47.45694°N 8.32083°E | Switzerland - Zurich | 20 | 50 | 0.5 | 1939 | Merc | experimental facility built by BBC, dismantled | |
| HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit | Germany - Berlin-Moabit | Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg | 4.6 | 100 | 14 | 1942 | Merc | experimental facility built by Siemens, dismantled in 1945 | |
| Lehrte-Misburg HVDC | Germany - Lehrte 52°22′54″N 9°55′03″E / 52.38167°N 9.9175°E | Germany - Hannover/Misburg | ? | 80 | 16 | 1944 | Merc | experimental facility, dismantled | |
| Elbe-Project | Germany , Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E | Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E | 115 | 0 | 200 | 60 | 1945 | Merc | never placed in service, dismantled |
| HVDC Trollhattan-Merud | Sweden - Trollhattan | Sweden - Merud | 50 | 45 | 6.5 | 1946 | Merc | experimental facility built by ASEA, dismantled | |
| Moscow-Kashira | Russia - Moscow | Russia - Kashira | 100 | 200 | 30 | 1951 | Merc | built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project, shut down (when?) | |
| Gotland 1 | Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.6475°E | Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E | 98 | 200 | 20 | 1954 | Merc | shut down in February 1986 | |
| Cross-Channel | France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E | UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.915°N 0.94722°E | 64 | 100 | 160 | 1961 | Merc | shut down in 1984 | |
| Volgograd-Donbass | Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E | Russia - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E | 475 | 400 | 750 | 1964 | Merc | ||
| Konti-Skan 1 | Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09°E | Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E | 87 | 89 | 250 | 250 | 1964 | Merc | replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors |
| Sakuma B2B | Japan - Sakuma 35°05′26″N 137°48′17″E / 35.09056°N 137.80472°E | Japan - Sakuma 35°05′26″N 137°48′17″E / 35.09056°N 137.80472°E | 125 | 300 | 1965 | Merc | replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors | ||
| HVDC Inter-Island | NZ - Benmore 44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E / 44.56528°S 170.19°E | NZ - Haywards 41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E / 41.15028°S 174.98111°E | 40 | 535 | 270 | 1200 | 1965 | Merc | upgraded in 1991. Pole 1 of this system still uses mercury arc rectifiers, one of the last such systems in the world to continue with this technology. Pole 2 is thyristor bridge. |
| SACOI 1 | Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.695°E | France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E | 304 | 118 | 200 | 200 | 1965 | Merc | replaced in 1986 by thyristors, multiterminal scheme |
| Vancouver Island 1 | Canada - Delta, BC 49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W / 49.09194°N 123.04194°W | Canada - North Cowichan, BC 48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W / 48.8275°N 123.71528°W | 42 | 33 | 260 | 312 | 1968 | Merc | |
| Pacific DC Intertie | US - Oregon - Celilo 45°35′39″N 121°6′51″W / 45.59417°N 121.11417°W | US - California - Sylmar 34°18′39″N 118°29′21″W / 34.31083°N 118.48917°W , 34°18′42″N 118°28′53″W / 34.31167°N 118.48139°W | 1362 | 500 | 3100 | 1970 | Merc | transmission voltage until 1984 400kV, maximum transmission 1440 MW power until 1982 1440 MW, from 1982 to 1984 1600 MW, from 1984 to 1989 2000 MW, mercury arc rectifiers replaced in 2004 by photothyristors. Original supplier ASEA/GE. 1989 upgrade by ABB.[2] | |
| Nelson River Bipole 1 | Canada - Gillam 56°21′41″N 94°36′48″W / 56.36139°N 94.61333°W | Canada - Rosser, Manitoba 49°59′34″N 97°25′42″W / 49.99278°N 97.42833°W | 895 | 450 | 1620 | 1971 | Merc | Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built. Poles converted to thyristors in 1993, 2004. | |
| Eel River B2B | Canada- Eel River, NB 48°01′05″N 66°26′39″W / 48.01806°N 66.44417°W | Canada- Eel River, NB 48°01′05″N 66°26′39″W / 48.01806°N 66.44417°W | 80 | 320 | 1972 | Thyr | |||
| Kingsnorth | UK- Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E | UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W ; London-Willesden 51°32′41″N 0°15′29″W / 51.54472°N 0.25806°W | 85 | 266 | 640 | 1975 | Merc | shut down in 1987 | |
| Shin Shinano B2B | Japan - Shin Shinano 36°08′14″N 137°52′58″E / 36.13722°N 137.88278°E | Japan - Shin Shinano 36°08′14″N 137°52′58″E / 36.13722°N 137.88278°E | 125 | 600 | 1977 | Thyr | |||
| Square Butte | US - Center, ND (Young) 47°4′18″N 101°11′45″W / 47.07167°N 101.19583°W | US - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead) 46°46′25″N 92°17′39″W / 46.77361°N 92.29417°W | 749 | 250 | 500 | 1977 | Thyr | ||
| Vancouver Island 2 | Canada - Delta, BC 49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W / 49.09194°N 123.04194°W | Canada - North Cowichan, BC 48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W / 48.8275°N 123.71528°W | 33 | 42 | 280 | 370 | 1977 | Thyr | |
| Cross-Skagerak 1 + 2 | Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E | Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26°N 7.89861°E | 130 | 100 | 250 | 500 | 1977 | Thyr | |
| David A. Hamil B2B | USA- Stegall, Nebraska 41°49′15″N 103°56′32″W / 41.82083°N 103.94222°W | USA- Stegall, Nebraska 41°49′15″N 103°56′32″W / 41.82083°N 103.94222°W | ±50 | 100 | 1977 | Thyr | |||
| Cahora Bassa | Mozambique - Songo 15°36′41″S 32°44′59″E / 15.61139°S 32.74972°E | South Africa - Apollo 25°55′11″S 28°16′34″E / 25.91972°S 28.27611°E | 1420 | 533 | 1920 | 1979 | Thyr | First HVDC with voltage above 500kV | |
| CU | US- Underwood, ND (Coal Creek) 47°22′24″N 101°9′23″W / 47.37333°N 101.15639°W |
US- Rockford, MN (Dickinson) 45°6′40″N 93°48′36″W / 45.11111°N 93.81°W | 710 | 400 | 1000 | 1979 | Thyr | ||
| Hokkaido-Honshu | Japan- Hakodate 41°55′55″N 140°39′47″E / 41.93194°N 140.66306°E | Japan - Kamikita 35°05′26″N 137°48′17″E / 35.09056°N 137.80472°E | 44 | 149 | 250 | 300 | 1979 | Thyr | |
| Acaray B2B | Paraguay - Ciudad de Este 25°27′26″S 54°37′26″W / 25.45722°S 54.62389°W | Paraguay - Ciudad de Este 25°27′26″S 54°37′26″W / 25.45722°S 54.62389°W | 25.6 | 50 | 1981 | Thyr | |||
| Vyborg B2B | Russia - Vyborg 60°40′49″N 28°55′7″E / 60.68028°N 28.91861°E | Russia - Vyborg 60°40′49″N 28°55′7″E / 60.68028°N 28.91861°E | 85 | 1065 | 1982 | Thyr | |||
| Inga-Shaba | Zaire - Kolwezi 10°39′27″S 25°27′08″E / 10.6575°S 25.45222°E | Zaire - Inga 05°30′07″S 13°35′16″E / 5.50194°S 13.58778°E) | 1700 | 500 | 560 | 1982 | Thyr | ||
| Dürnrohr B2B | Austria - Dürnrohr 48°19′45″N 15°52′57″E / 48.32917°N 15.8825°E | Austria - Dürnrohr 48°19′45″N 15°52′57″E / 48.32917°N 15.8825°E | 145 | 550 | 1983 | Thyr | shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007 | ||
| Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2B | US- Artesia, NM 32°48′51.7″N 104°14′29.6″W / 32.814361°N 104.241556°W | US - Artesia, NM 32°48′51.7″N 104°14′29.6″W / 32.814361°N 104.241556°W | 82 | 200 | 1983 | Thyr | |||
| Gotland 2 | Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.6475°E | Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E | 92.9 | 6.6 | 150 | 130 | 1983 | Thyr | |
| Chateauguay B2B | Saint-Constant - Châteauguay 45°15′11″N 73°52′11″W / 45.25306°N 73.86972°W | Saint-Constant - Châteauguay 45°15′11″N 73°52′11″W / 45.25306°N 73.86972°W | 140 | 1000 | 1984 | Thyr | |||
| Oklaunion B2B | US- Oklaunion, TX 34°5′6″N 99°11′1″W / 34.085°N 99.18361°W | US- Oklaunion, TX 34°5′6″N 99°11′1″W / 34.085°N 99.18361°W | 82 | 200 | 1984 | Thyr | |||
| Blackwater, New Mexico B2B | US- Blackwater, NM 34°18′3″N 103°10′27″W / 34.30083°N 103.17417°W | US- Blackwater, NM 34°18′3″N 103°10′27″W / 34.30083°N 103.17417°W | 57 | 200 | 1984 | Thyr | |||
| Itaipu 2 | Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná 25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W / 25.46611°S 54.5425°W | Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo 23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W / 23.66722°S 47.10528°W | 805 | 600 | 3150 | 1984 | Supplier:ABB| | ||
| Itaipu 1 | Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná 25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W / 25.46611°S 54.5425°W | Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo 23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W / 23.66722°S 47.10528°W | 785 | 600 | 3150 | 1984 | Supplier:ABB| | ||
| Nelson River Bipole 2 | Canada - Sundance 56°30′14″N 94°8′24″W / 56.50389°N 94.14°W | Canada - Rosser 49°59′34″N 97°25′42″W / 49.99278°N 97.42833°W | 937 | 500 | 1800 | 1985 | Thyr | ||
| Madawaska, Quebec B2B | Canada- Degelis 47°30′31″N 68°31′25″W / 47.50861°N 68.52361°W | Degelis 47°30′31″N 68°31′25″W / 47.50861°N 68.52361°W | 140 | 350 | 1985 | Thyr | |||
| Miles City, Montana B2B | US - Miles City 46°24′49″N 105°47′38″W / 46.41361°N 105.79389°W | US - Miles City 46°24′49″N 105°47′38″W / 46.41361°N 105.79389°W | 82 | 200 | 1985 | Thyr | |||
| Highgate, VT B2B | US - Highgate, Vermont 44°56′17″N 73°3′15″W / 44.93806°N 73.05417°W | US - Highgate, VT 44°56′17″N 73°3′15″W / 44.93806°N 73.05417°W | 56 | 200 | 1985 | Thyr | |||
| Cross-Channel (new) | France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E | UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E | 72 | 270 | 2000 | 1986 | Thyr | 2 bipolar systems | |
| Path 27 | US - Intermountain, Utah 39°30′2″N 112°34′51″W / 39.50056°N 112.58083°W | US - Adelanto, California 34°33′4″N 117°26′14″W / 34.55111°N 117.43722°W | 785 | 500 | 1920 | 1986 | Thyr | ||
| Uruguaiana B2B | Brazil - Uruguaiana 29°48′22″S 57°0′17″W / 29.80611°S 57.00472°W | Brazil - Uruguaiana 29°48′22″S 57°0′17″W / 29.80611°S 57.00472°W | 17.9 | 53.9 | 1986 | Thyr | |||
| Broken Hill B2B | Australia - Broken Hill 31°59′10″S 141°25′9″E / 31.98611°S 141.41917°E | Australia - Broken Hill 31°59′10″S 141°25′9″E / 31.98611°S 141.41917°E | 8.33 | 40 | 1986 | Thyr | |||
| Gotland 3 | Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.6475°E | Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E | 98 | 150 | 130 | 1987 | Thyr | ||
| HVDC Zhoushan | Ningbo - China | Gao Tongge - China | 12 | 42 | 100 | 50 | 1987 | Thy | |
| Konti-Skan 2 | Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09°E | Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E | 87 | 60 | 285 | 300 | 1988 | Thyr | |
| Virginia Smith B2B | US - Sidney, Nebraska 41°9′51″N 102°59′15″W / 41.16417°N 102.9875°W | US - Sidney, Nebraska 41°9′51″N 102°59′15″W / 41.16417°N 102.9875°W | 500 | 200 | 1988 | Thyr | [3] | ||
| Gezhouba - Shanghai "GeSha" or "Ge-Nan" | China - Gezhouba 30°43′44″N 111°14′39″E / 30.72889°N 111.24417°E | China - Nan Qiao 30°57′22″N 121°24′48″E / 30.95611°N 121.41333°E | 1046 | 500 | 1200 | 1989 | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens[4] | |
| Fenno-Skan | Finland - Rauma 61°9′7″N 21°37′31″E / 61.15194°N 21.62528°E | Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°8′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E | 200 | 33 | 400 | 500 | 1989 | Thyr | |
| Vindhyachal B2B | India - Vindhyachal 24°05′38″N 82°40′44″E / 24.09389°N 82.67889°E | India - Vindhyachal 24°05′38″N 82°40′44″E / 24.09389°N 82.67889°E | 176 | 500 | 1989 | Thyr | |||
| Sileru-Barsoor | India - Sileru 17°52′01″N 81°39′21″E / 17.86694°N 81.65583°E | India - Barsoor 19°8′20″N 81°23′47″E / 19.13889°N 81.39639°E | 196 | 200 | 400 | 1989 | Thyr | ||
| McNeill B2B | Canada - Mc Neill, Alberta 50°35′56″N 110°01′25″W / 50.59889°N 110.02361°W | Canada - Mc Neill, Alberta 50°35′56″N 110°01′25″W / 50.59889°N 110.02361°W | 42 | 150 | 1989 | Thyr | |||
| Quebec - New England Transmission | Canada - Radisson, Quebec 53°43′33″N 77°44′17″W / 53.72583°N 77.73806°W | Canada - Nicolet, Quebec 46°04′47″N 72°14′58″W / 46.07972°N 72.24944°W; Canada - Des Cantons, Quebec 45°33′44″N 71°57′01″W / 45.56222°N 71.95028°W; USA - Comerford, NH 44°19′9″N 71°59′35″W / 44.31917°N 71.99306°W; USA - James Bay, MA 42°34′13″N 71°31′27″W / 42.57028°N 71.52417°W |
5 | 1100 | 450 | 2000 | 1991 | Thyr | Multiterminal- 3 terminals. Supplier:ABB.[2] |
| Rihand-Delhi | India - Rihand 24°01′13″N 82°47′21″E / 24.02028°N 82.78917°E | India - Dadri 28°35′36″N 77°36′16″E / 28.59333°N 77.60444°E | 814 | 500 | 1500 | 1992 | Thyr | ||
| Inter-Island NZ 2 | NZ - Benmore 44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E / 44.56528°S 170.19°E | NZ - Haywards 41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E / 41.15028°S 174.98111°E | 40 | 570 | 350 | 640 | 1992 | Thyr | |
| Wolmirstedt B2B | Germany - Wolmirstedt 52°16′21″N 11°38′10″E / 52.2725°N 11.63611°E | Germany - Wolmirstedt 52°16′21″N 11°38′10″E / 52.2725°N 11.63611°E | 160 | 600 | (1992) | Thyr | construction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard | ||
| SACOI 2 | Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.695°E | France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E | 118 | 304 | 200 | 300 | 1992 | Thyr | multiterminal scheme |
| Etzenricht B2B | Germany - Etzenricht 49°37′51″N 12°6′56″E / 49.63083°N 12.11556°E | Germany - Etzenricht 49°37′51″N 12°6′56″E / 49.63083°N 12.11556°E | 160 | 600 | 1993 | Thyr | shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009 | ||
| Vienna-Southeast B2B | Austria - Vienna 48°7′19″N 16°25′5″E / 48.12194°N 16.41806°E | Austria - Vienna 48°7′19″N 16°25′5″E / 48.12194°N 16.41806°E | 142 | 600 | 1993 | Thyr | shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007 | ||
| Cross-Skagerak 3 | Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E | Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26°N 7.89861°E | 130 | 100 | 350 | 500 | 1993 | Thyr | |
| Baltic-Cable | Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′45″N 10°48′8″E / 53.89583°N 10.80222°E | Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E | 250 | 12 | 450 | 600 | 1994 | Thyr | |
| Kontek | Denmark - Bjaeverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′26″E / 55.45028°N 12.00722°E | Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E | 170 | 400 | 600 | 1996 | Thyr | ||
| Haenam-Cheju | SouthKorea - Haenam 34°22′03″N 126°35′34″E / 34.3675°N 126.59278°E | SouthKorea - Jeju 33°32′06″N 126°35′44″E / 33.535°N 126.59556°E | 101 | 180 | 300 | 1996 | Thyr | ||
| Chandrapur - Padghe | India-Chandrapur 20°0′36″N 79°17′06″E / 20.01°N 79.285°E | India - Padghe 19°21′30″N 73°11′21″E / 19.35833°N 73.18917°E | 0 | 900 | 500 | 1500 | 1997 | Thyr | |
| Hellsjön-Grängesberg | Sweden - Hellsjoen 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E | Sweden - Graengesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E | 10 | 180 | 3 | 1997 | IGBT | experimental HVDC | |
| Leyte - Luzon | Philippines - Ormoc, Leyte 11°5′19″N 124°38′21″E / 11.08861°N 124.63917°E | Naga, Camarines Sur | 21 | 430 | 400 | 1600 MW | 1998 | Thyr | |
| Chandrapur B2B | India-Chandrapur 20°5′32″N 79°8′32″E / 20.09222°N 79.14222°E | India-Chandrapur 20°5′32″N 79°8′32″E / 20.09222°N 79.14222°E | 0 | 0 | 205 | 1000 | 1998 | Thyr | |
| Welch-Monticello B2B | US - Welch-Monticello, TX 33°03′30.3″N 94°50′36.54″W / 33.058417°N 94.8434833°W Welch Plant 33°03′29″N 94°50′38″W / 33.05806°N 94.84389°W | US - Welch-Monticello, TX 33°03′29″N 94°50′38″W / 33.05806°N 94.84389°W Monticello Plant 33°05′29.7″N 95°02′19.92″W / 33.091583°N 95.0388667°W | 162 | 600 | 1998 | Thyr | |||
| Vizag I | India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka 17°38′33″N 83°7′57″E / 17.6425°N 83.1325°E | India - Gazuwaka 17°38′33″N 83°7′57″E / 17.6425°N 83.1325°E | 176 | 500 | 1999 | Thyr | |||
| Minami-Fukumitsu B2B | Japan - Minami- Fukumitsu 36°29′46″N 136°54′57″E / 36.49611°N 136.91583°E | Japan - Minami- Fukumitsu 36°29′46″N 136°54′57″E / 36.49611°N 136.91583°E | 125 | 300 | 1999 | Thyr | |||
| Visby-Nas | Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E | Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.355°E | 70 | 80 | 50 | 1999 | Thyr | ||
| Kii Channel | Japan - Anan 33°49′40″N 134°38′14″E / 33.82778°N 134.63722°E | Japan - Kihoku 34°12′50″N 135°30′07″E / 34.21389°N 135.50194°E | 50 | 50 | 500 | 1400 | 2000 | Thyr | |
| SwePol | Poland - Bruskowo Wielkie 54°30′6″N 16°53′29″E / 54.50167°N 16.89139°E | Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′10″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15278°N 14.84139°E | 245 | 450 | 600 | 2000 | Thyr | ||
| Garabi HVDC back-to-back station | Brazil- Garabi 28°15′19″S 55°40′18″W / 28.25528°S 55.67167°W | Brazil- Garabi 28°15′19″S 55°40′18″W / 28.25528°S 55.67167°W | ±70 | 400 | 2000 | Thyr | |||
| Directlink | Australia - Mullumbimby 28°34′15″S 153°27′8″E / 28.57083°S 153.45222°E | Australia - Bungalora 28°15′20″S 153°28′20″E / 28.25556°S 153.47222°E | 59 | 80 | 180 | 2000 | IGBT | land cable | |
| Eagle Pass, Texas B2B | US - Eagle Pass, TX 28°42′58.8″N 100°29′26.88″W / 28.716333°N 100.4908°W | US - Eagle Pass, TX 28°42′58.8″N 100°29′26.88″W / 28.716333°N 100.4908°W | 15.9 | 36 | 2000 | IGBT | |||
| Tjæreborg | Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E | Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56°E | 4.3 | 9 | 7 | 2000 | IGBT | interconnection to wind power generating stations | |
| Tianshengqiao - Guangzhou "Tian-Guang" or TSQ | China - Tianshengqiao | China - Beijiao | 960 | 500 | 1800 | 2001 | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens [4] | |
| Italy-Greece | Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.1833333°N 20.96333°E | Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E | 200 | 110 | 400 | 500 | 2001 | Thyr | |
| Moyle | UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W | UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′35″N 5°46′14″W / 54.84306°N 5.77056°W | 63.5 | 250 | 250 | 2001 | Thyr | ||
| East South-II ESI II | India - Talcher, Orissa 21°06′01″N 85°03′49″E / 21.10028°N 85.06361°E | India - Kolar, Karnataka 13°10′39″N 78°7′0″E / 13.1775°N 78.116667°E | 1450 | 500 | 2000 | 2002 | Thyr | [3] | |
| Cross Sound Cable | US - New Haven, CT 41°17′12″N 72°54′8″W / 41.28667°N 72.90222°W | US - Shoreham, Long Island 40°57′33″N 72°52′3″W / 40.95917°N 72.8675°W | 40 | 150 | 330 | 2002 | IGBT | buried underwater cable | |
| Thailand-Malaysia | Thailand - Khlong Ngae 6°42′56″N 100°27′8″E / 6.71556°N 100.45222°E | Malaysia - Gurun 5°48′45″N 100°32′6″E / 5.8125°N 100.535°E | 110 | 300 | 300 | 2002 | Thyr | ||
| Three Gorges-Changzhou | China - Longquan | China - Zhengping 31°36′42″N 119°59′27″E / 31.61167°N 119.99083°E | 860 | 500 | 3000 | 2003 | Thyr | From north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid. Supplier:ABB/Siemens [2][4][5] | |
| Sasaram B2B | India-Sasaram 24°56′31″N 83°58′17″E / 24.94194°N 83.97139°E? | India-Sasaram 24°56′31″N 83°58′17″E / 24.94194°N 83.97139°E? | 0 | 0 | 205 | 500 | 2003 | Thyr | |
| Rapid City DC Tie B2B | US - Rapid City, South Dakota 44°00′37″N 103°9′54″W / 44.01028°N 103.165°W | US - Rapid City, South Dakota 44°00′37″N 103°9′54″W / 44.01028°N 103.165°W | 13 | 200 | 2003 | Thyr | [2] | ||
| Guizhou-Guangdong I GuG I | China - Anshun, Guizhou 26°16′23″N 105°48′21″E / 26.27306°N 105.80583°E | China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong | 980 | 500 | 3000 | 2004 | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens[2][4] | |
| Three Gorges-Guangdong - Huizhou | China - Jingzhou | China - Huizhou 23°16′15″N 114°12′5″E / 23.27083°N 114.20139°E | 940 | 500 | 3000 | 2004 | Thyr | Huizhou is 120 km east of Guangzhou.[6] Supplier = ABB [2] | |
| HVDC Troll | Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E | Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.6666667°N 3.6666667°E | 70 | 60 | 80 | 2004 | IGBT | power supply for offshore gas compressor. Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| Basslink | Australia - LoyYang 38°15′45″S 146°36′29″E / 38.2625°S 146.60806°E | Australia - GeorgeTown, Tasmania 41°7′40″S 146°53′6″E / 41.12778°S 146.885°E | 298.3 | 71.8 | 400 | 600 | 2005 | Thyr | [3] One of the longest HVDC cable in Operation, see also NorNed.[7] |
| Visakhapatnam B2B Vizag II | India - Visakhapatnam 17°38′26″N 83°8′10″E / 17.64056°N 83.13611°E | India - Visakhapatnam 17°38′26″N 83°8′10″E / 17.64056°N 83.13611°E | 176 | 500 | 2005 | Thyr | Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids.[8] | ||
| Lingbao B2B | China - Lingbao 34°29′31″N 110°53′00″E / 34.49194°N 110.8833333°E | China - Lingbao 34°29′31″N 110°53′00″E / 34.49194°N 110.8833333°E | 168 | 360 | 2005 | Thyr | |||
| Lamar Co., Colorado B2B | US- Lamar Co., CO 38°12′25.08″N 102°31′43.92″W / 38.2069667°N 102.5288667°W | US- Lamar Co., CO 38°12′25.08″N 102°31′43.92″W / 38.2069667°N 102.5288667°W | 63.6 | 210 | 2005 | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC)[9] | ||
| Three Gorges-Shanghai | China - Yidu 30°31′45″N 111°22′35″E / 30.52917°N 111.37639°E | China - Shanghai 31°14′13″N 121°11′13″E / 31.23694°N 121.18694°E | 900 | 500 | 3000 | 2006 | Thyr | Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| Estlink | Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E | Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E | 105 | 150 | 350 | 2006 | IGBT | Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| Higashi-Shimuzu B2B | Japan - Shimuzu 35°03′24″N 138°29′58″E / 35.05667°N 138.49944°E | Japan - Shimuzu 35°03′24″N 138°29′58″E / 35.05667°N 138.49944°E | 125 | 300 | 2006 | Thyr | |||
| Guizhou-Guangdong II GuG II | China - ? | China - ? | 1225 | 500 | 3000 | 2007 | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens [2][4] | |
| Neptune | US - Long Island (Hicksville) NY 40°45′38″N 73°33′4″W / 40.76056°N 73.55111°W | US-Sayreville, NJ 40°28′25.38″N 74°21′11.1″W / 40.4737167°N 74.353083°W | 105 | 500 | 660 | 2007 | Thyr | Supplier:Siemens [2][10] | |
| Sharyland B2B | US - Sharyland, TX 26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W / 26.16694°N 98.32361°W | US - Sharyland, TX 26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W / 26.16694°N 98.32361°W | 21 | 150 | 2007 | Thyr | |||
| Al Fadhili B2B | Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili 26°54′3″N 49°21′3″E / 26.90083°N 49.35083°E | Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili 26°54′3″N 49°21′3″E / 26.90083°N 49.35083°E | 1800 | 2008 | Thyr | [3] | |||
| NorNed | Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E | Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E | 580 | 450 | 700 | 2008 | Thyr | Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| Levis De-Icer | Canada - Levis 46°42′34″N 71°11′29″W / 46.70944°N 71.19139°W | Canada - Levis 46°42′34″N 71°11′29″W / 46.70944°N 71.19139°W | 27 to 242 | ±17.4 | 250 | 2008 | Thyr | Facility for overhead powerline de-icing. Normal operation: SVC | |
| Ballia-Bhiwadi | India - Ballia | India - Bhiwadi | 780 | 500 | 2500 | 2009* | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens [2][11] | |
| Outaouais B2B | Canada - Outaouais | Canada - Outaouais | 315 | 625 MW (2x) | 2009 | Thyr | Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB [2] | ||
| Sapei | Italy mainland | Italy - Sardinia | 440 | 500 | 500 | 2009* | Thyr | Expected completion 2009-08. Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| NordE.ON 1 | Germany - Diele 53°7′32″N 7°18′44″E / 53.12556°N 7.31222°E | Germany - Borkum 2 platform 54°0′0″N 6°37′24″E / 54°N 6.62333°E | 203 | 150 | 400 | 2009 | IGBT | Supplier:ABB [12] | |
| HVDC Valhall | Norway - Lista | Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform | 292 | 150 | 78 | 2009 | IGBT | ||
| Xianjiaba - Shanghai | China - Xianjiaba | China - Shanghai | 2071 | 800 | 6400 | 2010* | Thyr | Expected completion 2010 monopole, 2011 for bipole. Supplier:ABB [2] | |
| Yunnan - Guangdong | China - Yunnan province | China - Guangdong | 1400 | 800 | 5000 | 2010* | Thyr | Supplier: Siemens [4] | |
| BritNed | UK - Grain | Netherlands - Maasvlakte | 245 | 450 | 1000 | 2010* | Thyr | Expected completion 2010. Supplier:Siemens [2] | |
| StoreBaelt | Denmark- Fraugde 55°21′56″N 10°30′14″E / 55.36556°N 10.50389°E | Denmark- Herslev ~55°32′N 11°19′E / 55.533°N 11.317°E | 56 | 400 | 600 MW | 2010* | Thyr | Expected completion 2010. Supplier:Siemens [2] | |
| Trans Bay Cable / San Francisco Bay | US - East Bay - Oakland, CA 38°01′5.04″N 121°51′2.7″W / 38.0180667°N 121.85075°W | US - San Francisco, CA 37°45′8.76″N 122°22′57.9″W / 37.7524333°N 122.38275°W | 88 | 200 | 400 | 2010 | IGBT | expected start=up: 2010; Supplier: Siemens & Pirelli; | |
| Caprivi Link | Namibia - Gerus | Namibia - Zambezi | 970 | 500 | 300 | 2010 | IGBT | ||
| Rivera B2B | Uruguay - Melo | Uruguay - Melo | ± 20 kV | 70 MW | 2010 | Thyr | Expected completion 2010 Supplier:Areva | ||
| Cometa | Spain - Valencia | Spain - Mallorca | 247 | 250 | 400 MW | 2011* | Thyr | Expected completion 2011. Supplier:PRYSMIAN/NEXANS/Siemens [2] | |
| Sumatera - Jawa | Indonesia - Jawa | Indonesia - Sumatera | 700 | 500 | 3000 MW | 2011* | Thyr | Expected completion 2011. Supplier:? [2] | |
| Jindo - Jeju | Korea- Jeju | Korea - Jindo | 119 | 250 | 200 MW (2x) | 2011* | Thyr | Expected completion 2011 Supplier:? [2] | |
| East West Interconnector | Ireland - Leinster | UK - Anglesea, Wales | 130 | 500 | 2012 | Planned completion 2012. 2 alternative plans under consideration. | |||
| Biswanath- Agra | India - Biswanath | India - Agra | 1825 | 800 | 6000 | 2012* | Thyr | Expected completion 2011-2012 bipole [14] | |
| HVDC Ekibastuz-Centre | Kazhakstan - Ekibastus | Russia-Tambov | 2400 | 750 | 6000 | ? | Thyr | unfinished | |
| Bakun HVDC | Malaysia - Similajau | Malaysia - Bentong | 670 | 1030 | 500 | ? | ? | Thyr | unfinished |
Maps
Europe
- Iceland – UK (option), 1100MW
- Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
- Norway – UK (option), 1200MW
- Viking cable (option): Germany – Norway, 600MW
- Kattegat (option): Norway – Zealand Island, Denmark; or Norway – southern Sweden
- Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden
- Vyborg
- Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
- NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
- Cross-Skagerak 1, 2 & 3: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
- Konti-Skan 1 & 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
- Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Yigne, Sweden
- NordE.ON 1: Diele, Germany – Borkum 2 platform, Germany
- StoreBaelt: Fyn Island, Sjælland, Denmark – Zealand Island, Denmark
- (purposely left blank)
- SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Slupsk, Poland
- Baltic-Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
- Kontek: Bjaeverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
- East West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Anglesea, Wales, UK. Expected completion 2008.
- BritNed: UK – Netherlands. Expected completion 2010.
- HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
- HVDC Italy-Corsica-Sardinia: "SACOI" – Suvereto, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Codrongianos, Italy (mainland)
- Sapei, Sardinia – Italian mainland
- Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
- 25 — 28 EuroMed options:
- Algeria – Spain
- Algeria – Sardinia
- Tunis – Sicily
- Tripoli – Sicily
- HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy
See also
- Electrode line
- Electrical pylon
- European super grid
- HVDC
- Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme
- Static inverter plant
- Submarine power cable
- Uno Lamm
- Valve hall
References
- ^ James A. Besha, The historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station part 2, IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE Mar/Apr 2007, page 8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Working Group on HVDC and FACTS Bibliography and Records (2008-07-07). "HVDC PROJECTS LISTING". IEEE Transmission and Distribution Committee. http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/hvdcfacts/Projects/HVDCProjectsListingMay2008-existing.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ a b c "HVDC Transformers- details". Siemens. https://www.energy-portal.siemens.com/static/hq/en/products_solutions/19024_163620_hvdc-transformers.html. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ a b c d e f "ROLE OF THREE GORGES - CHANGZHOU HVDC IN INTERCONNECTING CENTRAL AND EAST CHINA". ABB Asea Brown Boveri. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/5a3c07c06ce80821c1256fda003b4d45/$File/Role%20of%20Three%20Gorges%20-%20Changzhou%20HVDC%20in%20Interconnecting%20.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ "China to Construct High-Voltage Transmission System Between Yunnan, Guangdong". Transmission & Distribution World (Penton Media Inc.). 2007-06-11. http://tdworld.com/overhead_transmission/siemens-hvdc-transmission-china/. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ "The Three Gorges–Guangdong HVDC link". ABB Asea Brown Boveri. 2005-06-03. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/63063f62424ccf9ac12570290031068a/$File/POW-0039%203GG%20project%20brochure.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ Joerg Dorn; Dietmar Retzmann, Cristen Schimpf, Dag Soerangr (2007-11-06). "HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and Advanced Grid Access". EPRI HVDC conference 2007-09-13 to 14 (Siemens): 44. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/HVDC_Solutions_EPRI_Conference_09-07_V_1b.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ "THE SECOND 1 x 500 MW HVDC BACK-TO-BACK INTERCONNECTION AT VIZAG". 2005-09-29. http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/9eecf559e0334b5cc125708b00501cb5/$File/Cigree_VizagIIB-t-B%20d%20Rev.%2000.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
- ^ "[http://www.ptd.siemens.de/B4-202.pdf APPLICATION OF THE GRID POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (GPFC) IN A BACK TO BACK PROJECT- details]". Siemens. http://www.ptd.siemens.de/B4-202.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ^ "What is Neptune RTS?". http://www.neptunerts.com/default.asp?Ss=5&Pg=7. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ Peter Riedel; Kumar, Devinder (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kölz, Andreas (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Kuhn, Matthias (Siemens AG, Erlangen, DEU); Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar (Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd, Gurgaon-122001 (Haryana), India, IND) (2008-09-03). "BASIC DESIGN ASPECTS OF 2500 MW BALLIA-BHIWADI 2500 MW HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (abstract)". 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry (CEPSI), Macau/China, October 27 - 31, 2008. http://www.cepsi2008.org/CEPSI2008/files/oral/377/riedel_peter.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ NordE.ON 1. ABB. http://www.abb.com/cawp/gad02181/306c726f332f36d3c1257353003b91f0.aspx. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
- ^ "IEEE PES; HVDC Systems and Trans-Bay Cable". 16 March 2005. http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r6/san_francisco/pes/pes_pdf/Transbay_Cable.pdf. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
- ^ POWERGRID Corporation of India Limited (2007-08). National Power Grid Development Investment Program (Facility Concept): Resettlement Planning Document. Asian Development Bank. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Resettlement_Plans/IND/39630/39630-IND-RP.PDF. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- Vijay K. Sood. HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications Of Static Converters In Power Systems. Springer-Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 978-1402078903.
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