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landscape gardener

 
Dictionary: landscape gardener
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n.
One whose occupation is the decoration of land by planting trees and shrubs and designing gardens.

landscape gardening landscape gardening n.

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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: landscape gardening
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Process of arranging land, plants, and objects for human use and enjoyment, usually with long and close-up views. Cyclical growth and seasonal changes provide a continuous sense of time and natural rhythms that is absent in buildings and sculptures. Gardens and designed landscapes fill in the open areas in cities and create continuity between urban structures and open rural lands beyond. Landscape-gardening areas may be of any size, from small urban courtyards and suburban gardens to many thousands of acres in regional, state, or national parks. Every landscape garden reflects attitudes toward nature and humans, revealing much about a culture and a period.

For more information on landscape gardening, visit Britannica.com.

British History: landscape gardening
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The 18th-cent. English landscape garden or park was a major contribution to European art. It replaced the earlier fashion for highly formal gardens and presented an effect of natural, rolling grassland coming right up to the house, with distant clumps of trees.

The expansiveness of such landscapes undoubtedly encouraged a sense of power and superiority in the minds of their aristocratic owners, although they were also held to demonstrate the spirit of British liberty. Pioneers of the new taste in gardening, favoured by the poet Alexander Pope, were Stephen Switzer (1682-1745), Charles Bridgeman (fl. 1709-38), the latter credited with the invention of the ‘ha-ha’, and William Kent (1685-1748). Such schemes often had complex, symbolic ‘programmes’ based on literary or political allusion, as at Stowe (Bucks.). The extensive gardens there were laid out mainly from 1713 by Viscount Cobham and his successor Earl Temple. Again, the scheme was initiated by Bridgeman and developed by Kent; a process of simplification and enlargement was begun by Lancelot Brown, c. 1749.

The final phase of the English landscape garden began late in the century, Picturesque theorists having rejected what they saw as the repetitive, over-formulaic approach of Brown. Thus Humphry Repton (1752-1818) adopted a more varied approach, involving the effect of ‘accidents’ of nature and a more organic relationship between buildings and landscape.

WordNet: landscape gardener
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Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively
  Synonym: landscape architect

Wikipedia: List of landscape architects
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 This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (November 2008)

A landscape architect is someone who practices landscape architecture. Regulations of the profession vary by country and state. The terminology has evolved to include those once known as landscape gardeners, landscape designers, architects, surveyors or engineers, particularly those from the 18th century who practised before the term "landscape architect" was coined. Landscape architecture was also differentiated as a profession in the United States earlier than in other parts of the world so this ambiguity has persisted to the present day; in much of Europe, for example, landscape architecture is not a distinct profession but there are many significant historical and contemporary examples of "landscape architectural" projects. Though their influence on landscape architecture may be great, this list precludes gardeners, botanists, writers, theoreticians, ecologists, and others who did not practice landscape design at a site scale and were not trained as a landscape architect.

Contents

Africa

20th century and contemporary

  • Roelf Botha
  • Gwen Fagan
  • Ian Ford
  • Ben Farrel
  • Bernard Oberholzer
  • Joan Pim
  • Wim Tijmans
  • Willem van Riet
  • Johan van Papendorp
  • Patrick Watson

Australia

19th, 20th & 21st century

Europe

18th century

19th century

20th century

India and Asia

Contemporary

  • Vikas Labba
  • Vandana Labba
  • Umesh Wakaley
  • Vijaya Chakravarty
  • Kamel O. Mahadin
  • Nandita & Minesh Parikh
  • Priya Dey
  • Kinnari Kulkarni
  • Shlomo Aronson

North America

18th century

19th century

20th century

South and Central America

19th century

20th century

A - J
  • Emmanuel Antonio dos Santos
  • Benedito Abbud
  • Luiz Portugal Albuquerque
  • Patricia Akinaga
  • Rubens de Andrade
  • Eduardo Barra
  • Luis Barragan
  • Fabio Henrique Bei
  • Ana Maria Bovério
  • Flavia Braga
  • José Luis Brenna
  • Marcia Nogueira Batista
  • Maria de Lourdes C. Barros
  • Nicia Paes Bormann
  • Roberto Burle Marx
  • Orlando Busarello
  • Peter Gustavo Burmeister
  • Vladmir Bartalini
  • Carla Coimbra
  • Fernando Magalhães Chacel
  • Isabel Ruas Pereira Coelho
  • Orlando Comas
  • Lucia Costa
  • Lúcia Maria Bitancourt Martins Campos
  • Maria Eliza de Campos Chinez
  • Maria Helena Cruz
  • Cassia Regina Dias
  • Claudia Diamant
  • Eduardo Fernandes Dias
  • Isabel Duprat
  • Mario Robson Calheiros Duarte
  • Mauricio Estellita
  • Miriam Escobar
  • Evani Kuperman Franco
  • Luciano Fiaschi
  • Luiz Góes Vieira Filho
  • Elizabeth Pagani Gouvêa
  • Fany Cutcher Galender
  • George Gavalas
  • Maria Aimeé Gallerani
  • Maria Cecilia Barbieri Gorski
  • Martha Gavião
  • Talita Gutierres
  • Alex Hanazaki
  • Gisela Heuchert
  • Marcos David Hekman
  • Léa Maria Dornelles Japur
 K - Z
  • Célia Seri Kawai
  • Rosa Grena Kliass
  • Sidney Schwindt Linhares
  • Thais de Freitas Lopes
  • Roberto Burle Marx
  • Cristina Kaori Matsumae
  • Cristina Luisa Marcovecchio
  • Elisabeth Akemi Miyazaki
  • Flávia Madureira
  • Jonathas Magahães
  • Lucia Toffolo de Macedo Porto
  • Marieta Cardoso Maciel
  • Silvio Soares Macedo
  • Suzel Maria Maciel
  • Elza Maria Niero
  • José Eduardo Novaes
  • Marcelo Novaes
  • Virginia Maria Nogueira de Vasconcellos
  • Haruyoshi Ono
  • Carmem Silvia Prieto
  • Claudia Golberg Prada
  • Dayse S. A. Porto Lima
  • Glaucia Dias Pinheiro
  • Jorge Crichyno Pinto
  • Paula De Paoli
  • Paulo Pellegrino
  • Plinio de Toledo Piza
  • Raul Isidoro Pereira
  • Saide Kahtouni Proost
  • Sylvia Adriana Dobry Pronsato
  • Andréa Queiroz S. F.Rego
  • Fabio Robba
  • Maria Maddalena Ré
  • Arilda Cardoso de Souza
  • Beatriz Pedrosa Salvini
  • Catharina Pinheiro Cordeiro dos Santos Lima
  • Euller Sandeville
  • Francine Gramacho Sakata
  • Maria Cecilia Martins de Souza
  • Monica Bahia Schlee
  • Raquel Teixeira de Souza e Rezende
  • Roberto Souza de Sá
  • Vera Catunda Serra
  • Vera Regina Tângari
  • Jeanne Tindade
  • Orlando Comas

See also


This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
British History. A Dictionary of British History. Copyright © 2001, 2004 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more
WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of landscape architects".  Read more