The following is a list of symptoms and conditions that signal or constitute a possible medical emergency and may require immediate first aid, emergency room care, surgery, or care by a physician or nurse. Please note that not all medical emergencies listed below are life-threatening; some conditions require medical attention in order to prevent significant and long-lasting effects on physical or mental health.
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Injury and illness
- Abdominal pain, severe
- Appendicitis (leading to peritonitis)
- Ballistic trauma (gunshot wound)
- Head trauma
- Hyperthermia (heat stroke or sunstroke)
Hypothermia or frostbite- Intestinal obstruction
- Pancreatitis
- Peritonitis
- Poisoning
- Food poisoning
- Venomous animal bite
- Ruptured spleen
- Septic arthritis
- Septicaemia blood infection
- Severe burn (including scalding and chemical burns)
- Spreading wound infection
- Suspected spinal injury
- Traumatic brain injury
- Spinal disc herniation
Infections
- Lyme disease infection
- Malaria infection
- Rabies infection
- Salmonella poisoning
Cardiac and circulatory
- Aortic aneurysm (ruptured)
- Aortic dissection
- Bleeding
- Cardiac arrest
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiac tamponade
- Hypertensive emergency
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Ventricular fibrillation
Metabolic
- Acute renal failure
- Addisonian crisis (seen in those with Addison's disease)
- Dehydration, advanced
- Diabetic coma
- Electrolyte disturbance, severe (along with dehydration, possible with severe diarrhea or vomiting, chronic laxative abuse, and severe burns)
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Lactic acidosis
- Malnutrition and starvation (as in extreme anorexia and bulimia)
- Thyroid storm
Neurological and Neurosurgical
- Attempted suicide, non-fatal
- Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Subdural hematoma, acute
- Convulsion or seizure
- Meningitis
- Syncope (fainting)
- Acute spinal cord compression
Psychiatric
Ophthalmological
Respiratory
- Agonal breathing
- Asphyxia
- Asthma, acute
- Epiglottitis or severe croup
- Pneumothorax
- Pulmonary embolism
- Respiratory failure
Shock
- Anaphylaxis
- Cardiogenic shock
- Hypovolemic shock (due to hemorrhage)
- Neurogenic shock
- Obstructive shock (e.g., massive pulmonary embolism or Cardiac tamponade)
- Septic shock
Obstetrics
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Eclampsia
- Fetal distress
- Obstetrical hemorrhage
- Placental abruption
- Prolapsed cord
- Puerperal sepsis
- Shoulder dystocia
- Uterine rupture
Urological, andrological, and gynecologic
- Ovarian torsion
- Gynecologic hemorrhage
- Paraphimosis
- Priapism
- Sexual assault (rape)
- Testicular torsion
- Urinary retention
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
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