List of philosophers born in the centuries BC

Philosophers born in the centuries BC (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criteria for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

See also:

• List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
• List of philosophers born in the first through tenth centuries
• List of philosophers born in the eleventh through fourteenth centuries
• List of philosophers born in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
• List of philosophers born in the seventeenth century
• List of philosophers born in the eighteenth century
• List of philosophers born in the nineteenth century
• List of philosophers born in the twentieth century
• List of living philosophers and academics of philosophy

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

• Aenesidemus, (1st century BC)^R
• Alcibiades, (c. 450-404 BC)
• Alcmaeon of Croton, (5th century BC)^O12^RS
• Anacharsis, (6th century BC)
• Anaxagoras, (died 462 BC)^CO12^RS*
• Anaxarchus, (fl. 340 BC)^R
• Anaxilaus, (1st century BC)
• Anaximander, (c. 610-c. 546 BC)^CO12^R
• Anaximenes of Miletus, (585-525 BC)^CO12^R
• Andronicus of Rhodes, (c. 70 BC)^C
• Anniceris, (fl. 300 BC)^C
• Antiochus of Ascalon, (c. 130-68 BC)^CO12^RS
• Antiphon, (480-403 BC)^R
• Antisthenes, (c. 444-365 BC)^O12^R
• Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)^CO12^RS
• Archimedes, (d. 212 BC)
• Archytas, (428-347 BC)^CRS
• Aristippus the Elder of Cyrene, (c. 435-366 BC)^O12^R
• Aristo of Chios, (fl. 250 BC)^R
• Aristotle, (384 BC-322 BC)^CO12^RS*
• Aristoxenus, (4th century BC)
• Asclepiades of Bithynia, (129-40 BC)
• Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110-32 BC)

B

• Blossius, (2nd century BC)

C

• Callicles, (late 5th century BC)^RS
• Carneades, (c. 214-129 BC)^O12^RS
• Cebes of Thebes, (5th century BC)
• Chaerephon, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)
• Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321-296 BC)^R
• Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I), (201-169 BC)^CR
• Chrysippus, (279-207 BC)^O12^R
• Cicero, (106 BC-43 BC)^CO12^R
• Cleanthes, (301-232 BC)^R
• Cleobulus, (fl. 560 BC)
• Clitomachus, (187-109 BC)
• Confucius, (551 BC - 479 BC)^CO12^RS
• Crantor, (4th century BC)
• Crates of Thebes, (4th century BC)
• Cratylus of Athens, (c. 400 BC)^O12^R

D

• Democritus, (born 460 BC)^CO12^RS
• Diagoras, (5th century BC)
• Diodorus Cronus, (3rd century BC)^O2^RS
• Diogenes Apolloniates, (c. 460 BC)^R
• Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)^O12^R
• Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104 BC)^CR

E

• Ellopion of Peparethus, (4th century BC)
• Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)^CO12^RS
• Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)^R
• Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)^O12^RS
• Epimenides, (6th century BC)
• Eubulides of Miletus, (4th century BC)
• Euclid of Alexandria, (c. 365-275 BC)
• Euclid of Megara, (c. 400 BC)
• Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC - 355 or 347 BC)^CR

F

G

• Gaozi, (c. 420 BC)^C
• Aksapada Gautama, (c. 2nd century BC)^R
• Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)^CO2^R
• Geminus, (c. 110-c. 40 BC)
• Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)^C
• Gorgias, (c. 483-375 BC)^CO12^R
• Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)^CR

H

• Han Feizi, (d. 233 BC)^CR
• Hecato of Rhodes, (135-50 BC)
• Hegesias of Cyrene, (c. 300 BC)
• Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)^R
• Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)^CO12^R
• Hicetas, (400-335 BC)
• Hipparchia of Maroneia, (4th century BC)
• Hippasus, (c. 500 BC)
• Hippias, (5th century BC)^R
• Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)^CO12
• Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)^C
• Huai Nun Tzu (or Huainanzi or Liu An), (179-122 BC)^CR
• Hui Shi, (4th century BC)^C

I

• Isocrates, (436-338 BC)^C

J

K

L

• Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)^CO12^S
• Leucippus, (5th century BC)^CO12^RS
• Li Si, (c. 280-208 BC)
• Liezi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)^CO2
• Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)^CO12^RS

M

• Mahavira, (599-527 BC)^CR
• Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)^CO12^R
• Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)^CO12^RS
• Menedemus, (c. 350-278 BC)
• Metrocles, (c. 300 BC)
• Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder), (5th century BC)
• Metrodorus of Chios, (4th century BC)
• Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger), (331–278 BC)
• Metrodorus of Stratonicea, (late 2nd century BC)
• Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)^CO2^R

N

O

P

• Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)^R
• Parmenides, (5th century BC)^CO12^R
• Patañjali, (2nd century BC)^R
• Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
• Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-AD 40)^CO12^R
• Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)^RS*
• Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)^O12^R
• Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)^RS*
• Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)^CRS
• Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)^CO12^RS
• Plutarch of Athens, (5th century BC)
• Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
• Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)^R
• Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)^R
• Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)^O12^R
• Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270 BC)^CO12^RS
• Pythagoras, (582 BC-496 BC)^CO12^RS

Q

R

S

• Seneca the Younger, (c. 4 BC-AD 65)^O12^R
• Shang Yang (or Gongsun Yang), (d. 338 BC)^C
• Shen Buhai, (d. 337 BC)^C
• Shen Dao (or Shen Tzu), (c. 350-275 BC)^C
• Socrates, (470 BC-399 BC)^CO12^RS
• Speusippus, (410-339 BC)^O12^RS
• Stilpo, (380-330 BC)
• Strato of Lampsacus, (c. 340-c. 268 BC)^CR
• Sun Tzu, (4th century BC)
• Sung Hsing (or Sung Tzu), (360-290 BC)^C

T

• Thales, (c. 635 BC-543 BC)^CO12^R
• Theodorus of Cyrene, (c. 465-398 BC)
• Theophrastus, (372-287 BC)^O12^R
• Thrasymachus, (5th century BC)^CO2^RS
• Thucydides, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)^R
• Timaeus of Locres, (5th century BC)
• Timon of Phlius, (c. 300 BC)^RS

U

V

W

X

• Xenocrates, (396-314 BC)^O12^RS
• Xenophanes of Colophon, (570-480 BC)^CO12^RS
• Xenophon, (427-355 BC)^CR
• Xun Zi (or Hsun Tzu), (c. 310-237 BC)^CO12^RS*

Y

• Yajnavalkya, (c. 1800 BC)
• Yang Chu, (370-319 BC)^CR
• Yang Xiong (or Yang Hsiung) (53 BC-AD 18)^CR

Z

• Zeno of Citium, (333 BC-264 BC)^O12^R
• Zeno of Elea, (circa 495 BC-circa 430 BC)^O12^R
• Zeno of Sidon, (1st century BC)
• Zeno of Tarsus, (3rd century BC)
• Zhuang Zi (or Chuang Tzu or Chuang Chou), (circa 300 BC)^CO12^S
• Zou Yan, (3rd century BC)^C

Notes

• Note C: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8

• Note O: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy.

1: Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0

2: Oxford University Press; 2005. ISBN 0-19-926479-1

• Note R: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0-415-22364-4

• Note S: - This person is featured in the peer-reviewed online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Subjects with an asterisk have an article solicited about them, but not yet published at the encyclopedia (as of 2-22-2006).

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

See also

List of philosophers

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