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This is a list of presidents of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has only intermittently been a republic - between 1973-1992 and from 2001 onwards - at other times being governed by a variety of kings, emirs and (under the mujahideen and Taliban regimes in the 1990s) Islamist rulers.
The present constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament. These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country's loya jirga in December 2003. However, they were seen by the interim administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan.
The current president Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of state in Afghanistan on December 7, 2004. He has begun the process of rebuilding his nation. The National Assembly is Afghanistan's national legislature. It is a bicameral body, composed of the House of the People and the House of the Elders. The current legislature was elected on September 18, 2005. The members of the Supreme Court were appointed by the president to form the judiciary. Together, this new system is to provide a new set of checks and balances that was unheard of in the country. Also, the system is quite new, implementation of which began only 2004, just after decades of war between different factions and warlords. The remnants of the warlords are almost non-existent. The United Nations and other governments and organizations play a vital role in rebuilding this new democracy's political environment.
Contents |
Heads of state
| # | Name | Picture | Took office | Left office | Political Party | |
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| 1 | Mohammed Daoud Khan |
17 July, 1973 | 27 April, 1978 | National Revolutionary Party | ||
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| 2 | Abdul Qadir Dagarwal of the Armed Forces[2] |
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27 April, 1978 | 30 April, 1978 | People's Democratic Party | |
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| 3 | Nur Muhammad Taraki |
30 April, 1978 | 16 September, 1979 | People's Democratic Party | ||
| 4 | Hafizullah Amin |
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16 September, 1979 | 27 December, 1979 | People's Democratic Party | |
| 5 | Babrak Karmal |
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27 December, 1979 | 24 November, 1986 | People's Democratic Party | |
| 6 | Haji Mohammad Chamkani |
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24 November, 1986 | 30 September, 1987 | Independent | |
| 7 | Mohammad Najibullah |
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30 September, 1987 | 30 November, 1987 | People's Democratic Party | |
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| 7 | Mohammad Najibullah |
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30 November, 1987 | 16 April, 1992 | People's Democratic Party (Until 1990) Homeland Party (from 1990) |
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| 8 | Abdul Rahim Hatef |
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16 April, 1992 | 28 April, 1992 | People's Democratic Party | |
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| 9 | Sibghatullah Mojaddedi |
28 April, 1992 | 28 June, 1992 | National Liberation Front of Afghanistan | ||
| 10 | Burhanuddin Rabbani |
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28 June, 1992 | 27 September, 1996 | Islamic Association of Afghanistan | |
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| 11 | Mohammed Omar |
27 September, 1996 | 13 November, 2001 | Taliban | ||
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| 10 | Burhanuddin Rabbani |
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13 November, 2001 | 22 December, 2001 | Islamic Association of Afghanistan Northern Alliance |
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| 12 | Hamid Karzai |
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22 December, 2001 | 19 June, 2002 | Independent | |
| 12 | Hamid Karzai |
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19 June, 2002 | 7 December, 2004 | Independent | |
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| 12 | Hamid Karzai |
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7 December, 2004 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Notes
| Name | Notes |
|---|---|
| Abdul Qadir Dagarwal | Under the military dictatorship the title was the Head of the Military Revolutionary Council.[2] |
| — | After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan after the Saur Revolution. The government gave the president position a new title. The new title was President of the Revolutionary Council.[12] |
| Mohammed Omar | Under the rule of the Taliban, the new presidential title was Head of the Supreme Council.[9] |
| Hamid Karzai | From 22 December, 2001 to 19 June, 2002 Karzai was the leader of the Chairman of the Transitional Administration.[10] |
References
- ^ Rubin, Barnett. "DĀWŪD KHAN". in Ehsan Yarshater. Encyclopædia Iranica (Online Edition ed.). United States: Columbia University. http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v7f2/v7f246.html. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b Henry St. Amant Bradsher. Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=v0THAAAAIAAJ&q=Abdul+Qadir+Dagarwal&dq=Abdul+Qadir+Dagarwal&hl=no&pgis=1. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b "Noor Mohammad Taraki". Noor Mohammad Taraki. afghanland.com. http://www.afghanland.com/history/taraki.html. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b c J. Bruce Amstutz. "First Five Years of Soviet Occupation". Google Books. http://books.google.no/books?id=RUSNyMH1aFQC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=Democratic+Republic+of+Afghanistan+refugees+Pakistan&source=bl&ots=2yT1rQyNHW&sig=5QQGSFSL2TFKj0Vpjq_EQrd4f4g&hl=en&ei=jy-9SbGiBtiJsAbfpMnoDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA155,M1. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ "Afghan Tribal Leader Named Acting President." (24 November 1986). The New York Times. Section A.
- ^ Sovinformbi︠u︡ro and Agentstvo Pechati "Novosti.". The Daily Review. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=MDc7AAAAMAAJ&q=Abdul+Rahim+Hatef&dq=Abdul+Rahim+Hatef&hl=no&pgis=1. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ "Amnesty offer to Taleban leader". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4529653.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b "Timeline: Afghanistan". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1162108.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b The Middle East. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=5aptAAAAMAAJ&q=Mohammed+Omar+Head+of+the+Supreme+Council&dq=Mohammed+Omar+Head+of+the+Supreme+Council&hl=no&pgis=1. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ a b c Oliver North and Chuck Holton. American Heroes: In the Fight Against Radical Islam. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=ju9RAcRiShsC&pg=PA52&dq=Hamid+Karzai+Chairman+of+the+Transitional+Administration&hl=no. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ "Afghan president urges April poll". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7916607.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ Amos Jenkins Peaslee and Dorothy Peaslee Xydis. Constitutions of Nations. Google Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=EK85EzRCzXwC&pg=PA12&dq=President+of+the+Revolutionary+Council+Afghanistan&hl=no. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
External links
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