List of renamed cities and towns in Russia: Information from Answers.com

Reasons for geographical renaming in Russia were

a particularly large number of cities and towns were renamed in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917
more renamings happened during the whole history of the Soviet Union due to political reasons
in 1945, German cities around Königsberg were made part of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave, see list of cities and towns in East Prussia
soon after the reconquest of Southern Sakhalin in 1945, Japanese placenames were replaced with Russian ones.
Circa 1972-73, many Chinese or Chinese-sounding place names in the Russian Far East were replaced with Russian-sounding ones
in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, renamings (often for restoration of original names) happened

In the list below sometimes the year of renaming appears in brackets after the new name.

Abinsky → Abinsk (1963)
Adygeysk (1969) → Teuchezhsk (1976) → Adygeysk (1992)
Aksayskaya → Aksaysk
Alexandria (1838) → Dakhovsky (1864) → Dakhovsky Posad (1874) → Sochi (1896)
Alexandrovsk (1896) → Polyarny (1939)
Alexandrovskaya → Alexandrovka → Alexandrovsky (1917) → Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (1926)
Alexandrovskoye (1860) → Alexandrovka (1926) → Krasnopartizansk (1931) → Kuybyshevka-Vostochnaya (1936) → Belogorsk (1957)
Alexeyevsk (1912) → Svobodny (1917)
Almetyevo → Almetyevsk
Antrea → Kamennogorsk (1948)
Apsheronskaya (1863) → Apsheronsk (1947)
Armyansky Aul (1839) → Armavir (1848)
Arzamas-16 (1946) → Kremlyov (1991) → Sarov (1995)
Astapovo → Lev Tolstoy
Balanda → Kalininsk
Bashanta → Gorodovikovsk
Batalpashinkaya (1804) → Batalpashinsk (1931) → Sulimov (1934) → Yezhovo-Cherkessk (1937) → Cherkessk (1939)
Beloozero (862) → Belozersk (1777)
Belorechenskaya (1863) → Belorechensk (1958)
Beloretsk → Mezhgorye
Belotsarsk (1914) → Khem-Beldyr (1918) → Kyzyl (1926)
Bikinskaya → Bikin
Biryuch → Budyonny → Krasnogvardeyskoye → Biryuch (2007)
Bobriki → Donskoy
Bobriki → Stalinogorsk (1934) → Novomoskovsk (1961)
Bogdanovo → Spassk → Bednodemyanovsk → Spassk
Bolokhovsky → Bolokhovo
Bondyuzhsk → Mendeleyevsk
Borovskaya Sloboda → Bor (1938)
Beryozovskoye → Björkö → Koivisto → Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast
Chegem Pervy → Chegem
Chembar → Belinsky
Chertanla → Novyy Uzen' (1835) → Novouzensk
Chesnokovka → Novoaltaysk (1962)
Chelyabinsk-40 (1945) → Chelyabinsk-65 → Ozyorsk (1994)
Chelyabinsk-70 → Snezhinsk (1991)
Chibyu (1929) → Ukhta (1939)
Chinnay → Krasnogorsk
Cranz → Zelenogradsk (1945)
Darkehmen → Angerapp (1938) → Ozyorsk (1945)
Dmitriyev → Dmitriyev-na-Svape → Dmitriyev-Lgovsky
Dmitrovka → Dmitrovsk → Dmitrovsk-Orlovsky → Dmitrovsk (2005)
Dokshukino (1913) → Nartkala (1967)
Dolgoprudny → Dirizhablstroy → Dolgoprudny
Dvigatelstroy → Kaspiysk (1947)
Dzerzhinsky → Sorsk (1966)
Elektroperedacha → Elektrogorsk
Enso (1887) → Svetogorsk (1948)
Esutoru → Uglegorsk
Fischhausen → Primorsk (1946)
Friedland → Pravdinsk (1946)
Galkino-Vrasskoye (1884) → Ochiai (1905) → Dolinsk (1946)
Goly Karamysh → Baltser → Krasnoarmeysk
Gorodetsk → Bezhetsk (1766)
Gorodok → Zakamensk (1959)
Grushyovskaya → Gornoye Grushyovskoye → Alexandrovsk-Grushyovsky → Shakhty
Gukovsky → Gukovo
Gumbinnen → Gusev
Gundorovka → Donetsk
Gzhatsk → Gagarin
Heiliegenbeil → Mamonovo
Heinrichswalde → Slavsk
Iletskaya Zashchita → Iletsk → Iletskoye → Iletskaya Zashchita → Sol-Iletsk
Iman → Dalnerechensk
Insterburg → Chernyakhovsk
Ivanovo-Voznesensk → Ivanovo
Izhevsky Zavod → Izhevsk → Ustinov → Izhevsk
Izhma → Sosnogorsk
Kainsk → Kuybyshev
Kalata → Kirovgrad
Kaliningrad → Korolyov
Kamen → Kamen-na-Obi
Kamenskaya → Kamensk-Shakhtinsky
Kamensky Zavod → Kamensk-Uralsky
Kamyshin → Dmitriyevsk → Kamyshin
Kasivabora → Severo-Kurilsk
Kaspiysky → Lagan
Khabarovka → Khabarovsk
Kharovsky → Kharovsk
Khibinogorsk → Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast
Khlynov → Vyatka → Kirov
Khonto → Nevelsk
Khotchino → Gatchina → Trotsk (1923) → Krasnogvardeysk (1929) → Gatchina (1944)
Khrushchyovskaya → Uzlovaya
Kiyskoye → Mariinsk
Kodinsky → Kodinsk
Kolchugino → Lenino → Leninsk-Kuznetsky
Komsomolsky → Yugorsk
Korela → Keksgolm → Priozyorsk
Korsakovsky Post → Otomari → Korsakov
Kozlov → Michurinsk
Königsberg → Kaliningrad
Krasnaya Sloboda → Krasnoslobodsk
Krasnoflotsky → Krasnoarmeysky → Krasnoarmeysk
Krasnoyarsk-26 → Zheleznogorsk
Kremlyov → Sarov
Krestov Brod → Roshal
Kseniyevsky → Asino
Kudelka → Asbest
Kukarka → Sovetsk
Kurgannaya → Kurganinsk
Kushvinsky Zavod → Kushva
Kuznetsk → Novokuznetsk → Stalinsk → Novokuznetsk
Kuznetsovo → Konakovo
Labiau → Polessk
Labinskaya → Labinsk
Lakinsky → Lakinsk
Laptevo → Yasnogorsk
Lazdinay → Lazdenen → Krasnoznamensk
Lermontovsky → Lermontov
Likhvin → Chekalin
Lopasnya → Chyornoye Ozero → Chekhov
Losinaya Sloboda → Losino-Petrovsky
Lyantorsky → Lyantor
Lyutoga → Rudaka → Aniva
Maoka (Mauka) → Kholmsk
Mechetnaya → Nikolayevsk → Pugachyov
Medvezhyya Gora → Medvezhyegorsk
Melekess → Dimitrovograd
Mikhaylovskoye → Shpakovskoye → Mikhaylovsk
Mikhaylovsky Zavod → Mikhaylovsk
Mikoyan-Shakhar → Klukhori → Karachayevsk
Mukhtuya → Lensk
Muravlenkovsky → Muravlenko
Mysovaya → Mysovsk → Babushkin
Naberezhnye Chelny → Brezhnev → Naberezhnye Chelny
Nadezhdinsk → Kabakovsk → Nadezhdinsk → Serov
Naykhoro → Gornozavodsk
Nazyvayevskaya → Nazyvayevka → Nazyvayevsk
Neuhausen → Guryevsk
Nevdubstroy → Kirovsk
Nevyansky Zavod → Nevyansk
Nezametny → Aldan
Nikolayevsky → Nikolayevsk → Nikolayevsk-na-Amure
Nikolo-Pestrovka → Nikolo-Pestrovsky → Nikolsk
Nikolskoye → Nikolsk → Nikolsk-Ussuriysky → Voroshilov → Ussuriysk
Nikolsky Khutor → Sursk
Nizhnetagilsky Zavod → Nizhny Tagil
Nizhnevartovsky → Nizhnevartovsk
Nizhnevolzhsk → Narimanov
Nizhny Novgorod → Gorky → Nizhny Novgorod
Noda → Chekhov
Nolinsk → Molotovsk → Nolinsk
Novaya Derevnya → Alexandrovsky → Novonikolayevsky → Novonikolayevsk → Novosibirsk
Novaya Pokrovka → Svoboda (1943) → Liski → Georgiu-Dezh (1965) → Liski (1990)
Novgorod → Veliky Novgorod (1998)
Novo-Mariinsk → Anadyr
Novoalexandrovskaya → Novoalexandrovsk
Novokuybyshevsky → Novokuybyshevsk
Novonikolayevsk → Novosibirsk
Novopavlovskaya → Novopavlovsk
Novotroitsk → Baley
Novovoronezhsky → Novovoronezh
Novy Zay → Zainsk
Novyye Petushki → Petushki
Nyakh → Nyagan
Obdorsk → Salekhard
Olensk → Vilyuysk
Olkhovsky → Artyomovsk
Olzheras → Mezhdurechensk
Omutninsky Zavod → Omutninsk
Oraniyenbaum → Lomonosov
Orenburg → Chkalov → Orenburg
Oreshek → Nöteborg → Shlisselburg → Petrokrepost → Shlisselburg
Orlov → Khalturin → Orlov
Osinovka → Osinniki
Ostyako-Vogulsk → Khanty-Mansiysk
Pavlovo → Pavlovsky Posad
Pavlovsk → Slutsk → Pavlovsk
Pechory → Petseri → Pechory
Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky → Ryazan
Perm → Molotov → Perm
Permskoye → Komsomolsk-na-Amure
Pervomaysky → Novodvinsk
Pesochnya → Kirov
Peterhof → Petrodvorets → Peterhof
Petropavlovsky → Petropavlovsky Port → Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsky → Severouralsk
Petrovskoye → Petrovsk-Port → Makhachkala
Petrovskoye → Svetlograd
Petrovsky Zavod → Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky
Pillau → Baltiysk
Pokrovskaya → Pokrovsk → Engels
Pokrovskoye → Pokrovsk
Porechye → Demidov
Poshekhonye → Poshekhonye-Volodarsk → Poshekhonye
Prishib → Leninsk
Protva → Zhukov
Pryoysish-Elau → Bagrationovsk
Pyora → Gondatti → Vladimiro-Shimanovsky → Shimanovsk
Raduga → Vladimir-30 → Raduzhny
Ragnit → Neman
Ranenburg → Chaplygin
Rastyapino → Dzerzhinsk
Rauschen → Svetlogorsk
Raychikha → Raychikhinsk
Romanov-Borisoglebsk → Tutayev
Romanov-na-Murmane → Murmansk
Romanovsky → Kropotkin
Saint Petersburg (1703) → Petrograd (1914) → Leningrad (1924) → Saint Petersburg (Sankt-Peterburg) (1991)
Samara → Kuybyshev → Samara
Selyutora → Siritoru → Makarov
Semyonovka → Arsenyev
Serdobol → Sortavala
Sereda → Furmanov
Sergiyev Posad → Sergiyev → Zagorsk → Sergiyev Posad
Sergiyevskoye → Plavsk
Shakhty → Gusinoozyorsk
Sharypovskoye → Sharypovo → Chernenko → Sharypovo
Shcheglovo → Shcheglovsk → Kemerovo
Shikhrany → Kanash
Shkotovo-17 → Tikhookeansky → Fokino
Sieklakhti → Lakhdenpokhya
Simbirsk → Ulyanovsk
Skalisty → Gadzhiyevo
Slavyanskaya → Slavyansk-na-Kubani
Solnechnogorsky → Solnechnogorsk
Sorochinskoye → Sorochinsk
Spassk → Spassk-Tatarsky → Kuybyshev → Bolgar, Russia
Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Dalny
Spasskoye → Spassk → Spassk-Ryazansky
Stakhanovo → Zhukovsky
Stallupönen → Nesterov
Stary Rogozhsky Yam → Bogorodsk → Noginsk
Stavropol → Togliatti
Stavropol → Voroshilovsk → Stavropol
Stupinskaya → Elektrovoz → Stupino
Suchansky Rudnik → Suchan → Partizansk
Sudostroy → Molotovsk → Severodvinsk
Sundyr → Mariinsky Posad
Suyetikha → Biryusinsk
Sverdlovsk-45 → Lesnoy
Svoboda → Liski → Georgiu-Dey → Liski
Svobodny → Cherepanovo
Svyatoy Krest → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk → Prikumsk → Budyonnovsk
Syana → Kurilsk
Sysertsky Zavod → Sysert
Taldom → Leninsk → Taldom
Tapiau → Gvardeysk
Tashino → Pervomaysk
Temir-Khan-Shura → Buynaksk
Terijoki → Zelenogorsk
Tetyukhe → Dalnegorsk
Tikhmenevsky → Sikuka → Poronaysk
Tikhoretskaya → Tikhoretsk
Tilsit → Sovetsk
Tomarioru → Tomari
Tomsk-7 → Seversk
Toro → Shakhtyorsk
Troitsa → Udomlya
Troitsko-Zaozyornoye → Zaozyorny
Troitskosavsk → Kyakhta
Troitskoye → Troitsky → Troitsk
Trongzund → Uuras → Trongzund → Vysotsk
Trotsk → Chapayevsk
Truyevo-Naryshkino → Kuznetsk
Tsaritsyn → Stalingrad → Volgograd
Tsarskoye Selo → Detskoye Selo → Pushkin
Tsaryovokokshaysk → Krasnokokshaysk → Yoshkar-Ola
Tsimlyanskaya → Tsimlyansk
Turyinsky → Krasnoturyinsk
Tver → Kalinin → Tver
Tyndinsky → Tynda
Udinsk → Verhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
Ulala → Oyrot-Tura → Gorno-Altaysk
Uralmedstroy → Krasnouralsk
Usolye → Usolye-Sibirskoye
Ust-Abakanskoye → Khakassk → Abakan
Ust-Belokalitvenskaya → Belaya Kalitva
Ust-Katavsky Zavod → Ust-Katav
Ust-Medveditskaya → Serafimovich
Ust-Sheksna → Rybansk → Rybnaya Sloboda → Rybnoy → Rybinsk → Shcherbakov → Rybinsk → Andropov → Rybinsk
Ust Zeysky military post → Blagoveshchensk
Vasilyovo → Chkalovsk
Vayenga → Severomorsk
Velikoknyazheskaya → Proletarskaya → Proletarsk
Velyaminovsky → Tuapse
Verkhneudinsky → Verkhneudinsk → Ulan-Ude
Vinodelnoye → Ipatovo
Vladikavkaz → Ordzhonikidze → Dzaudzhikau → Ordzhonikidze → Vladikavkaz
Vladimirovka → Toyokhara → Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Volkhovstroy → Volkhov (1940)
Volodary → Volodarsk
Vorontsovo-Alexandrovskoye → Sovetskoye → Zelenokumsk
Voskresenskoye → Voskresensk → Istra (not to be confused with another Voskresensk)
Voznesenskaya → Vereshchagino
Vyborg → Viipuri → Vyborg
Vyzhaikha → Krasnovishersk
Yakovlevskoye → Privolzhsk
Yama → Yamsky Gorodok → Yama → Yamburg → Kingisepp (1922)
Yauntlatgale → Abrene → Pytalovo
Yegorshino → Artyomovsky
Yekaterinburg → Sverdlovsk → Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinodar → Krasnodar
Yekaterinenstadt (Baronsk) → Marxstadt → Marks
Yuryuzansky Zavod → Yuryuzan
Zaozyorny-13 → Krasnoyarsk-45 → Zelenogorsk (1992)
Zarinskaya → Zarinsk
Zatishye → Elektrostal
Zavolzhye → Zavolzhsk
Zavoyko → Yelizovo
Zernovoy → Zernograd
Zeysky Sklad → Zeya-Pristan → Zeya
Zhdanovsk → Zapolyarny
Zheleznodorozhny → Yemva
Zhirnoye → Zhirnovsky → Zhirnovsk
Zimmerbude → Svetly
Zlatoust-36 → Tryokhgorny
Zmeiny → Never-1 → Rukhlovo → Skovorodino

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List of renamed cities and towns in Russia

See also