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List of ships captured in the 19th century

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Throughout history during times of war where naval engagements were frequent, many battles were fought that often resulted in the capture of enemy ships or those of a neutral country. If a ship proved to be a valuable prize efforts would sometimes be made to capture the vessel with inflicting the least amount of damage as was practically possible. Both military and merchant ships were captured and were often renamed and used in the service of the capturing country's navy or in some other utility capacity for that ship's country. As an incentive to search far and wide for enemy ships cargoes on board these vessels were often divided up and awarded to the capturing crew members.[1][2] Private ships were also authorized by a given country through a Letter of marque to engage and capture the various ships that were deemed unfriendly to that country.[3]


Contents


Legend:
  • Dates of capture are listed chronologically and appear in bold [Note 1]
  • Names of commanders are those in command when ships were captured.
  • The symbol ' † ' following a commander's name denotes he was killed in action.
  • Name of ship and flag of country listed are those in use at time of ship's capture and will sometimes link to a page with name and flag used after capture.
USS United States engaging HMS Macedonian

1800-1809

Quasi-War

The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800. France who was plagued by massive crop failures and was desperately in need of grain and other supplies commissioned numerous French privateers who both legally and illegally captured cargo from merchant vessels of every flag engaged in foreign trade with Britain. Approximately 300 American ships were captured by the French navy and privateers under France's Letter of marque.[4] International law mandated that a ship captured during wartime by a belligerent was lost to the owner and that no compensation was to be made by the country who seized a vessel unless provided for by a treaty that ended that war.[5]

  • Godfrey |  UKGBI | 31 May 1800
    English registered schooner commanded by H. Atkinson, captured by a French privateer and recaptured by American sloop of war USS Merrimack,[Note 2]
  • Berceau |  France | 12 October 1800
    A 24-gun French corvette commanded by Capitain de frégate Senez, captured by USS Boston, commanded by Capt. George Little, unbeknown that the Quasi-War had ended several days earlier. She was towed to the United States, repaired and returned to France September 1801.[11]


First Barbary War

The First Barbary War (1801–5), was the first of two wars fought between the United States and the North African Berber Muslim states known collectively as the Barbary States. For years the Barbary Corsairs had harassed and captured British, French and American shipping, often capturing vessels seizing cargoes and holding crews for large ransoms or enslaving them.[12]


French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against the French Republic and Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1792 to 1815 involving many often large scale naval battles resulting in the capture of numerous ships. Among the most notable of such battles were the Battle of Trafalgar and the Battle of Copenhagen involving hundreds of ships and many thousands of seamen and officers.

Battle of Copenhagen

The Battle of Copenhagen was a naval battle involving a large British fleet under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, defeating and capturing many of the Danish-Norwegian fleet anchored just off Copenhagen on 2 April 1801. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson led the main attack.[23][24]

See also:
List of Danish sail frigates
List of Danish sail battleships
List of ships-of-the-line of Denmark

Napoleonic Wars (continued i)

  • HMS Minerve |  Royal Navy | 3 July 1803
    A 40-gun frigate under the command of Captain Jahleel Brenton, (re)captured by the French navy after it ran aground chasing other ships. Originally a French ship, captured by British in 1792.
  • Le Formidable |  French Navy | 1805
    An 80-gun ship of the line, broken up in 1816.

Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar was fought on the 21st of October 1805 off the Spanish coast near Cape Trafalgar involving the allied fleets of Spain and France against the Royal Navy of Britain. Britain's answer to Napoleon's threat, it proved to be the turning point of the Napoleonic era and is regarded as the last great sea battle of the period. The battle involved dozens of sailing warships and vessels many of which fell to capture while many were also met with what is considered a worse fate in the storm that followed.[34][35]

  • Bucentaure |  French Navy | 21 October 1805
    An 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. It was the flagship of the french fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, commanded by Captain Jean-Jacques Magendie. Surrendered to Captain James Atcherly of the Marines from HMS Conqueror, later wrecked in storm of 23 October 1805.[41]
  • Algésiras |  French Navy | 21 October 1805
    A 74-gun French ship of the line, present at the Battle of Trafalgar, under Rear Admiral Charles Magon who was killed during the boarding attempt when engaged by HMS Tonnant. Escaped after capture making her way to Cadiz.[42]
  • Intrépide | ( French Navy) | 21 October 1805
    A 74-gun third-rate ship of the line, captured at the Battle of Trafalgar and scuttled by British.
  • Aigle |  French Navy | 21 October 1805
    A 74-gun French ship of the line. took part in the Battle of Trafalgar, captured during the battle. On the following day, her crew rose up turned against her captors and recaptured their ship, however, she was wrecked in the storm of 23 October 1805.
  • Berwick |  Royal Navy |  French Navy | 21 October 1805
    The British HMS Berwick, a 74-gun ship of the line, was captured by the French in 1795. She was recaptured by the British at the Battle of Trafalgar. While in tow her captives cut her cables, she struck a shoal and sunk with approximately 200 perishing in the storm.[44][45]
  • Swiftsure |  Royal Navy |  French Navy | 21 October 1805
    A 74-gun ship of the line, originally the British HMS Swiftsure, commanded by Captain Hallowell, captured by the French fleet, commanded by Admiral Ganteaume, on 24 June 1800. Under the command of Captain l'Hôpitalier-Villemadrin she was recaptured at the Battle of Trafalgar and was one of the few captured ships to survive the storm.
  • Rayo |  Spanish Navy | 21 October 1805
    An 80-gun ship of the line of the Spanish Navy. Present at the Battle of Trafalgar, noted for being the oldest vessel present. Rayo escaped from the battle but was intercepted by HMS Donegal fresh out of Gilbraltara and then was wrecked 26 October 1805 in the storm that followed.[38][46]
  • Monarca |  Spanish Navy | 21 October 1805
    A 74 gun ship of the line, commanded by Capt Don Teodoro de Argumosa,[53] present at Battle of Trafalgar. After its capture it was burnt on 26 October 1805.[54] [Note 9]
  • San Ildefonso |  Spanish Navy | 21 October 1805
    A 74-gun ship that saw service in French, British and American waters in the late 18th century. Present at the Battle of Trafalgar, commanded by Captain Don Jose Ramón de Vargas y Varáez; captured by the British HMS Defence and renamed HMS Ildefonso, it was one of the few captured vessels that survived the storm following the battle.[57]
See also: Trafalgar order of battle and casualties



Napoleonic Wars (continued ii)

  • Le Duguay-Trouin |  French Navy | 4 Nov 1805
    74-gun Le Téméraire class. Captured by British, renamed HMS Implacable; training ship 1805, scuttled 1949[28]
  • Le Mont Blanc |  French Navy | 4 November 1805
    A French Ship of the line, 74 guns, she was used by the British at the Battle of Trafalgar after her capture at the Battle of Cape Ortegal.
  • Le Formidable |  French Navy | 1805
    80-gun ship of Le Tonnant class, broken up 1816.
  • L'Alexandre |  French Navy | 1806
    80-gun ship of Le Tonnant class, sold 1822.
  • Brave |  French Navy | 6 Feb 1806
    74 gun, captured by British, foundered 1806.[28]
  • Maida |  French Navy | 74 (1795) 6 Feb 1806
    – ex-French Le Jupiter, captured by British, sold 1814.[28]
  • Felicite |  French Navy | 17 June 1809
    French 36-gun class frigate, 900 tons, Captured by HMS Latona, a 38-gun frigate commanded by Captain Hugh Pigot.[67]

See also:


1810-1819

Napoleonic Wars (continued)



War of 1812

The War of 1812 was largely a naval war fought between the United States with its young American navy and Great Britain who had the largest and most formidable navy in the world at the time. The causes of the war were regarded differently between the two countries. The United States was appalled at Britain for seizing U.S. ships and capturing and impressing American citizens into its navy, while Britain maintained that it had the right to search neutral vessels for property or persons of its foes. The ships of the two countries were involved in many engagements along the Atlantic coast, the Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies with numerous vessels being destroyed or captured on both sides.[72]

  • USS Nautilus |  United States Navy | 16 July 1812
    Built in 1799 as a merchant vessel it was purchased by the U.S. Navy in 1803 and converted into a 42-gun brig. Commanded by Lieutenant W. Crane, it was captured off the coast of New Jersey by a blockading British fleet: Shannon, Belvidera, Africa, Eolus and Guerriere. Taken into possession for use in the Royal Navy and renamed HMS Emulous.[77][78]
  • HMS Ulysses |  Royal Navy | 20 July 1812
    A 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1779, captured by American privateer Paul Jones.[79]
  • USS President (sloop} |  United States Navy | 11 September 1814
    A 12-gun sloop and the second US Navy ship to carry the name. Captured by British and renamed Icicle.


See also:



Second Barbary War

1820-1829

  • La Jeune Eugene |  France | 1821
  • La Daphnee |  France | 1821
  • La Mathilde |  France | 1821
  • L'Elize |  France | 1821
    Above four ships captured together by USS Alligator. All except the La Jeune Eugene escaped while being escorted to Boston. France protests.[125][126]
  • Teresa |  Spain | 9 April 1824
    A Spanish brig outfitted as a slaver, captured at Monrovia by El Vincendor, commanded by Captain Cottrell.[127][128]

1830-1839

Texas Revolution

  • Pelican |  Mexican Navy | 3 March 1836
    A Mexican merchantman captured by Captain W. Brown in the Liberty, later ran aground on a sandbar and was wrecked.
  • Independence | Texas Naval Ensign.svg | 17 April 1837
    Former cutter USRC Ingham, captured by the Mexican navy in the Battle of the Brazos River. In service under Mexican flag as La Independencia.
See also: First Texas Navy

1839

  • SS Eagle |  Spain |  USA | November 1839
  • SS Clara |  Spain |  USA | November 1839
  • SS Wyoming |  Spain |  USA | November 1839
  • SS Mary Anne Cassard |  Spain |  USA | November 1839
    Above four slaver ships seized together off the coast of Africa using American and Spanish flags to suit the occasion along with fraudulent papers. Captured by British cruiser and brought to United States.[129][130]
  • SS Butterfly |  US | 23 September 1839
    Fitted as a slaver, and captured by a British cruiser on the coast of Africa.[131]
  • SS Catharine |  US | October 1839
    Captured on the African coast by a British cruiser, and brought by her to New York.[131]
  • SS Euphrates |  Spain | 1839
    With American papers, seized by British cruisers as Spanish property. Before this she had been boarded fifteen times.[131]
  • SS My Boy |  US | September 1839
    Seized by a British cruiser, and condemned at Sierra Leone.[131]

1840-1849

  • SS Sarah Ann |  US | March 1840
    Captured with fraudulent papers.[131]
  • SS Tigris |  US | 1840
    Captured by British cruisers and sent to Boston for kidnapping.[131]
  • SS Jones |  US | 1840
    Seized by the British.[131]
  • SS Shakespeare |  US | 7 November 1842
    Shakespeare, of Baltimore, with 430 slaves, captured by British cruisers.[132]
  • SS Cyrus |  US | 1844
    Cyrus, of New Orleans, suspected slaver, captured by the British cruiser Alert.[132]
  • SS Spitfire |  US | 14 May 1845
    Spitfire, of New Orleans, captured on the coast of Africa, under American flag and the captain indicted in Boston.[132]
  • SS Casco |  US | 1849
    Slaver, with no papers; searched, and captured with 420 slaves, by a British cruiser.[133]

Mexican–American War

At the onset of the war on 12 May 1846, Commodore John D. Sloat was in command of the Pacific fleet. The Pacific war against Mexico lasted only eight months with few casualties. The Pacific fleet consisted mainly of ten ships: two ships of the line, two frigates, two sloops-of-war, and four sloops. As the Mexican navy was very small few vessels were ever captured.

First Schleswig War

During the First Schleswig War (1848 – 1850) the Royal Danish Navy first supported the Danish Army's advance south against the rebels in Schleswig-Holstein, and later blockaded the German ports.[135]

  • Christian der achte |  Schleswig-Holstein Private ship | 31 March 1848
    A civilian steamship, captured by the Danish naval steamer Hekla and the brig St. Thomas at Aabenraa. Used as a transport by the Royal Danish Navy.[135]


1850-1859

  • SS Martha |  US |  Brazil | 7 June 1850
    Martha, of New York, captured by USS Perry when about to embark from southern coast of Africa with 1800 slaves. The captain was admitted to bail, and escaped.[136][137]
  • Volusia |  Brazil | 2 July 1850
    A Brazilian brig outfitted as a slaver with a Brazilian crew, carrying false papers under the American flag, captured near Kabinda off the Congo River by British steam-sloop HMS Rattler, commanded by Arthur Cumming.[138]
  • SS Lucy Ann |  US | 1850
    Lucy Ann, of Boston, captured with 547 slaves by the British.[133]
  • SS Navarre | Country of origin unknown | 1850
    Slaver, trading to Brazil, boarded, searched and seized by the commander of H. M. steam-sloop HMS Firefly.[133][139]
  • SS Glamorgan |  US | 1853
    Glamorgan, of New York, captured when about to depart with approximately 700 slaves.[133]
  • SS Grey Eagle |  US | 1854
    Grey Eagle, of Philadelphia, captured off Cuba by British.[133]
  • SS William Clark |  US | 1857
    Ship from New Orleans, seized after prolonged survellience by HMS Firefly.[140][141]
  • SS Jupiter |  US | 1857
    Fitted out at New Orleans, captured by HMS Antelope with 70 slaves aboard.[140][141]
  • SS Eliza Jane |  US | 22 August 1857
    Fitted out at New York, captured by HMS Alecto without papers or colors.[140] [141]
  • SS Jos. H. Record |  US |  Spain |1857
    A schooner from Newport, Rhode Island, captured by HMS Antelope with 191 slaves aboard. Crew members from Spain and USA.[140][141]
  • SS Onward |  US | 1857
    Slaver vessel out of Boston, suspected of several smuggling attempts under American colors. Captured by HMS Alecto.[140] [141]
  • SS Echo |  US |  Brazil | 21 August 1858
    The Echo was commanded by Captain Edward Townsend and financed by foreign nationals from Brazil and was captured by USS Dolphin off the northern coast of Cuba near the Santaren Channel with 306 slaves.[141][142]

1860-1869

  • SS Erie |  US | 1860
    Erie, transporting 897 Africans from African coast, captured by a United States ship.[141]


American Civil War

During the American Civil War the Union naval blockade at first proved to be ineffective at keeping ships from entering or leaving southern ports but towards the end of the war it played a significant role in its victory over the Confederate states. By the end of the war the Union Navy had captured many Confederate ships, moreover had also captured more than 1,100 blockade runners while destroying or running aground another 355 vessels, the majority of them being British vessels, as the British had extensive interests throughout the plantations in the south, foremost of which was cotton. Using their specially designed blockade runners the British also provided arms and other needed supplies to the Confederate Army.[145] The Confederacy came into the war with no Navy to speak of but in little time were producing the now famous ironclad vessels in response to the Union blockade, however these were being destroyed or captured as fast as they were being produced and ultimately did little to alleviate the strangle hold the Union blockade had on the Confederacy.[146]

  • Bermuda |  UKGBI  CSA | 27 April 1862
    A large iron-hulled screw steamer of 1,238 tons built in 1861 at Stockton-on-Tees, England as a blockade runner for transporting military supplies to the Confederacy, commanded by Charles W. Westendorff. Captured by USS Mercedita, commanded by Henry S. Stellwagen.[158][159]
  • USS Water Witch |  United States Navy | 3 June 1864
    A wooden-hulled, sidewheel gunboat used in Gulf blockading squadron, captured by CSN gunboat fleet in Ossabaw Sound, 1st Lt. Thomas P. Pelot in command.
  • Charter Oak |  US | 5 November 1864
    A schooner and cargo ship out of Boston, commanded by Samuel J. Gilman, used in the American Civil War, captured by CSS Shenandoah, commanded by Captain James Iredell Waddell and burned in 1864.[183]
  • SS Syren |  CSA | 18 February 1865
    The Syren [Note 21] was a sidewheel steamer built at Greenwich, Kent, England in 1863 and designed for outrunning and evading the vessels on Union blockade patrol. Owned by the Charleston Importing and Exporting Company, the Syren made her first run on 5 November 1863, running supplies from Nassau to Wilmington. The Syren completed a record 33 runs through the blockade, the most of any blockade runner. Abandoned and set fire the Union Army captured her in Charleston harbor where she had successfully run in through the blockade the night before. [188][189]
    See also: Wilmington, North Carolina in the American Civil War

See also:


Second Schleswig War

During the Second Schleswig War in 1864 the Royal Danish Navy blockaded the German ports. While the Danes suffered military defeat on land during the conflict, their navy succeeded in maintaining the blockade throughout the war.[192]

  • Eudora |  Hamburg Private ship | 2 April 1864
    A civilian barque, captured by the Danish corvette Dagmar off Hamburg.[192]


Chincha Islands War

The Chincha Islands War (1864 – 1866) was a mostly naval conflict between Spain and her former South American colonies Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia.


1870-1879

War of the Pacific

The War of the Pacific (1879 – 1883) was fought between Peru and Bolivia on one side, with Chile on the other. Chile emerged victorious.

  • Rimac |  Chilean Navy | 23 July 1879
    The troopship was captured by the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar and the Peruvian corvette Union off Antofagasta. The ship was taken into service with the Peruvian Navy.[193]


1880-1889

(Ship names / Information forth coming)

1890-1899

Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War lasted only ten weeks and was fought in both the Caribbean and the Pacific theaters. American naval power proved decisive, allowing U.S. expeditionary forces to disembark in Spanish controlled Cuba which was already under constant pressure from frequent insurgent attacks. It is the only American war that was prompted by the fate of a single ship, the USS Maine, then berthed in a Cuban harbor, blown up while its crew lay asleep.

(Ship names / Information forth coming)

See also

References

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  155. ^ Ammen, David 1883 pp.51, 70
  156. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.38
  157. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.166
  158. ^ Tucker, 2006 pp.93, 104
  159. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Bermuda, page article
  160. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Abraham, page article
  161. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, General Bragg, page article
  162. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS General Sumter page article
  163. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.133
  164. ^ Navy Chronology, 1862 July - December, page article
  165. ^ Tucker, 2006 p.109
  166. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.211
  167. ^ a b Wyllie, 2007 pp.141, 165
  168. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.610
  169. ^ Scharf, 1894 p.450
  170. ^ Wyllie, 2007 pp.664-667
  171. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Archer, page article
  172. ^ Wagner, Gallagher, McPherson, 2006 p.564
  173. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.352
  174. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.196
  175. ^ Wilkinson, 1877 p.65
  176. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.191
  177. ^ USGenWeb Project
  178. ^ Wyllie, 2007 p.664
  179. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Tristram Shandy, page article
  180. ^ Hill, 1905 p.428
  181. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Advance, Blockade Running Steamer, page article
  182. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, (USS) Hornet, page article
  183. ^ Bush, 1896 p.801
  184. ^ Bush, 1896 p.802
  185. ^ Bush, 1896 pp.254-255
  186. ^ Wilkinson, 1877 p.61
  187. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS Florida, page article
  188. ^ Wise, 1991 p.211
  189. ^ "Civil War Naval History". History Central
    . http://www.historycentral.com/navy/cwnavalhistory/February1865.html. Retrieved 17 May 2012.     
  190. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Eastport, page article
  191. ^ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS Texas (1865), page article
  192. ^ a b c Gert Laursen. "Oprøret på priseskibet". In Gert Laursen (in Danish). Danish Military History. http://www.milhist.dk/1864/eudora/eudora.htm. Retrieved 26 January 2012. 
  193. ^ Sater, William F. (2007). Andean tragedy: fighting the war of the Pacific, 1879-1884. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 147 – 148. ISBN 978-0-8032-4334-7. 

Notes

  1. ^ 1800 is usually considered part of the 18th century; ships captured that year which are listed here have histories and surrounding histories that extend into the 19th century and are included in this list for continuity and context.
  2. ^ Not to be confused with USS Merrimack (1855) commanded by Moses Brown.[9]
  3. ^ Some sources spell it as L'Ambuscade [26]
  4. ^ HMS Victory was Admiral Nelson's flag ship at the Battle of Trafalgar
  5. ^ Not to be confused with James Wallace (Royal Navy officer) who died in 1803.
  6. ^ After his release from capture Captain Lucas was personally awarded the 'Gold Cross of the Legion of Honor' by Napoleon for his courageous effort during the battle.[39]
  7. ^ Redoutable lost more than 80% of her crew: 300 killed, 222 wounded.
  8. ^ Some sources spell name as Santa Anna[47][48]
  9. ^ Accounts vary: 'J.Thiers' claims Monacra was smashed to pieces on the rocks during the storm that followed the battle.[54]
  10. ^ Ship was renamed several times: Viala, Voltaire, Constitution, Jupiter
  11. ^ Néréide was captured three different times: 1st capture by British on 20 December 1797; 2nd capture by French on 23 August 1810; 3rd capture by British 3 December 1810.
  12. ^ Not to be confused with USS Frolic (1813) or USS Frolic (1862)
  13. ^ Mortally wounded and died seven days after the battle.
  14. ^ Not to be confused with a second Pictou brought into the Royal Navy at Halifax after its capture as the French Bonne Foi on 30 July 1814.[100]
  15. ^ Epervier captured a number of ships before her capture: American privateers, Portsmouth Packet, Alfred, Lively, Active[107]
  16. ^ Peterson (1857) claims 'Captain Manners' was in command at time of capture.[109]
  17. ^ Some sources spell the name as 'Siren' .[110]
  18. ^ Many (most?) sources spell the name as Merrimac without the 'k'.
  19. ^ Accounts of capturing ship differ: The Naval History Division,Office of the Chief of Naval Operations claim it was USS Mount Vernon and USS Mystic that captured the Napier.[164]
  20. ^ John Rodgers was the grandson of the famous Commodore John Rodgers born in 1772.
  21. ^ also spelled as Siren

Bibliography

(Sources placed in alphabetical order by last name of author.)
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  • Maclay, Edgar Stanton (1894). A history of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1893.
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  • Malcomson, Robert (2006). Historical dictionary of the War of 1812.
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  • Wilkinson, John (1877). The Narrative of a Blockade-Runner.
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  • Williams, Greg H. (1824). The French assault on American shipping, 1793-1813:.
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  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1. 
  • Yonge, Charles Duke (1863). The history of the British Navy:
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