Mammals in Singapore currently account for about 50 species. Since the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species has been recorded, including large-sized species such as Tigers, Leopards, deer and Asian Elephants. Most of these have since become extinct largely due to rapid urban development, with the occasional large mammal such as Asian Elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.
Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most serious being the Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel which may be possibly extinct, with the last sighting in 1995. The Banded Leaf Monkey is also down to around 30 individuals. However, some species may be rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malaysian Porcupine which was found on Pulau Tekong in 2005.
The most commonly seen native mammals are the Long-tailed Macaque and the Plantain Squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal that can still be found is the Wild Pig, which is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, but also found on the mainland. The largest mammals in Singapore, however, are the marine creatures, such as the Dugongs and Dolphins. The Colugo is also doing well, but these are rarely seen due to their elusiveness and camouflage.
List of mammals
Order Insectivora (Insectivores)
Family Soricidae (Shrews)
- House Shrew (Suncus murinus) - Urban
- Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa)
Order Pholidota (Pangolins)
Family Manidae (Pangolins)
- Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong
Order Carnivora (Carnivores)
Family Herpestidae (Mongooses)
- Short-tailed Mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus) (extinct)
Family Viverridae (Civets)
- Binturong (Arctictis binturong) - Bukit Panjang (escapee?)
- Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Bukit Batok/Pulau Ubin/Pasir Panjang
- Three-striped Palm Civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)
- Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata) (extinct)
- Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha)
- Large-spotted Civet (Viverra megaspila) (extinct)
- Malayan Civet (Viverra tangalunga) (extinct)
- Otter Civet (Cynogale bennettii) (extinct)
Family Mustelidae (Weasels, Otters and relatives)
- Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) - Western Catchment/Sungei Buloh/Pulau Tekong/Pulau Ubin/Kranji
- Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) - Western Catchment/Sungei Buloh/Pulau Ubin
- Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana) (extinct)
Family Felidae (Cats)
- Domestic Cat (Felis silvestris catus)
- Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong
- Flat-headed Cat (Prionailurus planiceps) (extinct)
- Tiger (Panthera tigris) (extinct)
- Leopard (Panthera pardus) (extinct)
- Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) (extinct)
Family Canidae (Dogs)
- Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Order Sirenia (Sea cows)
Family Dugongidae (Dugong)
- Dugong (Dugong dugon) - Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Changi
Order Proboscidea (Elephants)
Family Elephantidae (Elephants)
- Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) (extinct)
Order Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Ungulates)
Family Tapiridae (Tapirs)
- Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) (extinct)
Order Cetartiodactyla (Cetaceans & Even-toed Ungulates)
Family Delphinidae (Marine dolphins)
- Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus)
- Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) - Singapore Strait
- Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) - Singapore Strait
- Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) - Singapore Strait
- Risso's Dolphin (Grampus griseus)
- Fraser's Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei)
- False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens) (vagrant)
- Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)
- Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris)
Family Phocoenidae (Porpoises)
- Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) - Singapore Strait
Family Balaenopteridae (Rorquals)
- Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
- Bryde's Whale (Balaenoptera edeni)
Family Suidae (Pigs)
- Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) - Western Catchment/Pulau Ubin/Pulau Tekong/Changi/Seletar
Family Cervidae (Deer)
- Sambar (Cervus unicolor) - Central Catchment (result of introduction)
- Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) (extinct)
Family Tragulidae (Mousedeer)
- Lesser Mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
- Greater Mousedeer (Tragulus napu) - Pulau Ubin
Order Rodentia (Rodents)
Family Muridae (Mice and Rats)
- House Mouse (Mus musculus) - urban
- Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) - urban
- Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) - urban
- Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans)
- Malaysian Wood Rat (Rattus tiomanicus)
- Singapore Rat (Rattus annandalei)
- Brown Spiny Rat (Maxomys rajah)
- Red Spiny Rat (Maxomys surifer)
Family Sciuridae (Squirrels)
- Plantain Squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) - gardens/forests
- Finlayson's or Variable Squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) (introduced) - Woodleigh/Bidadari
- Slender Squirrel (Sundasciurus tenuis) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
- Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel (Ratufa affinis) - (extinct)
- Shrew-faced Ground Squirrel (Rhinosciurus laticaudatus)
- Tufted Ground Squirrel (Rheithrosciurus macrotis) (extinct)
- Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes spadiceus)
- Horsfield's Flying Squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii)
- Red Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) (extinct)
Family Hystricidae
- Malaysian Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) - Pulau Tekong
Order Chiroptera (Bats)
Family Pteropodidae (Old World Fruit Bats)
- Island Flying Fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) - unverified
- Malayan Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus)
- Geoffroy's Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus) (extinct)
- Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) - urban
- Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) - Pulau Tekong
- Dusky Fruit Bat (Penthetor lucasi) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
- Common Long-tongued Fruit Bat (Macroglossus minimus)
- Cave Nectar Bat (Eonycteris spelaea)
Family Emballonuridae (Sheath-tailed Bats)
- Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura monticola)
- Black-bearded Tomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogon)
- Pouched Tomb Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus)
Family Nycteridae (Hollow-faced Bats)
- Southeast Asian Hollow-faced Bat (Nycteris tragata)
Family Megadermatidae (False Vampires)
- Lesser False Vampire (Megaderma spasma)
Family Rhinolophidae (Horseshoe Bats)
- Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus)
- Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus luctus)
- Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sedulus) (extinct)
- Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno) (extinct)
- Trefoil Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus)
Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)
- Bicolored Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros bicolor) - Bukit Timah
- Fawn Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros cervinus) (extinct)
- Ridley's Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros ridleyi) (extinct)
Family Vespertilionidae (Evening Bats)
- Hardwicke's Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) - Central Catchment
- Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola)
- Singapore Whiskered Bat (Myotis oreias) - endemic to Singapore but possibly globally extinct
- Grey Large-footed Myotis (Myotis adversus)
- Asiatic Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii)
- Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus)
- Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula)
- Javan Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus) (extinct)
- Narrow-winged Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus stenopterus) - indeterminate
- Brown Tube-nosed Bat (Murina suilla)
Family Molossidae (Free-tailed Bats)
- Naked Bulldog Bat (Cheiromeles torquatus)(extinct)
- Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus) (extinct)
Order Scandentia (Treeshrews)
Family Tupaiidae (Treeshrews)
- Common Treeshrew (Tupaia glis) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Order Dermoptera (Colugo)
Family Cynocephalidae (Colugo)
- Malayan Colugo or Malayan Flying Lemur (Cynocephalus variegatus) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment
Order Primates (Primates)
Family Lorisidae (Lorises)
- Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Tekong
Family Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys)
- Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) - Bukit Timah/Central Catchment/Pulau Ubin/Sisters Islands/Western Catchment
- Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) (extinct)
- Banded Leaf Monkey (Presbytis femoralis) - around 30 left in Central Catchment
- Silvered Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus) (extinct)
- Dusky Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) - Kent Ridge (escapee)
Family Hominidae (Great Apes)
- Human (Homo sapiens)
Note: (extinct) means locally extinct in Singapore.
See also
- Fauna of Singapore
- List of birds of Singapore
- List of Singapore reptiles
- List of Singapore amphibians
External links
- http://www.wildsingapore.per.sg/discovery/mammalia.htm
- http://www.nbrcnparks.org/pdf/Bio_List_Mammal.pdf
- http://www.ecologyasia.com/html-menu/species-list.htm#Mammalia
- http://www.iucnredlist.org/
- http://arcbc.org/cgi-bin/abiss.exe/ldnew?ld=sp_search.htm
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