List of Spanish monarchs

Spain

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This is a list of Spanish monarchs that is, rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the world. The monarchs of the Spanish throne, as well as of the Portuguese throne, were the following:

• Kings of the Visigoths
• Suebi Kings of Gallaecia
• Kings of Asturias
• Kings of Aragon
• Kings of Castile
• Kings of Leon
• Kings of Navarre

These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Although their kingdoms continued to be separate, with their personal union they ruled them together as one dominion. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre and annexed it to what was to become Spain. Isabella left her kingdom to her daughter Joanna of Castile. Ferdinand served as her regent during her insanity; though rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced by Joanna's husband Philip the Handsome, he resumed his regency after Philip's death. In 1516, after Ferdinand II's death, his daughter Joanna inherited the kingdom of Aragon, but was kept prisoner at Tordesillas as insane. As Joanna's son, the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, did not want to be merely a regent, he was proclaimed king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother in Brussels. Subsequently, Castilian and Aragonese Cortes alleged oath to him as co-king with his mother. Upon her death, he became sole King of Castile and Aragon, and the thrones were thereafter united permanently.

Kingdom of Spain (1516–1873)

House of Habsburg / House of Austria

Under Joanna and Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
1	Charles I with Joanna (died April 12, 1555)		March 14, 1516	January 16, 1556	Carlos I	Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Romans, Italy and Spain, Archduke of Austria, (Titular) Duke of Burgundy	son and co-monarch of Joanna; grandson of Isabella I and Ferdinand II
2	Philip II		January 16, 1556	September 13, 1598	Felipe II	King of Spain, Portugal, and Naples King consort of England and Ireland; Ruler of the Spanish Netherlands; Duke of Milan	son of Charles I
3	Philip III		September 13, 1598	March 31, 1621	Felipe III	King of Spain and Portugal	son of Philip II
4	Philip IV		March 31, 1621	September 17, 1665	Felipe IV	King of Spain and (until 1640) Portugal	son of Philip III
5	Charles II		September 17, 1665	November 1, 1700	Carlos II	King of Spain Ruler of the Spanish Netherlands	son of Philip IV

House of Bourbon

In the year 1700 Charles II died. Charles' will named the 16-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor.^[1] Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duc de Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria.^[1]

Both claimants, Philip and Charles, had a legal right to the Spanish throne due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, were sons of Charles' aunts, Anne of Austria and Maria Anna of Austria. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However, the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.^[2]

After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne but would forever renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants.^[3] Following this war broke out and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III opposite to Philip V.^[4]

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
6	Philip V		November 16, 1700	January 14, 1724 (abdicated)	Felipe V	King of Spain	Great Grandson of Philip IV, via his eldest daughter, Maria Theresa of Spain
7	Louis I		January 14, 1724	August 31, 1724	Luis I	King of Spain	Son of Philip V
8	Philip V		September 6, 1724	July 9, 1746	Felipe V	King of Spain	Father of Louis I
9	Ferdinand VI		July 9, 1746	August 10, 1759	Fernando VI	King of Spain	Son of Philip V
10	Charles III		August 10, 1759	December 14, 1788	Carlos III	King of Spain, Naples and Sicily Duke of Parma	Son of Philip V
11	Charles IV		December 14, 1788	March 19, 1808	Carlos IV	King of Spain	Son of Charles III
12	Ferdinand VII		March 19, 1808	May 6, 1808	Fernando VII	King of Spain	Son of Charles IV

House of Bonaparte

The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph, imposed by his brother Emperor Napoleon I of France after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State. He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
13	Joseph I		June 6, 1808	December 11, 1813 (abdicated)	José I	King of Spain King of Naples and Sicily and the Indies Comte de Survilliers

House of Borbon (first restoration)

Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
14	Ferdinand VII		December 11, 1813	September 29, 1833	Fernando VII	King of Spain	Son of Charles IV
15	Isabella II		September 29, 1833	September 30, 1868 (abdicated)	Isabel II	Queen of Spain	Daughter of Ferdinand VII

House of Savoy

After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, there was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from October 8, 1868 until January 2, 1871, while a new monarch was sought. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used was King of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of nation.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
16	Amadeo		December 4, 1870	February 11, 1873	Amadeo I	King of Spain

First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

See President of Spain

Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)

House of Borbon (second restoration)

Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional king of Spain.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
17	Alfonso XII		December 29, 1874	November 25, 1885	Alfonso XII	King of Spain	Son of Isabella II
18	Alfonso XIII		May 17, 1886	April 14, 1931	Alfonso XIII	King of Spain	Posthumous son of Alfonso XII

Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

See President of Spain

Francoist Spain (1936–1975)

On October 1, 1936 General Francisco Franco was proclaimed Head of State (Caudillo) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. After the end of war on April 1, 1939 General Franco took control of the whole of Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.

Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)

House of Borbon (third restoration)

Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.

#	Name		Started	Ended	Spanish Name	Title	Relationship with predecessor(s)
19	Juan Carlos I		November 22, 1975	Incumbent	Juan Carlos I	King of Spain	Grandson of Alfonso XIII, via his son Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona

See also

• List of heads of state of Spain
• Kings of Spain family tree
• Line of Succession to the Spanish Throne
• Royal Consorts of Spain
• Spanish monarchy
• War of the Spanish Succession

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Kamen, Henry. "Philip V of Spain:: The King who Reigned Twice", p.6. Published by Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08718-7
2. ^ Durant, Will. "The Age of Louis XIV", p.699. Simon and Schuster, New York 1963.
3. ^ Kamen, Henry. "Philip V of Spain:: The King who Reigned Twice", p.158. Published by Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08718-7
4. ^ He was proclaimed in Viena, LoveToKnow Free Online Encyclopedia, and also in Madrid in the years 1706 y 1710.

External links

• Kings of Spain, 700–