List of state leaders in 1999

1998 state leaders - Events of 1999 - 2000 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Algeria -
  • President -
    1. Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994-1999)
    2. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998-1999)
    2. Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999-2000)
• Angola -
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996-1999)
    2. Position vacant
• Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996-2006)
• Botswana - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998-present)
• Burkina Faso -
  • President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
  • Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996-2000)
• Burundi - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996-2003)
• Cameroon -
  • President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
  • Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996-2004)
• Cape Verde -
  • President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991-2001)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991-2000)
• Central African Republic -
  • President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993-2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997-1999)
    2. Anicet Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999-2001)
• Chad -
  • President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997-1999)
    2. Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999-2002)
• Comoros -
  • President -
    1. Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, interim President of Comoros (1998-1999)
    2. Azali Assoumani, President of Comoros (1999-2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of Comoros (1998-1999)
    2. Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of Comoros (1999-2000)
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997-2001)
• Republic of the Congo - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997-present)
• Côte d'Ivoire -
  • President -
    1. Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
    2. Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
• Djibouti -
  • President -
    1. Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
    2. Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999-present)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
• Equatorial Guinea -
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
  • Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996-2001)
• Eritrea - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1993-present)
• Ethiopia -
  • President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995-2001)
  • Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995-present)
• Gabon -
  • President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994-1999)
    2. Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999-2006)
• The Gambia - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994-present)
• Guinea -
  • President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996-1999)
    2. Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999-2004)
• Guinea-Bissau -
  • President -
    1. João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1999)
    2. Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta (1999)
    3. Malam Bacai Sanhá, acting President of Guinea-Bissau (1999-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998-2000)
• Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
• Lesotho -
  • Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996-present)
  • Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998-present)
• Liberia - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997-2003)
• Libya -
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969–present)
  • Nominal Head of State - Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani, General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1992–present)
  • Head of Government - Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1997-2000)
• Madagascar -
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998-2002)
• Malawi - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994-2004)
• Mali -
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994-2000)
• Mauritania -
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998-2003)
• Mauritius -
  • President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995-2000)
• Morocco -
  • Monarch -
    1. Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
    2. Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
• Mozambique -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
• Namibia -
  • President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
• Niger -
  • President -
    1. Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
    2. Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council (1999)
    3. Tandja Mamadou, President of Niger (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997-2000)
• Nigeria -
  • President -
    1. Abdulsalami Abubakar, Chairmen of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1998-1999)
    2. Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999-2007)
• Rwanda -
  • President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995-2000)
• São Tomé and Príncipe -
  • President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995-2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996-1999)
    2. Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999-2001)
  • Príncipe - Damião Vaz d'Almeida, President of the Regional Government of Principe (1995–2002)
• Senegal -
  • President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998-2000)
• Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
• Sierra Leone - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
• Somalia - No central government
  • Somaliland - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  • Puntland - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998-2002)
• South Africa -
  1. Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994-1999)
  2. Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–present)
• Sudan - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
• Swaziland -
  • Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
  • Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996-2003)
• Tanzania -
  • President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995-2005)
  • Zanzibar -
    • President - Salmin Amour, President of Zanzibar (1990-2000)
    • Chief Minister - Mohamed Gharib Bilali, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1995-2000)
• Togo -
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996-1999)
    2. Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999-2000)
• Tunisia -
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
    2. Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–present)
• Uganda -
  • President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994-1999)
    2. Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999-present)
• Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) -
  • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
    2. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1999–2003)
• Zambia - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991-2002)
• Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

• Afghanistan -
  • (Taliban)-
    • De Facto Head of State - Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful (1996-2001)
    • De Facto Prime Minister - Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council (1996-2001)
  • (United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan) - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992-2001)
• Bangladesh -
  • President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
• Bhutan -
  • Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lyonpo Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998-1999)
    2. Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1999-2000)
• Brunei - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967-present)
• Cambodia -
  • Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993-2004)
  • Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)
• People's Republic of China -
  • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
  • President - Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China (1993-2003)
  • Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1998-2003)
  • Hong Kong - Tung Chee Hwa, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (1997-2005)
  • Macau - Edmund Ho, Chief Executive of Macau (1999-present)
• India -
  • President - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998-2004)
• Indonesia -
  1. Jusuf Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
  2. Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
  • Prime Minister - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998-2000)
• Kazakhstan -
  • President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
    2. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
• North Korea -
  • De facto Ruler - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defense Commission (1993-present)
  • Head of State - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998-present)
  • Premier - Hong Song Nam, Premier of North Korea (1997-2003)
• South Korea -
  • President - Kim Dae Jung, President of South Korea (1998-2003)
  • Prime Minister - Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1998-2000)
• Kyrgyzstan -
  • President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998–1999)
    2. Boris Silayev, acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999)
    3. Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999–2000)
• Laos -
  • President - Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998-2006)
  • Prime Minister - Sisavath Keobounphanh, Prime Minister of Laos (1998-2001)
• Malaysia -
  • Monarch -
    1. Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1994-1999)
    2. Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999-2001)
  • Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
• Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–present)
• Mongolia -
  • President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997-2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998-1999)
    2. Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, acting Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999)
    3. Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999-2000)
• Myanmar -
  • Chairman - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992-2003)
• Nepal -
  • Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998-1999)
    2. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (1999-2000)
• Pakistan -
  • President - Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998-2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997-1999)
    2. Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999-2002)
• Philippines - Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998-2001)
• Singapore -
  • President -
    1. Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993-1999)
    2. Sellapan Ramanathan, President of Singapore (1999-present)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
• Sri Lanka -
  • President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994-2000)
• Taiwan (Republic of China) -
  • President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
  • Premier - Vincent Siew, Premier of the Republic of China (1997-2000)
• Tajikistan -
  • President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996-1999)
    2. Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–present)
• Thailand -
  • Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
  • Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997-2001)
• Turkmenistan - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1991–2006)
• Uzbekistan -
  • President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
• Vietnam -
  • Communist Party Leader - Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997-2001)
  • President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997-2006)
  • Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997-2006)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
  • Governor-General - William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996-2001)
  • Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996-present)
• Fiji -
  • President - Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993-