This list of Subsaharan folk music traditions cites styles, dances, instruments and other related topics of indigenous peoples. The term folk music and tradition in this context demands unusual criteria since a great deal of African music is communal and orally transmitted yet some of this is clearly contemporary-popular music while some is art-music.
Traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.
Contents |
Ethnomusicological subdivisions
- Music of the northern region of Africa, including that of the Horn of Africa, is treated separately under Middle Eastern and North African music traditions.
- The eastern region includes the music of Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe as well as the islands of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Mauritius and Comor.
- The southern region includes the music of South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia and Angola.
- The central region includes the music of Chad, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia, including Pygmy music.
- The western region includes the music of Senegal and the Gambia, of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia, of the inland plains of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, the coastal nations of Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and the the Republic of the Congo as well as islands such as Sao Tome and Principe.
East Africa
Acholi [1] Instrumentation = adungu
Borana [2] Instrumentation = chamonge guitar
Buganda (also Ganda, Baganda) [3] Styles = akadinda - entenga - okunaga - okwawula Dance = baksimba Instrumentation = akadinda - engelabi - ennanga - entenga - trumpet
Gusii [5] Instrumentation = ground bow - obokano
Lango [1] Instrumentation = okeme
Luhya [6] Instrumentation = sukuti
Luo [7] Styles = benga Instrumentation = nyatiti
Maasai#Music and Dance [8] Styles = polyphonic song Other = eunoto
Music of the Mascarene Islands includes the music of Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues [9] Styles = maloya music - sega Dance = sega Instrumentation = kayamb - maravanne - ravanne - tambour Other = maloya (ritual)
Nuba [10] Instrumentation = rababa Other = Kambala
Music of Rwanda and Music of Burundi inc. Watusi Bahutu Hutu Tutsi [11] Dance = ikinimba-umushayayo - umuhamirizo - imparamba - inkaranka - igishakamba - ikinyemera Instrumentation = ikembe - inanga - ingoma - iningiri - umuduri -ikondera - ihembe - urutaro
Seychellois music [12] Dance = contonbley - contredanse - mazurka - polka
Soga [13] Instrumentation = panpipe
Swahili [14] Styles = gungu - kinanda - ngoma - wedding music Dance = chakacha - kumbwaya - vugo Instrumentation = dumbak - kibangala - oud - qanun - rika - tabla - taishokoto
Zaramo [16] Styles = ngoma Dance = msondo - ngoma Instrumentation = msondo
Southern Africa
| Lists of folk music traditions |
| Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Asia |
| Caribbean |
| Central America |
| Europe |
| Middle East & North Africa |
| North America |
| Oceania and Australia |
| South America |
Afrikaans music[17] Styles = orkes Instrumentation = accordion - concertina
Bemba music[18] Instrumentation = babatone - kalela
Bushmen music[19] Also Basarwa, Khoe, Khwe, San, !Kung Styles = hocket
Chewa music[20] Dance = gule wa mkulu - nyau
Chopi music[21] Styles = timbala Instrumentation = kalimba - mbila - timbila - valimba - xigovia - xipala-pala - xipendane - xitende - xizambe
Comorian music [22] Styles = ngoma Instrumentation = gabusi - msondo - ndzendze
Henga music[23] Dance = vimbuza
Kaonde music[24] Dance = kachacha
Lemba music[25] Instrumentation = mbira
Lomwe music[26] Dance = tchopa
Luvale music[27] Dance = manchancha
Music of Madagascar [28] Styles = sega - vakodrazana Dance = basese - salegy - sega - sigaoma - tsapika - watsa watsa Instrumentation = jejy voatavo - kabosy - lokanga - marovany - sodina - valiha Other = famadihana
Ndbele music[29] Instrumentation = guitar Other = bira
Ngoni music[30] Dance = ingoma
Nyanja music[31] Dance = chitsukulumwe - gule wa mkulu - likhuba
Pedi music[32] Styles = harepa Instrumentation = harepa
Shangaan music[33] Instrumentation = guitar
Shona music also Tsonga [34] Instrumentation = hosho - karimba - matepe - mbira - ngoma - njari - panpipe Other = bira - kushaura-kutsinhira
Sotho music [35] Styles = mohabelo
Tonga music[36] Dance = mganda
Tumbuka music[37] Dance = vimbuza
Venda music[38] Instrumentation = ngoma - panpipe
Xhosa music [39] |Instrumentation = uhadi
Yao music[40] Dance = beni - likwata
Yombe music[13] Instrumentation = panpipe
Zulu music [41] Styles = izihlabo - maskanda Instrumentation = guitar Other = ukubonga
Central Africa
Bamileke [42] Styles = mangambe Instrumentation = tam tam
Bashi [43] Instrumentation = lulanga
Beti-Pahuin [45] Style = bikutsi Dance = bikutsi Instrumentation = njang - rattle
Fang people [46] Styles = chorus and drum group Instrumentation = mvet Other = bebom-mvet
Pygmy music [47] Styles = hindewhu - hocket - likanos - liquindi - lullaby - yelli Instrumentation = flute - ieta - limbindi - molimo - ngombi - trumpet - whistle Other = boona - elima - jengi - molimo
Music of São Tomé and Principe [48] Styles = danço-congo - dêxa - socopé - ússua - xtléva Dance = danço-congo - puíta - ússua Instrumentation = cowbell - flute - rattle Other = Tchiloli
West Africa
Abaluhya music[49] Styles = litungo
Adja music[50] Styles = tchinkoumé
Akan music[51] Styles = adaha - agbadza - akwete - ashiko - asonko - gombe - konkomba - mainline - osibisaba - sikyi Dance = adowa - osibisaba - sikyi Instrumentation = atumpan - seprewa
Appollo music[52] Dance = abissa - fanfare - grolo - sidder Instrumentation = edengole
Balanta music[53] Styles = brosca - kussundé
Ashanti music[54] (Asante) Styles = adowa - kete Dance = Instrumentation = aburukawa - apentemma - dawuro - torowa
Baoulé music[55] Styles = gbébé - polyphony
Beriberi music[56] Styles = polyphonic song Dance = gerewol
Bijagos music[57]
Music of Cape Verde [58] Styles = batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca Dance = batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca Instrumentation = gaita - cavaquinho - cimboa - ferrinho - rabeca - violão - viola
Dagomba music[59] Dance = takai - damba - tora - jera - simpa - bamaya - geena Instrumentation = lunga/talking drum - gungon - flute - gonje fiddle - bell
Dan music[60] Dance = mask dance
Ewe music [61] Styles = takada Dance = agbadza - Gadzo Instrumentation = atsimevu - axatse - gankogui - gboba - kaganu - kidi - simevu - sogo
Fula music(also Fulani, Pulaar) [62] Instrumentation = fiddle - flute Other = gawlo
Goun music [63] Instrumentation = kakagbo - hongan
Hausa music [64] Styles = praise song - rokon fada Dance = asauwara - bori Instrumentation = aglhaïta - duma - ganga - goge - kakati - kalangu - kontigi - kukkuma - molo Other = bòòríí
Igbo music [65] |Styles = egwu ota Instrumentation = obo - ufie - ogene
Kasena music[66] Styles = hocket - jongo - len yoro Dance = jongo - nagila - pe zara - war dance Instrumentation = gullu - gungonga - korbala - kornia - sinyegule - wua - yong wui
Lobi music[67] |Instrumentation = xylophone
Luo music[49] |Styles = nyatiti
Mande music [68] Styles = donkilo - jaliya - kumbengo - praise singing - sataro - Wassoulou hunters' song Dance = bansango - didadi - dimba - sogominkum Instrumentation = balo - balafon - bolon - djembe - doundoun - fle - kamalengoni - karinyan - kontingo - kora - ngoni - soku - tama - tamani Other = jali - jatigui - nyamakala
Music of Mauritania [69] Styles = al-bayda - epic - fagu - l'-gnaydiya - al-kahla - karr[disambiguation needed] - labyad - lakhal - lebtayt - praise song Instrumentation = ardin - daghumma - tbal - tidinit Other = iggawin
Mossi music[70] Styles = djambadon - griot Instrumentation = Other = Larle Naaba
Senoufo music[71] Styles = funereal music - poro
Serer music[72] Styles = polyphonic song
Toucouleur music (Tukulor) [73]
Wolof music [74] Styles = Dance = farwoudiar Instrumentation = halam Other = gewel
Yoruba music [75] Styles = dundun Dance = gelede Instrumentation = bata - dundun - gangan - gudugudu - igbin - iyalu - kakakai - sekere Other = spraying
Notes
- ^ a b Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105; World Music Central
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 112; Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Jacquemin, Jean-Pierre, Jadot Sezirahigha and Richard Trillo, "Echoes from the Hills" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 608 - 612
- ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ a b Turino, pg. 183
- ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Karolyi, pg. 24
- ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Paco, Celso, "A Luta Continua" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 579 - 584; Karolyi, pg. 32; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Karolyi, pg. 45
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 111 - 112; World Music Central
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Turino, pgs. 105, 162, 182 - 183; Kendall, Judy and Banning Eyre, "Jit, Mbira and Chimurenga" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 706 - 716
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Turino, pg. 183; Karolyi, pg. 37
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 107
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 142
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Dominguez, Manuel, "Malabo Blues" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 477 - 479
- ^ Includes the Aka, Baka, Mambuti Mbuti and Efé; Turino, pgs. 170 - 171; Abram, Dave, "Sounds from the African Rainforest" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 601 - 607; Karolyi, pg. 24
- ^ Lima, Conceução and Caroline Shaw, "Island Music of Central Africa" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 613 - 616
- ^ a b Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 101
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
- ^ includes the Ashanti, Fanti and Nzema; Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 90, 92, 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
- ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Bensignor, François, "Sounds of the Sahel" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587
- ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 96; Máximo, Susana and David Peterson, "Music of Sweet Sorrow" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 448 - 457
- ^ Turino, pg. 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Turino, pg. 178; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; Karolyi, pg. 42
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
- ^ Turino, pg. 184; Bensignor, François and Ronnie Graham, "Sounds of the Sahel" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587 and pgs. 588 - 600
- ^ Ronnie Graham, "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 588 - 600
- ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Includes the Mandinka, Maninka and Bamana; Turino, pgs. 172 - 173; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, Guus de Klein, and Lucy Duran, "Hidden Treasure", "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" and "West Africa's Musical Powerhouse" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439, pgs. 499 - 504 and pgs. 539 - 562; Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 95; World Music Central
- ^ Includes Sahrawi music; Muddyman, David and Richard Trillo, "The Ways of the Moors" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 563 - 566
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, "Hidden Treasure" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
- ^ Turino, pg. 183; Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; World Music Central
- ^ Turino, pgs. 181 - 182; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436 and pgs. 588 - 600; Karolyi, pg. 43
References
- Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music (First edition ed.). London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- Karolyi, Otto (1998). Traditional African & Oriental Music. Penguin Books. ISBN 0140231072.
- Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195053427.
- Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music (Second edition ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-230632-8.
- Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). Jeff Todd Titan (Ed.). ed. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (Second Edition ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872602-2.
- "International Dance Glossary". World Music Central. http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
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