List of subcultures
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List of subcultures
This is a list of subcultures.
| Contents: |
|---|
A
B
- BDSM[2]
- Beat Generation,[3] see Beatnik
- Biker, see also Motorcycle clubs and Outlaw motorcycle clubs
- Bills[4]
- Bodybuilding[5]
- Bohemianism[6]
- Bōsōzoku[7]
C
D
E
F
G
- Glam rock and glam metal[17]
- Gopnik
- Goth subculture[18]
- Gothic Lolita[9][19]
- Greaser (subculture)[20]
- Grunge
H
- Hacker,[21] see Hacker (free and open source software) and Hacker (computer security)
- Hardline (subculture)
- Hip hop culture, see also B-boy, Graffiti artists
- Hippie/Hippy[22]
- Hipster, see Hipster (1940s subculture) and Hipster (contemporary subculture)
I
- Industrial,[23] see also Rivethead.
J
L
- Leather subculture
- LGBT culture, see also Bears (Gay)
M
N
O
- Otaku[31]
- Otherkin, see also Vampire lifestyle and Therianthropy
P
Q
R
- Raggare
- Rave[35]
- Riot Grrrl[36]
- Rivethead, see Industrial music
- Rockabilly[37]
- Rocker (subculture)[38]
- Role-playing gamers[39]
- Rude boy[37][40]
S
- Science fiction fandom
- Scooterboy[41]
- Scouting[42]
- Skater
- Skinhead;[43] See also: Gay skinhead,[43] Redskin (subculture), Trojan skinhead, White power skinhead & Suedehead[44]
- Soulboy[45]
- Steampunk[46]
- Stilyaga
- Straight edge
- Surf culture
- Survivalism
- Swing Kids
- Swinging [47]
T
Z
See also
- History of Western Subcultures in the 20th Century
- Lifestyle (sociology)
- Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
- Youth subculture
Notes
- ^ Sources for Alcoholics Anonymous:
- Klaus Mäkelä, Alcoholics Anonymous, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (1996). Alcoholics Anonymous as a mutual-help movement: a study in eight societies. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-15004-6, 9780299150044. http://books.google.com/books?id=BlwWuc20kMgC&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=subculture+Klaus+M%C3%A4kel%C3%A4,+Alcoholics+Anonymous&source=bl&ots=tKUIskATL0&sig=4s7T2UfhvHHyUVTv6Q2nLU4caV4&hl=en&ei=e7eETsXINoSQsALNnuCRDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- ^ BDSM sources:
- Juliet Richters, Richard O. de Visser, Chris E. Rissel, Andrew E. Grulich, Anthony M.A. Smith (July 2008). "Demographic and Psychosocial Features of Participants in Bondage and Discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey". Journal of Sexual Medicine 5 (7): 1660–1668. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x. PMID 18331257.
- Sandra R. Leiblum (2006). Principles and practice of sex therapy. Guilford Press. pp. 380, 405. ISBN 1-59385-349-1, 9781593853495. http://books.google.com/?id=IoG26ZJ-gkkC&pg=PA380&vq=bdsm+subculture.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages 295. Chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
- ^ Theodore Trefon (2004), Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa (illustrated ed.), Zed Books, p. 138, ISBN 978-1-84277-491-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC
- ^ Sources for Bodybuilding:
- Alan M. Klein (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-1559-7, 9780791415597. http://books.google.com/?id=z-ax2426Kw0C&pg=PA6&vq=subculture.
- KOERT W. (March 28, 1988). "Tales of lies. The bodybuilder's body between reality and fantasy". Amsterdams sociologisch tijdschrift 25 (2): 276–294, 324. ISSN 0921-4933. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2454011.
- Andrew Yiannakis, Merrill J. Melnick (2001). Contemporary Issues in Sociology of Sport. Human Kinetics. pp. 413–425. ISBN 0-7360-3710-1, 9780736037105. http://books.google.com/?id=NNuDZJtRweUC&pg=PA413&vq=bodybuilding+subculture.
- ^ Sources:
- Gerald W. McFarland (2001). Inside Greenwich Village: A New York City Neighborhood, 1898-1918. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-55849-299-8. http://books.google.com/?id=0_yDbFQjwaoC&pg=PP4&vq=bohemian+bohemianism+subculture.
- Mike Brake (1980). The sociology of youth culture and youth subcultures: sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll (reprinted ed.). Routledge. p. 90. ISBN 0-7100-0364-1. http://books.google.es/books?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA90&dq=bohemian+subculture#v=onepage&q=bohemian%20subculture&f=false.
- ^ Joachim Kersten (2003). "Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan". Crime & Delinquency 39 (3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/0011128793039003002. http://cad.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/3/277.
- ^ Sources:
- Ken Gelder pages 91, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
- Steve Redhead (Autumn 2004). "Hit and Tell: a Review Essay on the Soccer Hooligan Memoir" (PDF). Soccer and Society 5 (3): 392–403. doi:10.1080/1466097042000279625. http://www.pierretristam.com/pdfs/wc1.pdf.
- Juliet Ash, Lee Wright (chapter author: Deborah Lloyd) (1988). "Assemblage and subculture: the Casuals and their clothing". Components of dress: design, manufacturing, and image-making in the fashion industry (illustrated ed.). Routledge. pp. 100–106. ISBN 0-415-00647-3. http://books.google.com/?id=03w9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=casuals+subculture.
- ^ a b Isaac Gagné (June 2008). "Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology (Blackwell Publishing) 18 (1): 130–150(21). doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/jola/2008/00000018/00000001/art00007.
- ^ bell 2001, pages 101-102, 154-184
- ^ Sources:
- Marc Marschark (1997). Psychological Development of Deaf Children (reprint, illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press US. p. 20. ISBN 0-19-511575-9, 9780195115758. http://books.google.com/?id=7-Xi91OINwIC&pg=PA20&vq=Deaf+subculture.
- Jeffery P. Braden (1994). Deafness, Deprivation, and IQ (illustrated ed.). Springer. ISBN 0-306-44686-3, 9780306446863. http://books.google.com/?id=9u2t-nrEIIsC&pg=PA49&vq=Deaf+subculture.
- ^ Sources:
- René T. A. Lysloff, Leslie C. Gay (2003). Music and technoculture (illustrated ed.). Wesleyan University Press. pp. 37–38,50 58, isbn = 0-8195-6514-8, 9780819565143.
- "Course Description: The Demoscene: An Introduction to Programming and Subcultures". Columbia College Chicago. http://www2.colum.edu/course_descriptions/36-1930J.html.
- ^ Sources for emo subculture:
- Shirley R. Steinberg, Priya Parmar, Birgit Richard (2006). Contemporary Youth Culture: An International Encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33729-2. http://books.google.com/?id=KgNHAAAAMAAJ&vq=emo+subculture. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- Lydia Scott, Anna Chur-Hansen (2008-06-02). "The mental health literacy of rural adolescents: Emo subculture and SMS texting". Australasian Psychiatry 16 (5): 359. doi:10.1080/10398560802027328. PMID 18608151. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a793644932~db=all.
- Michele Kirsch (2008-07-06). "Emotionally challenged". The Times. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article683312.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- Chris Hawley (2008-04-18). "Subculture clash among Mexico youth". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-04-14-emo_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- Martin, G. (2006). "Editorial. On suicide and subcultures" (PDF). Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health 5 (3): 1–5. http://www.auseinet.com/journal/vol5iss3/martin.pdf.
- Ianto Ware (August 7, 2008). "Andrew Keen Vs the Emos: Youth, Publishing, and Transliteracy". M/C Journal 11 (4). http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/41.
- ^ Harris, Cheryl; Alexander, Alison (1998). Theorizing fandom : fans, subculture and identity. Hampton Press. ISBN 1-57273-114-1 157273115X 157273115X (pbk.) 157273115X. http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2023772.
- ^ Fred Davis, Laura Munoz (2011), "8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies", in Lee Rainwater, Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy, Aldine Transaction, pp. 88–95, ISBN 978-1-4128-1503-1, http://books.google.com/books?id=-QmeFSAE8G8C
- ^ Sources:
- Kendall, Lori (Spring 2008). "James Bond, Peter Pan, and A Sticky Night of Love: Irony and Masculinities in Amateur Animated Videos Journal". The Journal of Men's Studies (Men's Studies Press) 16 (2): 124–139. doi:10.3149/jms.1602.124. ISSN (Print) 1933-0251 (Online) 1060-8265 (Print) 1933-0251 (Online). http://mensstudies.metapress.com/content/m7126715uj0qk666/. "(...)sion of images of furries (a subculture of people (...) and other stigmatized identities, such as furries) can be (...)"
- Lori Kendall (2002). Hanging out in the virtual pub: masculinities and relationships online (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. pp. 45–46. ISBN 0-520-23038-8, 9780520230385. http://books.google.com/?id=NMqtEGrumZAC&pg=PA45&vq=furry+furries+antifurry.
- ^ Sources for glam:
- Jon Stratton (June 2006). "Why Doesn't Anyone Write about Glam Rock". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies 4 (1). http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm.
- Gina Marchetti (December 1998). "Fringe cultures". Jump Cut (42). http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC42folder/FringeCultures.html.
- Peter Childs, Mike Storry (1999). Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 229. ISBN 0-415-14726-3, 9780415147262. http://books.google.com/?id=2u1yAksuT0QC&pg=PA229&vq=glam+subculture.
- Goodlad, pages: 6, 19-20, 34-35, 66, 78, 92, 259
- ^ Catherine Spooner, Emma McEvoy (2007). The Routledge Companion to Gothic. London: Routledge. pp. 195–196, 263–264. ISBN 0-415-39843-6.
- ^ Mary Jane Kehily, Open University (2007). Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices (illustrated ed.). London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 1-4129-3064-2. http://books.google.com/?id=wm71xZpy_ZkC&pg=PA268&vq=gothic+lolita+gothi-loli+subculture.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages 91, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
- ^ Sources:
- bell 2001,pages 179-185
- Douglas Thomas (0816633460, 9780816633463). Hacker Culture (illustrated ed.). University of Minnesota Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-8166-3346-3. http://books.google.com/?id=xgjHgtL28CAC&pg=PA141&vq=hacker+subculture.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- 23 chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder
- 91 from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
- 106, 110-111 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber;
- 127 from chapter "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
- 136-137 from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie
- 304 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
- ^ Goodlad, page 68-71
- ^ Sources:
- Karen Bettez Halnon (Winter 2006). "Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism". Symbolic Interaction 29 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33.
- Karen Bettez Halnon (2004). "Inside Shock Music Carnival: Spectacle as Contested Terrain". Critical Sociology 30 (3): 743–779. doi:10.1163/1569163042119868.
- ^ Billy Baker (2007-03-05). "Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/03/25/up_for_the_count/. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- ^ "Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations". http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Fashioncore.
- ^ Sources:
- Jeffrey Arnett (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w6108m474v72385w/.
- Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
- ^ Jon Stratton (1986). "Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock?". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies 4 (1): 15–38. http://humanities.curtin.edu.au/schools/MCCA/ccs/AJCS_journal/J4V1/J4V1Why%20doesn't%20anybody%20write%20anything%20about%20glam%20rock.htm.
- ^ Sources for nudism:
- Karl Eric Toepfer (1997). Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935. University of California Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-520-20663-0, 9780520206632. http://books.google.com/?id=FgvYUZh75WwC&pg=PA31&vq=nudism+subculture.
- Edwin B. Steen, James H. Price (1988). Human Sex and Sexuality: Second Revised and Enlarged Edition. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-25544-1, 9780486255446. http://books.google.com/?id=tskaUI5KYLoC&vq=nudism+subculture. Pages: 179 194-196
- ^ Sources:
- Ken Gelder pages: 516, 550
- Sandra Buckley (2002). Taylor & Francis. ed. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 380. ISBN 0-415-14344-6. http://books.google.com/?id=tOaHI25bn-kC&pg=PA380&vq=otaku+OR+subculture+OR+subcultures+OR+subcultural.
- ^ Pachuco sources:
- Eva Paulino Bueno, Terry Caesar, University Library System, Digital Research Library, University of Pittsburgh (1998). Imagination beyond nation: Latin American popular culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 7,14,227–229,230–232,243. ISBN 0-8229-5686-1. http://books.google.com/?id=jxjQdKMDPOYC&pg=PA227&vq=pachuco+subculture.
- Margaret M. Lock, Judith Farquhar (2007). Beyond the Body Proper: Reading the Anthropology of Material Life. Durham: Duke Univ. Press. pp. 349, 355. ISBN 0-8223-3845-9. http://books.google.com/?id=65_wXDavMoUC&pg=PA349&vq=pachuco+subculture.
- Joe Austin; Michael Willard (1998). Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-century America (illustrated ed.). New York: New York Univ. Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-8147-0646-0. http://books.google.com/?id=dyXC3oyvmqcC&pg=PA153&vq=pachuco+subculture.
- Ken Gelder page: 309 from chapter: Black hair/style politics by Kobena Mercer
- ^ John D. DeLamater (2003). Handbook of social psychology (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 165–168. ISBN 0-306-47695-9, 9780306476952. http://books.google.com/?id=-x4jOgoadvUC&pg=PA165&vq=preppies+subcultures.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- ^ Sources:
- Ken Gelder
- Angela McRobbie (1994). Postmodernism and popular culture (illustrated, reprint ed.). Routledge. pp. 168–170. ISBN 0-415-07713-3, 9780415077132. http://books.google.com/?id=FOhwrt8kjHsC&pg=PA168&vq=rave+subculture.
- Cameron Hazlehurst (1998). Transaction Publishers. ed. Gangs and Youth Subcultures: International Explorations. Transaction Publishers. pp. 57–60. ISBN 1-56000-363-4, 9781560003632. http://books.google.com/?id=JhObWrzxcWIC&pg=PA60&vq=rave+subculture.
- Gavan Titley, Council of Europe. Directorate of Youth and Sport (2004). Resituating culture. Council of Europe. pp. 181, 183–184. ISBN 92-871-5396-5, 9789287153968. http://books.google.com/?id=jCdO77_24zcC&pg=PA181&vq=rave+subculture.
- Brian Longhurst, Gaynor Bagnall, Greg Smith, Garry Crawford, Scott McCracken, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin (2008). Introducing Cultural Studies (2, illustrated ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN 1-4058-5843-5, 9781405858434. http://books.google.com/?id=jl2dzvtgvbEC&pg=PA258&dq=rave+subculture+subcultures.
- ^ Sources:
- ^ a b Muggleton, pages 721,728
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- ^ Sources:
- Gary Alan Fine (1983). Shared Fantasy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 25–38,236-???. ISBN 0-226-24944-1, 9780226249445. http://books.google.com/?id=rLlLbN0XuSEC&pg=PA25&vq=gamer+subculture.
- Stanley W. Beeler, Stan Beeler, Lisa Dickson; Stan Beeler, Lisa Dickson (2006). Reading Stargate SG-1. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-183-4, 9781845111830. http://books.google.com/?id=MO30KAzBb_MC&pg=PA189&vq=role+playing+subculture.
- ^ Sources:
- Epstein, page 100
- Ken Gelder pages 103 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys)
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- ^ Sources for Scouting:
- Tammy M. Proctor (2002). "On my honour": Guides and Scouts in interwar Britain, Volume 92, Part 2. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-922-2, 9780871699220. http://books.google.com/books?id=4y0LAAAAIAAJ&dq=scout+subculture&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
- ^ a b Ken Gelder pages:
- 294, from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
- 339, from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson
- 370-381, from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
- 471, chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw
- ^ "The Skinheads". Time. 1970-06-08. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909318,00.html?promoid=googlep. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ^ http://www.ica.org.uk/20362/DANCESCHOOL/Subjective-Thoughts-On-A-Neglected-Scene.html Soulboy
- ^ Sources for steampunk:
- Erico Gizzo. "The steampunk contraptors". IEEE Spectrum (10.08 vol 45 number 10). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04635034.
- La Ferla, Ruth (2008-05-08). "Steampunk Moves Between 2 Worlds". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/08/fashion/08PUNK.html?ex=1210824000&en=37050ac6c0c4b37f&ei=5070. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- "Visões Perigosas: Para uma genealogia do cyberpunk" (in portuguese). e-compos Revista da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação. 6 Estudos Culturais: 7. August 2006. http://www.compos.org.br/seer/index.php/e-compos/article/view/81/81.
- Adriana Amaral (December 2008). "Subculturas e cibercultura(s): para uma genealogia das identidades de um campo" (in portuguese). Famecos (37): footnote 13 in page 6. http://revcom2.portcom.intercom.org.br/index.php/famecos/article/view/5553/5037.
- ^ Sources for swinging:
- Mary Lindenstein Walshok (April 1971). "The Emergence of Middle-Class Deviant Subcultures: The Case of Swingers". Social Problems 18 (4): 488–495. doi:10.1525/sp.1971.18.4.03a00060. http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/sp.1971.18.4.03a00060.
- Marilyn Coleman, Lawrence H. Ganong, Kelly Warzinik (2007). Family Life in 20th-Century America. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 276–278. ISBN 0-313-33356-4, 9780313333569. http://books.google.com/?id=8Bj3FhBVNSYC&pg=PA276&vq=swinging+subculture.
- ^ Sources:
- Ken Gelder pages:
- Mike Brake (1980). The Sociology of Youth Culture and Youth Subcultures. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 143. ISBN 0-7100-0364-1. http://books.google.com/?id=V6g9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143&vq=teenybopper+subculture.
- ^ Ken Gelder pages:
- 98, 101, 102 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.
- 105, 107 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
- 126 from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
- 161-162 from chapter "Symbols of trouble" by Stanley Cohen
- 273 from chapter "Introduction to part five" by Ken Gelder
- 284-287 from chapter "Fashion and revolt (1963)" by T.R.Fyvel
- 309 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
- 367, 372 from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
- ^ Trekkie sources:
- Chamberlain, Daniel Luke; Alexander, Malcolm Laurence (2005). "Personal networks and the social world of ordinary Star Trek fans: Method and first results". TASA 2005 Conference Proceedings. The Sociological Association of Australia. http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/handle/10072/2442?mode=full. "The fans of the science fiction franchise, Star Trek, are known as 'Trekkies' and are the only fan subculture to have an entry in the OED."
- bell 2001 page 167–169
- Robert V. Kozinets (June 2001). "Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek’s Culture of Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research 28 (1): 67. doi:10.1086/321948.
- ^ Zazou sources:
- Larry Portis (2004). French Frenzies: A Social History of Pop Music in France. College Station, TX: Virtualbookworm.com. p. 103. ISBN 1-58939-547-6. http://books.google.com/?id=QNi4KH0yYYgC&pg=PA103&vq=zazou+subculture.
- Diana Crane (2001). Fashion and Its Social Agendas: Class, Gender, and Identity in Clothing (illustrated ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-226-11799-5. http://books.google.com/?id=vphcHONAXmwC&pg=RA1-PA183&vq=zazou+subculture.
- Anthony Uhlmann (1999). Beckett and Poststructuralism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 0-521-64076-8. http://books.google.com/?id=jYeqHnyuk6QC&pg=PA56&vq=zazou+subculture.
References
- Bell, David, ed. (2001). "Cybersubcultures". An Introduction to Cybercultures. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24659-8, 9780415246590.
- Epstein, Jonathon S. (1998). Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55786-851-4.
- Gelder, Ken, ed. (2005). The Subcultures Reader. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34415-9. http://books.google.com/?id=46OYHkjZR4AC&pg=PA110&vq=rocker+subculture. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
- Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (2007). Goth. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3921-8, 9780822339212. http://books.google.com/?id=OdpOdIATKOcC&pg=PA35&vq=glam+subculture.
- Muggleton, David (2002). Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style. Berg Publishers. ISBN 1-85973-352-2.
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