List of surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War
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List of surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War
The following is a list of known surviving veterans of the Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 – April 1, 1939). The total number of participating personnel is unknown, but there were an estimated 35,000 foreigners who fought on the Republican side in what was known as the International Brigades. In addition, Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany sent as many as 20,000 soldiers (not all at the same time) and Benito Mussolini of Italy sent as many as 60,000 soldiers to fight alongside the soldiers of Spanish General Francisco Franco.
Veterans, for this purpose, are defined as people who were members of the armed forces of one of the combatant forces up to and including the date recognized as the end of the War, which was April 1, 1939.
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Republican Forces–19 veterans
| Nationality | Name | Date of Birth | Age | Residence | Force served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Landauer, Hans | 19 April 1921 | 91 | Austria | International Brigade | Joined on February 12, 1937. Wounded on September 4, 1937, in Fuendetodos. Arrested in November 1940 and sent to Dachau concentration camp. Lives in Oberwaltersdorf.[1] |
| Czechoslovakia | Dufek, Karel | 24 January 1916 | 96 | Czech Republic | International Brigade | Joined in January 1937. Lieutenant-Colonel in Republican Army. Czechoslovak Ambassador in Brazil from 1968-1972.[2] |
| Czechoslovakia | Vodicka, Adolf | 26 January 1913 | 99 | Czech Republic | International Brigade | Member of the Sokol Association and youth. Captain in Republican Army. Fought in World War II.[3] |
| Finland | Päiviö, Jules | 1915 | 97 | Canada | Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion | Captured by Italian troops from March 1938 to spring 1939 being imprisoned in Burgos. Enlisted in World War II, but was prohibited from fighting on front due to Spanish veterans being treated as Communists. Professor and architect. Lives in Sudbury.[4][5][6] |
| France Germany |
Low, Adolphe | 21 July 1915 | 96 | France | Bataillon Edgar André | Joined in 1936 after fleeing from Nazis to France. Later fought in French Resistance.[7] |
| Germany | Teppich, Fritz | 26 November 1918 | 93 | Germany | Second Spanish Republic | Member of social youth groups during teen years. Joined on 5 September 1936. Member of General Staff of XXII Arrested during World War II for being an "enemy alien". Lives in Berlin.[8] |
| Estonia | Elman, Erik | 1919 | 92 | Estonia | International Brigade | Joined in 1938. Volunteer in Republican Army at the Ebro front. Was in a concentration camp. 1941–1949 in Red Army (USSR).[9] |
| USSR | Kondrateva, Adelina | 12 February 1920 | 92 | Russia | Red Army | Military interpreter.[10] |
| USSR | Lavski, Victor | 1914 | 98 | Russia | Red Army | Bomber pilot. Committed 96 operational flights.[11] |
| USSR | Sossenko, George | 20 December 1918 | 93 | United States | Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Sébastien Faure Century | Fought in World War II with Free French. Medical engineer for Michelin Tire. Writer. Lives in Atlanta, Georgia.[12] |
| USSR | Zaitseva, Miroslava | 1913 | 99 | Russia | Red Army | Military interpreter.[13] |
| Spain | Morayta, Miguel | 15 August 1907 | 104 | Mexico | Second Spanish Republic | Was the youngest artillery officer in the Spanish military when the conflict started. Post war, left Spain for France and Africa, finally arriving in Mexico in 1941 where he started career as film director.[14] |
| Spain | Sampedro, José Luis | 1 February 1917 | 95 | Spain | Second Spanish Republic | Mobilized in 1936. Writer and novelist.[14] |
| Spain | Ana, Marcos | 20 January 1920 | 92 | Spain | Second Spanish Republic | Mobilized in 1936. Secretary general of JSU of Alcala in Peguerinos's zone in 1936. Affiliated to Communist Party of Spain.[14] |
| Spain | Carrillo, Santiago | 18 January 1915 | 97 | Spain | Communists | Arrested from October 1934 to February 1936 for participating in the failed 1934 leftist coup. Elected Councillor for Public Order in Defense Council of Madrid on 7 November 1936. Created Workers Party of Spain-Communist Unity. Led Communist forces in Madrid. Writer. Granted honorary doctorate by Autonomous University of Madrid.[15] |
| Spain | Gonzalez Francisco, Luis | 1920 | 92 | United Kingdom | International Brigade | Volunteered in 1936. Was captured on 2nd November 1938 in "Puebla de Masaluca" at 20:30 and was a prisoner of war until 1 April 1939.[citation needed] |
| United Kingdom | Kenton, Lou | 1 September 1908 | 103 | United Kingdom | International Brigade | Joined Communist Party in 1929. Volunteered in early 1937. Served as an Ambulance driver. Awarded Spanish passport on June 9, 2009, in London.[16][17][18][19] |
| United Kingdom | Lomon, David | 1918 | 94 | United Kingdom | International Brigade | Captured by Italian soldiers during 1938 Republican retreat. Spent months in prison camp until repatriatad. Joined the Royal Navy during World War II. Obtained passport from Spain in June 2011.[20] |
| United States | Hovan, John George | 1916 | 96 | United States | Abraham Lincoln Brigade | Volunteered in 1937. Served as a Transport driver. Granted Spanish honorary citizenship on July 9, 2009. Lives in Providence, Rhode Island.[21] |
Nationalist Forces—9 veterans
| Nationality | Name | Date of Birth | Age | Residence | Force served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Scholz, Günther | 8 December 1911 | 100 | Germany | Legion Condor, Luftwaffe | Joined Navy in 1934. Commander of the 54th JG during World War II. Recipient of the German Cross in Gold. Writer.[22] |
| Ireland | McGuinness, Denis | Ireland | Irish Brigade aka O'Duffy's Bandera | Last veteran of the Irish Brigade. Enlisted in December 1936. Discharged in June 1937.[23][24] | ||
| Spain | Comyn, Alfonso Armada | 20 February 1920 | 92 | Spain | Falange | Enlisted aged 16. Later fought as a member of the Division Azul on the Eastern Front.[25][26] |
| Spain | Córdoba, José María Gárate | 1918 | 94 | Spain | Nationalist Army | Promoted to captain in 1942. Awarded four medals. Military historian, author, and teacher.[27] |
| Spain | Limia, José Álvarez | 4 August 1919 | 92 | Spain | Nationalist Army | Served in Barcelona. Writer.[28] |
| Spain | Morera, Martí de Riguer i | 3 May 1914 | 98 | Spain | Spanish Legion | Writer. President of the "Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona" since 1965.[29] |
| Spain | Olivera, Faustino | 1919 | 93 | Spain | Nationalist Army | Volunteered in 1937. Wounded on November 11, 1938. Had a bullet removed from his shoulder after 70 years. Lives in Barbastro.[30] |
| Spain | Sierra, Luis de la | 1920 | 92 | Spain | Nationalist Navy | Volunteered in 1937. Served on board the cruiser Almirante Cervera. After the war, he became a Spanish Navy officer. He is a notable naval historian, author of at least seven books about naval warfare.[31] |
| Spain | Moldes, Belarmino | 29 August 1917 | 94 | Spain | Nationalist Army | Joined the nationalist army in 1935, he was a private first class,he was in the Engineer Corps. and later a chaplain. Joined the Blue Division in 1941 During World War II. He now resides in the suburbs of Madrid. He was born in Biobra a parish of Rubiá in Galicia (Spain) on August 29,1917. He was in La Coruna in the first year of the war and in the last few years of the war he was in the Battle of Teruel in the last few months of the war until victory. He was in training in Asturias for the Nationalist Army in 1935. After WW2 he and his family left for Havana and came back to Spain a few years before Franco's death.[citation needed] |
World Totals–28 veterans
- Verified claims of Republican Forces (incl. International Brigades): 19
- Verified claims of Nationalist Forces: 9
See also
References
- ^ Solinís, Pedro (2005-10). "La dignidad del resistente" (in Spanish). Mundo Obrero. http://www.nodo50.org/pce/mundoobrero/mopl.php?id=390. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
- ^ "podplukovník Karel Dufek (1916) - Životopis" (in Czech). Post Bellum. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/42. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ "kapitán Adolf Vodička (1913) - Životopis" (in Czech). Post Bellum. http://www.pametnaroda.cz/witness/index/id/44. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Oinonen, Virpi. "Man of conviction". Vapaa Sana. http://www.vapaasana.com/24-06-julespaivio.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Mackey, Doug (2008-04-25). "Local Man in New Book on Spanish Civil War". Community Voices. http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/columns/08_04_25.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Mäkinen, Juha (2007-10). "On behalf of Spain" (in Finnish). Voima. http://fifi.voima.fi/voima-artikkeli/2007/numero-10/espanjan-puolesta. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ Adolphe Low: Mein Weg nach Spanien. „informationen“ Studienkreis Deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 e. V., Heft 49, Mai 1999
- ^ "Fritz Teppich, der letzte Spanienkämpfer" (in German). RP Online. 2009-01-02. http://www.rp-online.de/politik/Fritz-Teppich-der-letzte-Spanienkaempfer_aid_656368.html. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ Leppik, Tatyana (2006-06-17). "Последний участник гражданской войны в Испании растит сад и пишет мемуары" (in Russian). Северное побережье. http://rus.pohjarannik.ee/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2109. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
- ^ Владимир, ПОТОЦКИЙ (2008-10-11). "Испания встречает своих героев" (in Russian). Европейский русский альянс. http://eursa.eu/node/1802. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ "Легендарному фронтовику вернули похищенные ордена" (in Russian). NewsTube. 2010-11-20. http://www.newstube.ru/media/legendarnomu-frontoviku-vernuli-poxishhennye-ordena. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- ^ "Brigadistas Internacionales en la Guerra Civil de España" (in Spanish). US Times. http://ustimes.com/Sossenko/brigadas.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ «Вечерка» объявляет акцию «Народный памятник» (in Russian)[dead link]
- ^ a b c Regalado, Antonio (2009-10-30). "Miguel Morayta: Un olvido de cine". ABC. http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-30-10-2009/abc/Toledo/miguel-morayta-un-olvido-de-cine_1131083948429.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Carrillo miente, 156 documentos contra 103 falsedades, Ricardo de la Cierva
- ^ Haynes, Deborah (2009-05-26). "Spanish Civil War volunteers are granted citizenship 70 years on". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6360886.ece. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Haslam, Chris (2007-10-21). "Band of brothers". The Times. p. 6. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article2688486.ece?token=null&offset=60. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Katz, Ian (2000-11-10). "'I shall never forget it, as long as I live'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,395345,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ [1][unreliable source?]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Abbruzzese of AP, Kelsey (2009-07-09). "American, 93, Honored as Spanish War Vet". CBS News [. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/07/09/national/main5146669.shtml. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ "Im Einsatz über Europa Der Jagdflieger Günther Scholz erinnert" (in German). 2009. http://www.militaria-buchversand.de/product_info.php?info=p367_Am-Himmel-Europas--Der-Jagdflieger-Guenther-Scholz-erinnert-sich.html. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ McGuinness, Niamh (2006). "A Bandera volunteer remembers". http://irelandscw.com/band-DMcG.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ "Obituary for one of the last Bandera volunteers - Update 2nd Sept 2008". Ireland and the Spanish Civil War. 2008-09-02. http://irelandscw.com/top-Contents-OD.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Martínez Ínglés, Amadeo: 23-F. El golpe que nunca existió, Foca, Madrid, 2001. ISBN 84-95440-13-X
- ^ Aguilar, Miguel Angel (1982-02-21). "Hubo careo Suárez-Armada en el otoño de 1977" (in Spanish). El País. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/ARMADA_COMYN/_ALFONSO_/MILITAR_23-F/SUAREZ/_ADOLFO/ESPAnA/GOLPISMO_EN_ESPAnA_/_23-F_/23-2-1981/Hubo/careo/Suarez-Armada/otono/1977/elpepiesp/19820221elpepinac_7/Tes/. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Córdoba, José (1972). Mil días de fuego: Memorias documentadas de la guerra del treinta y seis. Caralt Editores.
- ^ José Álvarez Limia's official website (in Spanish)
- ^ "Martín de Riquer" (in Spanish). Lecturalia. http://www.lecturalia.com/autor/3930/martin-de-riquer. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ Govan, Fiona (2008-02-13). "Spanish civil war veteran has bullet removed". Telegraph Media Group. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1578553/Spanish-civil-war-veteran-has-bullet-removed.html. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ^ Lago, José (2010-10-03). "Un Recuerdo al Capitán de Fragata Don Luis de la Sierra" (in Spanish). Historia Lago. http://www.historialago.com/av_0205_delasierra_01.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
External links
- Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives
- International Brigade Memorial Trust
- Ireland and the Spanish Civil War
- Last surviving Spanish Civil War Anarchist veteran
- Last surviving Spanish Civil War veteran from Wales
- Surviving Spanish Civil War veterans meet again
- The Front Lines of Social Change: Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
- TimesOnline looks at the veterans of the Spanish Civil War
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