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List of unconfirmed extrasolar planets

 
Wikipedia: List of unconfirmed extrasolar planets
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This is a list of unconfirmed extrasolar planets. When a planet candidate is confirmed, please remove it from this list and move it to List of extrasolar planets.
For a list of unconfirmed brown dwarfs, see list of brown dwarfs.
An artist's rendering of a hypothetical Jupiter-like exoplanet.

In addition to known extrasolar planets, there are many planet candidates whose existence is more or less uncertain, or they are now known not to exist.

Contents

Planet candidates with incomplete or poorly-constrained orbits

The following planet candidates have been detected indirectly (e.g. by the radial velocity method) but have not yet had sufficient observations to constrain their orbital properties, either because the planet has not yet completed a full orbit during the time of observation, or because the measurements are too sparse. The parameters given in this table are thus preliminary: further observations of these systems may result in significant changes.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
HD 1461 Cetus 00h 18m 42s −08° 03′ 11″ 76 c ≥0.072 454 1.165 0.74 2009 [1] The present day (2009) radial velocity method is hard to find Neptune-mass planets at more than 1 AU away from the stars.
HD 1461 Cetus 00h 18m 42s −08° 03′ 11″ 76 d ≥0.3 5000 5 0.16 2009 [1] All parameters for this planet are very poorly constrained.
GD 66 Auriga 05h 20m 38s +30° 48′ 24″ 170 b ≥2.36 2080 2.75 ~0 2009 [2][3] Partial orbit coverage
Gliese 317 Pyxis 08h 40m 59s −23° 27′ 23″ 29.9 c ≥0.83 ~2700 0.42 2007 [4] 2-planet solution modifies parameters of (confirmed) planet b.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Candidate transiting planets

There are several known stars for which potential planetary transits have been observed, however they lack enough follow-up information (such as radial velocity measurements) to rule out other hypotheses, such as the presence of a background eclipsing binary star, or a grazing transit of a larger object.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Radius
(RJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
WASP-9 483 b 1.3 1.99 2008
1SWASP-J115718.66+261906.1 Leo 11h 57m 19s +26° 19′ 06″ b 1.32 1.226804 2007 [5]
1SWASP-J130322.00+350525.4 Canes Venatici 13h 03m 22s +35° 05′ 25″ b 1.06 2.674207 2007 [5] Transit shape suggests this may be a grazing eclipsing binary.
1SWASP-J152131.01+213521.3 Serpens Caput 15h 21m 31s +21° 35′ 21″ b 1.62 1.338018 2007 [5]
1SWASP-J160242.43+290850.1 Corona Borealis 16h 02m 42s +29° 08′ 50″ b 1.53 1.304693 2007 [5] Transit shape suggests this may be a grazing eclipsing binary.
SWEEPS J175853.29−291233.5 Sagittarius 17h 58m 53s −29° 12′ 34″ ~22000 SWEEPS-01 1.01 1.566 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175853.38–291217.8 Sagittarius 17h 58m 53s −29° 12′ 18″ ~22000 SWEEPS-02 1.37 0.912 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175853.57–291144.1 Sagittarius 17h 58m 54s –29° 11′ 44″ ~22000 SWEEPS-03 0.87 1.279 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175854.60–291128.2 Sagittarius 17h 58m 55s –29° 11′ 28″ ~22000 SWEEPS-05 1.09 2.313 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175857.29–291253.4 Sagittarius 17h 58m 57s –29° 12′ 53″ ~22000 SWEEPS-06 0.82 3.039 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175857.69–291114.5 Sagittarius 17h 58m 58s –29° 11′ 15″ ~22000 SWEEPS-07 0.90 1.747 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175859.24–291328.7 Sagittarius 17h 58m 59s –29° 13′ 29″ ~22000 SWEEPS-08 0.98 0.868 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175859.60–291211.8 Sagittarius 17h 59m 00s –29° 12′ 12″ ~22000 SWEEPS-09 1.01 1.617 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175902.00–291323.7 Sagittarius 17h 59m 02s –29° 13′ 24″ ~22000 SWEEPS-10 1.24 0.424 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175904.44–291317.1 Sagittarius 17h 59m 04s –29° 13′ 17″ ~22000 SWEEPS-12 0.91 2.952 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175905.95–291305.6 Sagittarius 17h 59m 06s –29° 13′ 06″ ~22000 SWEEPS-13 0.78 1.684 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175907.56–291039.8 Sagittarius 17h 59m 08s –29° 10′ 40″ ~22000 SWEEPS-14 0.93 2.965 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175907.64–291023.7 Sagittarius 17h 59m 08s –29° 10′ 24″ ~22000 SWEEPS-15 1.37 0.541 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
SWEEPS J175908.44–291140.6 Sagittarius 17h 59m 08s –29° 11′ 41″ ~22000 SWEEPS-16 1.40 0.969 2006 [6] Distance modulus = 14.1
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Imaged planets without confirmed association

The following planet candidates have been imaged directly but have not yet been confirmed to be physically-associated with the stars they appear to be located near.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Projected
separation
(AU)		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
Beta Pictoris Pictor 05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 b 8 8 2008 [7] Planet in location predicted by analysing dust disk morphology.
1RXS J160929.1−210524 Scorpius 16h 09m 30s −21° 04′ 58″ 470 b 8 330 2008 [8]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Planets suspected from dust disk morphology

The following planets have been predicted based on the morphology of dust disks around their stars.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
Epsilon Eridani Eridanus 03h 32m 55s −09° 27′ 29″ 10.5 ~20 2008 [9] Associated with ~20 AU planetesimal belt.
Epsilon Eridani Eridanus 03h 32m 55s −09° 27′ 29″ 10.5 c ~0.1 ~40 ~0.3 2002 [10] Associated with outer icy debris disk.
Beta Pictoris Pictor 05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 b 2–5 ~12 ~0.01 2007 [11] May have been imaged.[7]
Beta Pictoris Pictor 05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 ~0.5 ~25 ~0.01 2007 [11] Associated with ~32 AU planetesimal belt.
Beta Pictoris Pictor 05h 47m 17s −51° 03′ 59″ 63.4 ~0.1 ~45 ~0.01 2007 [11] Associated with ~52 AU planetesimal belt.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Stars with radial velocity trends

The following stars have long-term radial velocity trends in addition to any confirmed planets they may have. This may indicate the presence of objects (possibly planetary in nature) in long-period orbits in these systems.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Velocity trend
(m/s per year)		 Ref Notes
HD 28185 Eridanus 04h 26m 26s −10° 33′ 02″ 138 11.0 [12] No trend found by Magellan Planet Search Program.[13]
Gliese 849 Aquarius 22h 09m 40s −04° 38′ 27″ 28.7 −4.6 [14]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Systems with possible transit variations

The following extrasolar planets have been suggested to have variations in the parameters of their transits across the face of their parent stars which may be caused by perturbations from an additional planet. Note that the planet designations listed in this table refer to the (confirmed) transiting planets: it is the additional perturbing planet that is unconfirmed. The discovery year refers to the discovery of the transit variations.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Transiting
Planet		 Discovery
year		 Ref Notes
OGLE-TR-111 Carina 10h 53m 01s −61° 24′ 20″ 5000 b 2008 [15] Unconfirmed second transiting planet.[16]
Gliese 436 Leo 11h 42m 11s +26° 42′ 23″ 33.48 b 2008 [17][18] Planet candidate Gliese 436 c has been retracted,[19] but alternate solutions are possible.[18]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Dubious and disproven candidates

This list includes disproven planets: objects which are no longer thought to be planetary, or no longer thought to exist at all, and objects which are detections which are suspected to be non-planetary in nature, for example radial velocity variations which may be caused by stellar variations. This list also contains planets which cannot be confirmed, for example planets detected in microlensing events which have low observational coverage.

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination Distance
(ly)		 Planet Discovery
year		 Detection
method		 Ref Notes
HD 11964 Cetus 01h 57m 09s −10° 14′ 32″ 110.8 d 2007 Radial velocity [20] Not detected in re-reduced data.[21] Detection possibly an effect of Earth's orbital motion.[20]
TMR-1 Taurus 04h 39m 14s +25° 53′ 21″ 460 C 1998 Imaging [22] Background star.[23]
HD 33636 Orion 05h 11m 46s +04° 24′ 13″ 91.6 b 2002 Radial velocity [24] Companion is a red dwarf star in a low-inclination orbit.[25]
TW Hydrae Hydra 11h 01m 52s −34° 42′ 17″ 180 b 2007 Radial velocity [26] Radial velocity variations caused by stellar spots.[27]
Gliese 436 Leo 11h 42m 11s +26° 42′ 23″ 33.48 c 2008 Transit variations [17] Retracted by authors.[19] Alternate solutions are still possible.[18]
1SWASP-J161732.90+242119.0 Hercules 16h 17m 33s +24° 21′ 19″ b 2007 Transits [5] No radial velocity variations: planet hypothesis ruled out.[5]
HD 150706 Ursa Minor 16h 31m 18s +79° 47′ 23″ 88.8 b 2002 Radial velocity [28] Not detected in independent measurements.[29]
MACHO-1997-BLG-41 (lens) Sagittarius 17h 56m 21s –28° 47′ 42″ ~10000 1999 Microlensing [30] Detection explained by orbital motion of binary star in lens system.[31]
Barnard's Star Ophiuchus 17h 57m 48s +04° 41′ 36″ 5.98 various 1963 Astrometry [32] Failed independent confirmation.[33] Artifact of telescope maintenance procedures.[34]
PSR B1829−10 Scutum 18h 32m 40s –10° 21′ 33″ 30000 1991 Pulsar timing [35] Error in correcting for Earth's orbital motion.[36]
HD 188753 A Cygnus 19h 54m 58s +41° 52′ 18″ 149 b 2005 Radial velocity [37] Planet not detected in follow-up; original data do not support planet hypothesis.[38]
HD 208487 Grus 21h 57m 20s −37° 45′ 49″ 144 c 2005 Radial velocity [39] Radial velocity variations probably caused by stellar activity.[29]
HD 219542 B Pisces 23h 16m 35s −01° 35′ 07″ 178 b 2003 Radial velocity [40] Radial velocity variations caused by stellar activity.[41]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Mullally, F. et al. (2008). "Limits on Planets around Pulsating White Dwarf Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 676 (1): 573–583. doi:10.1086/528672. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...676..573M. 
  3. ^ Fergal Mullally; Reach, William T.; Steven Degennaro; Adam Burrows (2008). "Spitzer Planet Limits around the Pulsating White Dwarf GD66". arΧiv:0812.2951 [astro-ph]. 
  4. ^ Johnson, J. A. et al. (2007). "A New Planet around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass". The Astrophysical Journal 670 (1): 833–840. doi:10.1086/521720. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...670..833J. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f Kane, S. R. et al. (2008). "SuperWASP-N extrasolar planet candidates from fields 06h < RA < 16h". MNRAS 384 (3): 1097–1108. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12722.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.384.1097K. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Sahu, K. C. et al. (2006). "Transiting extrasolar planetary candidates in the Galactic bulge". Nature 443 (7111): 534–540. doi:10.1038/nature05158. Bibcode: 2006Natur.443..534S. 
  7. ^ a b Lagrange, A. -M.; Gratadour, D.; Chauvin, G.; Fusco, T.; Ehrenreich, D.; Mouillet, D.; Rousset, G.; Rouan, D. et al. (2008). "A probable giant planet imaged in the β Pictoris disk". arΧiv:0811.3583 [astro-ph]. 
  8. ^ David Lafrenière; Ray Jayawardhana; van Kerkwijk, Marten H. (2008). "Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog". arΧiv:0809.1424 [astro-ph]. 
  9. ^ Backman, D.; Marengo, M.; Stapelfeldt, K.; Su, K.; Wilner, D.; Dowell, C. D.; Watson, D.; Stansberry, J. et al. (2008). "Epsilon Eridani's Planetary Debris Disk: Structure and Dynamics based on Spitzer and CSO Observations". arΧiv:0810.4564 [astro-ph]. 
  10. ^ Quillen, A. C. and Thorndike, S. (2002). "Structure in the ɛ Eridani Dusty Disk Caused by Mean Motion Resonances with a 0.3 Eccentricity Planet at Periastron". The Astrophysical Journal 578 (2): L149–L152. doi:10.1086/344708. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...578L.149Q. 
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  15. ^ Díaz, R. F. et al. (2008). "Detection of Period Variations in Extrasolar Transiting Planet OGLE-TR-111b". The Astrophysical Journal 682 (1): L49–L52. doi:10.1086/590907. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...682L..49D. 
  16. ^ Dante Minniti (2005). "Search for Double Transit Extrasolar Planetary Systems: Another Transiting Planet Around OGLE-TR-111 or a False Positive Detection?". arΧiv:astro-ph/0501440 [astro-ph]. 
  17. ^ a b Ribas, I. et al. (2008). "A ~5 M⊕ Super-Earth Orbiting GJ 436? The Power of Near-Grazing Transits". The Astrophysical Journal 677 (1): L59–L62. doi:10.1086/587961. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...677L..59R. 
  18. ^ a b c Coughlin, J. L. et al. (2008). "New Observations and a Possible Detection of Parameter Variations in the Transits of Gliese 436b". The Astrophysical Journal 689 (2): L149–L152. doi:10.1086/595822. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...689L.149C. 
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  20. ^ a b P.C. Gregory (Sept 6, 2007). "A Bayesian periodogram finds evidence for three planets in HD 11964". Arxiv. http://fr.arxiv.org/abs/0709.0970. Retrieved 2008-12-21. 
  21. ^ Wright, J. T.; Upadhyay, S.; Marcy, G. W.; Fischer, D. A.; Ford, Eric B.; John Asher Johnson (2008). "Ten New and Updated Multi-planet Systems, and a Survey of Exoplanetary Systems". arΧiv:0812.1582 [astro-ph]. 
  22. ^ Tereby, S. et al. (1998). "A Candidate Protoplanet in the Taurus Star-forming Region". The Astrophysical Journal 507 (1): L71–L74. doi:10.1086/311671. Bibcode: 1998ApJ...507L..71T. 
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  25. ^ Bean, J. L. et al. (2007). "The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities". The Astronomical Journal 134 (2): 749–758. doi:10.1086/519956. Bibcode: 2007AJ....134..749B. 
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  27. ^ Huélamo, N. et al. (2008). "TW Hydrae: evidence of stellar spots instead of a Hot Jupiter". Astronomy and Astrophysics 489 (2): L9–L13. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810596. Bibcode: 2008A&A...489L...9H. 
  28. ^ Udry, S.; Mayor, M. and Queloz, D. (2003). "Extrasolar Planets: from Individual Detections to Statistical Properties". in (ed. Drake Deming and Sara Seager). Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets. ASP Conference Series. 294. ISBN 1-58381-141-9. http://ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/code693/xprogram/june21.html. 
  29. ^ a b Wright, J.T. et al. (2007). "Four New Exoplanets and Hints of Additional Substellar Companions to Exoplanet Host Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 657 (1): 533–545. doi:10.1086/510553. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...657..533W. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/657/1/533/65907.html. 
  30. ^ Bennett et al. (1999). "Discovery of a planet orbiting a binary star system from gravitational microlensing". Nature 402: 57–59. doi:10.1038/46990. Bibcode: 1999Natur.402...57B. 
  31. ^ Albrow, M. D. et al. (2000). "Detection of Rotation in a Binary Microlens: PLANET Photometry of MACHO 97-BLG-41". The Astrophysical Journal 534 (2): 894–906. doi:10.1086/308798. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...534..894A. 
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  33. ^ Gatewood, G. and Eichhorn, H. (1973). "An unsuccessful search for a planetary companion of Barnard's star BD +4 3561". The Astronomical Journal 78 (8): 769–776. doi:10.1086/111480. Bibcode: 1973AJ.....78..769G. 
  34. ^ Hershey, J. L. (1973). "Astrometric analysis of the field of AC +65 6955 from plates taken with the Sproul 24-inch refractor". The Astronomical Journal 78 (5): 421–425. doi:10.1086/111436. Bibcode: 1973AJ.....78..421H. 
  35. ^ Bailes, M.; Lyne, A. G. and Shemar, S. L. (1991). "A planet orbiting the neutron star PSR1829–10". Nature 352: 311–313. doi:10.1038/352311a0. Bibcode: 1991Natur.352..311B. 
  36. ^ Lyne, A. G. and Bailes, M. (1992). "No Planet Orbiting PSR1829–10". Nature 355 (6357): 213. doi:10.1038/355213b0. Bibcode: 1992Natur.355..213L. 
  37. ^ Konacki, M. (2005). "An extrasolar giant planet in a close triple-star system". Nature 436 (7048): 230–233. doi:10.1038/nature03856. Bibcode: 2005Natur.436..230K. 
  38. ^ Eggenberger, A. et al. (2007). "No evidence of a hot Jupiter around HD 188753 A". Astronomy and Astrophysics 466 (3): 1179–1183. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066835. Bibcode: 2007A&A...466.1179E. 
  39. ^ Gregory, P.C. (2006). "A Bayesian Kepler periodogram detects a second planet in HD 208487". MNRAS 374 (4): 1321–1333. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11240.x. Bibcode: 2007MNRAS.374.1321G. 
  40. ^ Desidera, S. et al. (2003). "A search for planets in the metal-enriched binary HD 219542". Astronomy and Astrophysics 405: 207–221. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030531. Bibcode: 2003A&A...405..207D. 
  41. ^ Desidera, S. et al. (2004). "No planet around HD 219542 B". Astronomy and Astrophysics 420: L27–L30. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030531. Bibcode: 2003A&A...405..207D. 

External links

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Exoplanets
Classes HD189733b.jpg
Systems
Missions
See also: Stars with extrasolar planets • Extrasolar planet extremes • Unconfirmed exoplanets

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