This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the tenure of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (March 28, 1836 through October 12, 1864).
| Case name | Citation | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| United States v. Segui | 35 U.S. 306 (1836) | upholding the validity of a Spanish land grant in Florida |
| Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge | 36 U.S. 420 (1837) | Contract Clause of the Constitution |
| The Amistad | 40 U.S. 518 (1841) | slave trade and slave ownership |
| Swift v. Tyson | 41 U.S. 1 (1842) | Federal common law in diversity jurisdiction cases, later overturned |
| Luther v. Borden | 48 U.S. 1 (1849) | guarantee clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution |
| Prigg v. Pennsylvania | 41 U.S. 539 (1842) | runaway slaves |
| Passenger Cases | 48 U.S. 283 (1849) | taxation of immigrants, constitutionality of state laws regarding foreign commerce |
| Sheldon v. Sill | 49 U.S. 441 (1850) | Congressional control of the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts |
| Strader v. Graham | 51 U.S. 82 (1851) | slavery and the application of state laws thereof. |
| Hotchkiss v. Greenwood | 52 U.S. 248 (1850) | Early standard for non-obviousness in United States patent law |
| Cooley v. Board of Wardens | 53 U.S. 299 (1852) | pilotage laws under the Commerce Clause |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | 60 U.S. 393 (1856) | slavery, the definition of citizenship |
| Ableman v. Booth | 62 U.S. 506 (1859) | The contradiction of Federal law by States |
| Prize Cases | 67 U.S. 635 (1863) | presidential powers in wartime |
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