List of viceroys of New Spain

Viceroys of New Spain

In addition to viceroys, the following list includes the highest Spanish governors of the colony of New Spain, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant. Most of these individuals exercised most or all of the functions of viceroy, usually on an interim basis.

Spanish Rule Before Appointment of Viceroy

Of the Indies

1492 – 1499 Christopher Columbus, as governor or viceroy of the Indies

1499 – 1502 Francisco de Bobadilla, as governor of the Indies

1502 – 1509 Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, as governor of the Indies

1509 – 1518 Diego Columbus, as governor of the Indies until 1511, thereafter as viceroy

1518 – 1524 Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, as adelantado (governor-general) of Cuba

Of New Spain

13 August 1521 – 24 December 1521 Hernán Cortés, Marquis of Valle de Oaxaca

24 December 1521 – 30 December 1521 Cristóbal de Tapia

30 December 1521 – 12 October 1524 Hernán Cortés, Marquis of Valle de Oaxaca, as governor and captain general from 15 October 1522

12 October 1524 – 29 December 1524 Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo

29 December 1524 – 17 February 1525 Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo

17 February 1525 – 20 April 1525 Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz, Alonso de Zuazo

20 April 1525 – 23 May 1525 Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Zuazo

24 May 1525 – 28 January 1526 Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino

29 January 1526 – 24 June 1526 Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz

25 June 1526 – 3 July 1526 Hernán Cortés, Marquis of Valle de Oaxaca

4 July 1526 – 16 July 1526 Luis Ponce de León

16 July 1526 – 1 March 1527 Marcos de Aguilar

2 March 1527 – 22 August 1527 Alonso de Estrada, Gonzalo de Sandoval, Luis de la Torre

22 August 1527 – 8 December 1528 Alonso de Estrada, Luis de la Torre

9 December 1528 – 21 December 1529 Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)

21 December 1529 – 9 January 1531 Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Diego Delgadillo (the first Audiencia)

10 January 1531 – 16 April 1535 Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal, Vasco de Quiroga, Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado, Francisco Ceinos (the second Audiencia)

Viceroys during exploration and expansion (1535-1643)

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch
	Antonio de Mendoza, Marquis of Mondéjar, Count of Tendilla	November 14, 1535	November 25, 1550	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
	Luís de Velasco, Count of Santiago, padre	November 25, 1550	July 31, 1564	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
	Francisco Ceinos, Dean of the Audiencia	August 1, 1564	October 19, 1566	Philip II
	Gastón Carrillo de Peralta y Bosquete, Third Marquis of Falces	October 19, 1566	November 11, 1567	Philip II
	Licenciado Alonzo de Muñoz and Licenciado Luís Carrillo	November 11, 1567	April 1568	Philip II
	Licenciado Alonzo de Muñoz	April 1568	April 14, 1568	Philip II
	Francisco Ceinos, Dean of the Audiencia	April 14, 1568	November 4, 1568	Philip II
	Martín Enríquez de Almanza	November 5, 1568	October 4, 1580	Philip II
	Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, Fourth Count of La Coruña	October 4, 1580	June 19, 1583	Philip II
	Luís de Villanueva y Zapata, Dean of the Audiencia	June 19, 1583	September 24, 1584	Philip II
	Pedro de Moya y Contrerás (Archbishop of Mexico)	September 25, 1584	October 17, 1585	Philip II
	Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga First Marquis of Villamanrique	October 17, 1585	January 27, 1590	Philip II
	Luís de Velasco Marquis of Salinas, hijo	January 27, 1590	November 5, 1595	Philip II
	Gaspar de Zúñiga Acevedo y Fonseca, Fifth Count of Monterrey	November 5, 1595	October 27, 1603	Philip II
	Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marquis of Montesclaros	October 27, 1603	July 2, 1607	Philip III
	Luís de Velasco, Marquis of Salinas, hijo	July 2, 1607	June 19, 1611	Philip III
	García Guerra, O.P. (Archbishop of Mexico)	June 19, 1611	February 22, 1612	Philip III
	Pedro Otárola, Dean of the Audiencia	February 22, 1612	October 18, 1612	Philip III
	Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of Guadalcázar and Count of Posadas	October 18, 1612	March 14, 1621	Philip III
	Paz de Valecillo, Dean of the Audiencia	March 14, 1621	September 11, 1621	Philip III
	Diego Carrillo de Mendoza y Pimentel, First Marquis of Gélves	September 12, 1621	November 1, 1624	Philip IV
Vacant Due to the discrepancy on the arrival of successor Viceroy from November 1 to November 3, 1624.
	Rodrigo Pacheco y Osorio de Toledo, Third Marquis of Cerralvo	November 3, 1624	September 16, 1635	Philip IV
	Lope Díez de Aux de Armendáriz, Marquis of Cadereyta	September 16, 1635	August 28, 1640	Philip IV
	Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla, Seventh Duke of Escalona, Seventh Marquis of Villena and Seventh Count of Xiquena	August 28, 1640	June 10, 1642	Philip IV
	Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (Bishop of Puebla)	June 10, 1642	November 23, 1642	Philip IV
	García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, Second Count of Salvatierra and Marquis of Sobroso	November 23, 1642	May 14, 1648	Philip IV

Viceroys during the last Spanish Habsburgs (1643-1713)

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch
	Marcos de Torres y Rueda (Bishop of Yucatan)	May 15, 1648	April 22, 1649	Philip IV
	Matías de Peralta, Dean of the Audiencia	April 22, 1649	June 28, 1650	Philip IV
	Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, Ninth Count of Alba de Liste and Marquis of Villaflor	June 28, 1650	August 15, 1653	Philip IV
	Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, Eighth Duke of Alburquerque, Marquis of Cuéllar, Count of Ledesma and of Huelma	August 15, 1653	September 16, 1660	Philip IV
	Juan de Leyva de la Cerda, Count of Baños and Marquis of Leyva and of Ladrada	September 16, 1660	June 29, 1664	Philip IV
	Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas (Bishop of Puebla)	June 29, 1664	October 15, 1664	Philip IV
	Antonio Sebastián de Toledo Molina y Salazar, Second Marquis of Mancera	October 16, 1664	November 20, 1673	Philip IV
	Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Castro, Sixth Duke of Veragua, Sixth Marquis of Jamaica and Sixth Count of Gelves	November 20, 1673	December 13, 1673	Charles IV
	Payo Enríquez de Rivera Manrique, O.S.A. (Bishop of Guatemala and Archbishop of Mexico)	December 13, 1673	November 7, 1680	Charles IV
	Tomás Antonio Manuel Lorenzo de la Cerda y Aragón Third Marquis of La Laguna de Camero Viejo	November 7, 1680	June 16, 1686	Charles IV
	Melchor Portocarrero y Lasso de la Vega, Third Count of Monclova	June 16, 1686	November 20, 1688	Charles IV
	Gaspar Melchor Baltasar de la Cerda Silva Sandoval y Mendoza, Eighth Count of Galve, Lord of Salcedón and Tortola	November 20, 1688	February 27, 1696	Charles IV
	Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño (Bishop of Durango, Guatemala, Michoacán and Archbishop of Mexico)	February 27, 1696	December 18, 1696	Charles IV
	José Sarmiento y Valladares, Count of Moctezuma and of Tula	December 18, 1696	November 4, 1701	Charles IV
	Juan de Ortega Cano Montañez y Patiño (Archbishop of Mexico)	November 4, 1701	November 27, 1702	Philip V
	Francisco V Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez y Fernández de la Cueva, Tenth Duke of Alburquerque and Marquis of Cuéllar	November 27, 1702	November 13, 1710	Philip V

Viceroys during the Bourbon Reforms (1713-1789)

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch
	Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, First Duke of Linares and Marquis of Valdefuentes	November 13, 1710	July 16, 1716	Philip V
	Baltasar de Zúñiga Guzmán Sotomayor y Mendoza, Duke of Arión and Marquis of Valero	July 16, 1716	October 15, 1722	Philip V
	Juan de Acuña y Bejarano, Second Marquis of Casa Fuerte	October 15, 1722	March 17, 1734	Louis I From 1700-1724, Philip V of Spain was the king; then from 1724-1746. Louis I only reigned in 1724.
	Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta] (Archbishop of Mexico)	March 17, 1734	August 17, 1740	Philip V
	Pedro de Castro Figueroa y Salazar, First Duke of La Conquista and First Marquis of Gracia Real	August 17, 1740	August 22, 1741	Philip V
	Pedro Malo de Villavicencio, President of the Audiencia	August 23, 1741	November 2, 1742	Philip V
	Pedro Cebrián y Agustín, Third Count of Fuenclara	November 3, 1742	July 9, 1746	Philip V
	Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas, First Count of Revillagigedo	July 9, 1746	November 9, 1755	Ferdinand VI
	Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón, Marquis of Las Amarillas	November 10, 1755	February 5, 1760	Ferdinand VI
	Francisco Antonio de Echávarri, Dean of the Audiencia	February 5, 1760	April 28, 1760	Ferdinand VI
	Francisco Cajigal de la Vega	April 28, 1760	October 5, 1760	Charles III
	Joaquín de Montserrat, Marquis of Cruillas	October 5, 1760	August 24, 1766	Charles III
	Carlos Francisco de Croix, Marquis of Croix	August 24, 1766	September 22, 1771	Charles III
	Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Marquis of Valleheroso and Count of Jerena	September 22, 1771	April 9, 1779	Charles III
	Francisco Romá y Rosell, Regent of the Audiencia	April 10, 1779	August 22, 1779	Charles III
	Martín de Mayorga Ferrer, Captain General of Guatemala	August 23, 1779	April 28, 1783	Charles III
	Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo, Captain General of Guatemala	April 28, 1783	October 20, 1784	Charles III
	Vicente de Herrera y Rivero, Regent of the Audiencia	October 20, 1784	June 17, 1785	Charles III
	Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Viscount of Galveston and Count of Gálvez	June 17, 1785	November 30, 1786	Charles III
	Eusebio Sánchez Ventura Pareja y Beleño Regent of the Audiencia	November 30, 1786	May 8, 1787	Charles III
	Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta (Archbishop of Mexico)	May 8, 1787	August 16, 1787	Charles III
	Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado Martínez Ángulo y Bodquín	August 16, 1787	October 16, 1789	Charles III

Under King Charles IV

• 17 October 1789 – 11 July 1794 Don Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo
• 12 July 1794 – 31 May 1798 Don Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca y Branciforte, marqués de Branciforte
• 31 May 1798 – 30 April 1800 Don Miguel José de Azanza
• 30 April 1800 – 4 January 1803 Don Félix Berenguer de Marquina

Viceroys during the War of Independence

Viceroy		Term Start	Term Ended	King
Don José de Iturrigaray		4 January 1803	16 September 1808	Charles IV
Don Pedro de Garibay		16 September 1808	19 July 1809	Joseph Bonaparte
Don Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont		19 July 1809	8 May 1810	Ferdinand VII
Don Pedro Catani		8 May 1810	14 September 1810	Ferdinand VII
Don Francisco Javier Venegas		14 September 1810	4 March 1813	Ferdinand VII
Don Félix María Calleja del Rey		4 March 1813	20 September 1816	Ferdinand VII
Don Juan Ruiz de Apodaca		20 September 1816	5 July 1821	Ferdinand VII
Don Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo		15 July 1821	21 July 1821	Ferdinand VII
Don Juan O'Donojú		21 July 1821	28 September 1821	Ferdinand VII

See also

• New Spain
• Mexico
• History of Mexico
• List of Presidents of Mexico

External links

• (Spanish) List of viceroys and other colonial rulers at the Mexican government site
• (Spanish) Cronología de los Gobernantes de México 1325-2000 (Powerpoint)
• (Spanish) List of Spanish colonial officials before the viceroyalty