The Vietnam War was a military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959[1] to 30 April 1975. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other member nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).[2][3]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Vietnam War:
Contents |
Military activity
Operations
Listed by starting date:
- Operation 34A - (1964)
- Operation Starlite - August 18-24 1965
- Operation Hump- November 5, 1965
- Operation Crimp - January 7, 1966
- Operation Birmingham - April 1966
- Operation Hastings - Late May 1966
- Operation Prairie - August 1966
- Operation Deckhouse Five - January 6, 1967
- Operation Cedar Falls - January 8, 1967
- Operation Junction City - February 21, 1967
- Operation Francis Marion - April 6 - April 30, 1967
- Operation Union - April 21–May 16, 1967
- Operations Malheur I and Malheur II - 11 May - July 1, 1967
- Operation Baker - May 11, 1967
- Operation Scotland - See Battle of Khe Sanh
- Operation Pegasus - August 8, 1968
- Operation Dewey Canyon - January 22, 1969
- Operation Twinkletoes - 1969
- Operation Apache Snow - May 10 - May 20, 1969
- Operation Chicago Peak - April 1970
- Operation Texas Star - April - September, 1970
- Operation Ivory Coast - November 21, 1970
- Operation Jefferson Glenn - 1970-1971
- Operation Lam Son 719 - February 8, 1971
- Ho Chi Minh Campaign January 24 - April 30, 1975
- Operation Frequent Wind - April, 1975
Battles
- Battle of Ap Bac - January 2, 1963
- Battle of Kien Long - April 11 - April 15, 1964
- Battle of Thanh Hóa - July 31, 1964
- Battle of Binh Gia - December 28, 1964 - January 1, 1965
- Battle of Dong Xoai - June 10, 1965
- Battle near Minh Thanh - October 25 - October 27, 1965
- Battle of Ia Drang - November 14 - November 16, 1965
- Battle of Cu Nghi - January 28 - January 31, 1966
- Battle of Kim Son Valley - February 16 - February 28, 1966
- Battle of A Shau - March 9 - March 10, 1966
- Battle of Xa Cam My - April 11 - April 12, 1966
- First Battle of Dong Ha - Late May - June, 1966
- Battle on Minh Thanh Road - July 9, 1966
- Battle of Đức Cơ - August 9, 1966
- Battle of Long Tần - August 18- August 19, 1966
- Viet Cong attack on Tan Son Nhut airbase - December 4, 1966
- Battle of LZ Bird - December 27, 1966
- Battle of Tra Binh Dong - February 14 - February 15, 1967
- Battle of Ap My An - February 17, 1967
- Battle of Hills 881 and 861 - April 24-May 9, 1967
- Nine Days in May - May 18 - May 28, 1967
- Battle of Vinh Huy - May 30 - June 2, 1967
- Battle of Con Thien - July 2 - July 3, 1967
- Battle of Dong Son - September 4, 1967
- Battle of Ong Thang - October 17, 1967
- First Battle of Loc Ninh - October 29 - November, 1967
- Battle of Dak To - November 3-November 22, 1967
- Battle in the Mekong Delta - December 4, 1967
- Battle of Tam Quan - December 6 - December 20, 1967
- Battle of Thom Tham Khe - December 27 - December 28, 1967
- Phoenix Program - 1967 - 1972
- Battle of Khe Sanh - January 21 - April 8, 1968
- Tet Offensive - January 30 - February 25, 1968
- Battle of Bien Hoa (1968) - January 24 - March 1, 1968
- First Battle of Saigon - January 31, - February 3, 1968
- Battle of Hue - January 31, - February 25, 1968
- Battle of Kham Duc - May 10 - May 12, 1968
- Battle of Coral-Balmoral - May 12 - June 6, 1968
- Tet 1969 - February 1969
- Battle of Hamburger Hill - May 10 - May 20, 1969
- Battle of Binh Ba - June 6–8, 1969
- Firebase Ripcord - March 12 - July 23, 1970
- Cambodian Incursion - April 29 - July 22, 1970
- Battle of Snoul - January 5 - May 30, 1971
Battle of Long Khanh - June 6–7, 1971- Easter Offensive - March 30 - October 22, 1972
- First Battle of Quang Tri - March 30 - May 1, 1972
- Battle of Loc Ninh - April 4 - April 7, 1972
- Battle of An Loc - April 20 - July 20, 1972
- Second Battle of Quang Tri - June 28 - September 16, 1972
- Battle of Phuoc Long - December 13, 1974 - January 6, 1975
- Battle of Buon Me Thuot - March 10 - March 12, 1975
- Battle of Xuan Loc - April 9 - April 20, 1975
Air campaigns
- Operation Farm Gate
- Operation Chopper (1962)
- Operation Ranch Hand (1962-1971)
- Operation Pierce Arrow (1964)
- Operation Barrell Roll (1964-1972)
- Operation Pony Express (1965-1970)
- Operation Flaming Dart (1965)
- Operation Rolling Thunder (1965-1968)
- Operation Steel Tiger (1965-1968)
- Operation Arc Light (1965-1973)
- Operation Tiger Hound (1965-1968)
- Operation Shed Light (1966-1972)
- Operation Carolina Moon (1966)
- Operation Wahiawa (1966)
- Operation Bolo (1967)
- Operation Popeye (1967-1972
- Operation Niagara (1968)
- Operation Igloo White (1968-1973
- Operation Giant Lance (1969)
- Operation Commando Hunt (1968-1972)
- Operation Menu (1969-1970)
- Operation Patio (1970)
- Operation Freedom Deal (1970-1973)
- Operation Linebacker (1972)
- Operation Enhance Plus (1972)
- Operation Linebacker II (1972)
- Operation Homecoming (1973)
- Operation Baby Lift (1975)
- Operation Eagle Pull (1975)
- Operation Frequent Wind (1975)
Military medals
South Vietnam
- National Order of Vietnam
Vietnam Military Merit Medal - Vietnam Distinguished Service Order
Vietnam Meritorious Service Medal Vietnam Special Service Medal - Vietnam Gallantry Cross
- Vietnam Air Gallantry Cross
Vietnam Navy Gallantry Cross - Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal
- Vietnam Civil Actions Medal
Vietnam Staff Service Medal Vietnam Technical Service Medal Vietnam Wound Medal - Vietnam Campaign Medal
- Presidential Unit Citation (Vietnam)
- Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
- Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation
North Vietnam
- Golden Star Medal
- Ho Chi Minh Order
- Defeat American Aggression Badge
- Vietnam Liberation Order
- Resolution for Victory Order
United States
- Medal of Honor rare
- Distinguished Service Cross rare
- Navy Cross uncommon
- Air Force Cross uncommon
- Silver Star uncommon
- Purple Heart frequent
- Bronze Star frequent
- Presidential Unit Citation rare
- Vietnam Service Medal very common
- National Defense Service Medal very common
- Commendation Medal common
Anti-war publications in the US forces
- "Fatigue Press" at Fort Hood,
- "Last Harass" at Fort Gordon, Georgia
- "Pawn's Pawn" at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri
- "Ultimate Weapon" at Fort Dix, New Jersey
- "Attitude Check" at Camp Pendleton, California
- "Green Machine" at Fort Greely, Alaska
- "Napalm" at Fort Campbell, Tennessee
- "Arctic Arsenal" at Fort Greely, Alaska
- "Black Voice" at Fort McClellan, Alabama
- "Fragging Action" at Fort Dix
- "Fort Polk Puke" at Fort Polk, Louisiana
- "Custer's Last Stand" at Fort Riley, Kansas
- "Whack!" from the Women's Army Corps School
- "Where Are We?" at Fort Huachuca, Arizona
- "Voice of the Lumpen" (affiliated with the Black Panther Party) in Frankfurt
- "Can You Bear McNair?" at McNair Barracks, Berlin
- "Seasick" at Subic Bay
- "The Man Can't Win If You Grin" in Okinawa
- "Korea Free Press"
- "Semper Fi" in Japan
- "Stars and Bars" in England
- "Separated From Life" in England
- "Duck Power" in San Diego
- "Harass the Brass" at Canute Air Force Base, Illinois
- "All Hands Abandon Ship", Newport, Rhode Island
- "Now Hear This", Long Beach
- "Potemkin" on the USS Forestall
- "Star Spangled Bummer" at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio
- "Fat Albert's Death Ship" in Charlestown
- "Pig Boat Blues", USS Agerholm
- "Special Weapons", Kirtland AFB, New Mexico
- "I Will Fear No Evil", Kirtland AFB, New Mexico
- "Blows Against the Empire", Kirtland AFB, New Mexico
- "Below The angles"
source: "The American War" - see references below
People of the Vietnam War
South Vietnamese people
- Bao Dai
- Duong Van Minh
- Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu
- Ngo Dinh Diem
- Ngo Dinh Nhu
- Nguyen Cao Ky
- Nguyen Khanh
- Nguyen Van Thieu
American people
- Creighton W. Abrams
- Dean Acheson
- Spiro Agnew
- Ellsworth Bunker
- McGeorge Bundy
- William Bundy
- William Calley
- Clark Clifford
- William Colby
- A. Peter Dewey
- John Foster Dulles
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Daniel Ellsberg
- J. William Fulbright
- Barry Goldwater
- David Hackworth
- Alexander Haig
- Paul D. Harkins
- Seymour Hersh
- Hubert Humphrey
- Lyndon Johnson
- John F. Kennedy
- John Kerry
- Henry Kissinger
- Melvin Laird
- Edward Lansdale
- Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
- Mike Mansfield
- Graham Martin
- Robert McNamara
- George McGovern
- Richard Nixon
- Pete Peterson
- Charika Pugh
- Dean Rusk
- Maxwell D. Taylor
- Hugh C. Thompson, Jr
- John Paul Vann
- Gary Varsel
- William Westmoreland
North Vietnamese people
- Ho Chi Minh
- Le Duan
- Tran Van Tra
- Le Duc Tho
- Pham Van Dong
- General Giap
- Poewll Ward
Cambodian people
Non-fiction
- David H. Hackworth. 1989 About Face
- A.J. Langguth. 2000. Our Vietnam: the War 1954-1975.
- Mann, Robert. 2002. Grand Delusion, A: America's Descent Into Vietnam.
- Windrow, Martin. 2005. The Last Valley: Dien Bien Phu and the French Defeat in Vietnam.
- Bernard Fall. 1967. Hell in a Very Small Place: the Siege of Dien Bien Phu.
- Harvey Pekar. 2003. American Splendor: Unsung Hero
- Prados, John. 2000. The Blood Road: The Ho Chi Minh Trail and the Vietnam War.
- Prados, John. 1999. Valley of Decision: The Siege of Khe Sanh.
- Shultz, Robert H. Jr. 2000. The Secret War Against Hanoi: The Untold Story of Spies, Saboteurs, and Covert Warriors in North Vietnam.
- Plaster, John L. 1998. SOG: The Secret Wars of America's Commandos in Vietnam.
- Murphy, Edward F. 1995. Dak To: America's Sky Soldiers in South Vietnam's Central Highlands.
- Nolan, Keith W. 1996. The Battle for Saigon: Tet 1968.
- Nolan, Keith W. 1996. Sappers in the Wire: The Life and Death of Firebase Mary Ann.
- Nolan, Keith W. 1992. Operation Buffalo: USMC Fight for the DMZ.
- Nolan, Keith W. 2003. Ripcord : Screaming Eagles Under Siege, Vietnam 1970.
- Robert S. McNamara. 1996. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam.
- Larry Berman. 2002. No Peace, No Honor: Nixon, Kissinger, and Betrayal in Vietnam.
- Bergerud, Eric M. 1994. Red Thunder, Tropic Lightning: The World of a Combat Division in Vietnam.
- Bernard Edelman. 2002. Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam.
- Darrel D. Whitcomb. 1999. The Rescue of Bat 21.
- Oberdorfer, Don. 1971. Tet: the Story of a Battle and its Historic Aftermath.
- LTG Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway. 1992. We Were Soldiers Once ... And Young.
- Duiker, William J. 2002. Ho Chi Minh: A Life.
- John Laurence. 2002. The Cat from Hue: A Vietnam War Story.
- Emerson, Gloria. 1976. Winners and Losers: Battles, Retreats, Gains, Losses and Ruins from a Long War.
- Philip Caputo. 1977. A Rumor of War.
- Al Santoli. 1981. Everything We Had: an Oral History of the Vietnam War by 33 American Soldiers Who Fought It.
- Robert C. Mason. 1983. Chickenhawk.
- Michael Herr. 1977. Dispatches.
- Joseph T. Ward. 1991. Dear Mom: a Sniper's Vietnam.
- Hemphill, Robert. 1998. Platoon: Bravo Company.
- Noam Chomsky. 1967. The Responsibility of Intellectuals.
- Moore, Robin. 1965 The Green Berets (ISBN 0-312-98492-8)
Fiction
- Robert Olen Butler. 1992. A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain
- Nelson Demille. 2002. Up Country.
- Garth Ennis. 2003. The Punisher: Born
- Daniel Ford. 1967. Incident at Muc Wa (filmed 1976 as Go Tell the Spartans).
- Graham Greene. 1955. The Quiet American (filmed 1958, 2002).
- Larry Heinemann. 1986. Paco's Story.
- Gustav Hasford. 1979. The Short-Timers (filmed 1987 as Full Metal Jacket).
- Duong Thu Huong. 2005. No Man's Land.
- Phillip Jennings. 2005. Nam-a-Rama.
- Denis Johnson. 2007. Tree of Smoke.
- William Pelfrey. 1984. The Big V.
- Stephen King. 1999. Hearts in Atlantis. (filmed 2001 as "Hearts in Atlantis")
- Walter Dean Myers. 1995. Fallen Angels
- Bao Ninh. 1995. The Sorrow of War.
- Tim O'Brien. 1978. Going After Cacciato.
- Tim O'Brien. 1990. The Things They Carried.
- Tim O'Brien. 1973. If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Send Me Home.
- Edward B. Robinson. 2006. The Godhead[2]
- James H. Webb. 1978. Fields of Fire.
- John M. Del Vecchio. 1982. The 13th Valley.
Film
- Across the Universe (film)
- Air America
- The Anderson Platoon (documentary)
- Apocalypse Now
- Bat*21
- Birdy (film)
- Born on the Fourth of July
- A Bright Shining Lie
- The Boys in Company "C"
- Casualties of War
- The Challenge (1970 film) (Vietnam-era jungle warfare by proxy)
- Coming Home
- Dead Presidents
- The Deer Hunter
- Dien Bien Phu (French)
- Flight of the Intruder
- The Fog of War (documentary)
- 84 Charlie Mopic
- The Expandalbes
- Eye of the Eagle 3
- Forrest Gump
- Full Metal Jacket
- Go Tell the Spartans
- Good Morning, Vietnam
- The Green Berets
- Hair (film)
- Hamburger Hill
- Hanoi Hilton
- Hearts and Minds (documentary)
- Heaven & Earth
- In The Shadow of The Blade (documentary)
- In the Year of the Pig (documentary)
- Jacob's Ladder
- Jacknife
- The Killing Fields
- The Mills of the Gods: Viet Nam (documentary)
- No Substitute for Victory (documentary)
- The Odd Angry Shot (Australian)
- Path to War
- Platoon
- Platoon Leader
- Purple Hearts
- The Quiet American (1958)
- The Quiet American (2002)
- Rambo
- Rescue Dawn
- The Siege of Firebase Gloria
- The 317th Platoon (French)
- Tigerland
- To the Shores of Hell
- Tribes (film)
- The Ugly American
- Uncommon Valor
- The War at Home (1979 film) (documentary)
- We Were Soldiers
- White Badge (South Korean)
- A Yank in Viet-Nam
Although there is no official list grouping, the major Vietnam war movies have been noted for their main focus on a particular branch of the United States Military in Vietnam. Full Metal Jacket is about the U.S. Marines in Vietnam, Platoon is about the U.S. Army in Vietnam, We Were Soldiers is about the Air Cavalry in Vietnam, Apocalypse Now is, to an extent, about the U.S. Navy in Vietnam, Hamburger Hill is about the Airborne in Vietnam and The Green Berets is about the Green Berets in Vietnam.
Allied armies appear in Dien Bien Phu, The Odd Angry Shot, and White Badge.
As yet, there is no Vietnamese film to provide that country's perspective.
Other
- The musical Miss Saigon
See also
References
- ^ Diem instituted a policy of death penalty against any communist activity in 1956. The Vietcong began an assassination campaign in early 1957. An article by French scholar Bernard Fall published in July 1958 concluded that a new war had begun. The first large unit military action was on 26 September 1959, when the Vietcong ambushed two ARVN companies.[1]
- ^ The landmark series Vietnam: A Television History, first broadcast in 1983, is a special presentation of the award-winning PBS history series, American Experience.
- ^ "Vietnam War". Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628478/Vietnam-War. Retrieved 5 March 2008. "Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in its longest and most controversial war"
Further reading
History texts
- Vaughn Davis Bornet. [1984]. "The Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Chapters 3, 4, 11, 14.
- Phillip Davidson. 1988. Vietnam at War: The History 1946-1975
- Daniel Ellsberg. 2002. Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. New York: Viking Press.
- Frances FitzGerald. 1972. Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
- Felix Greene. 1966. VIETNAM! VIETNAM! IN PHOTOGRAPHS AND TEXT. Palo Alto, California: Fulton Publishing Company, LCCN: 66-28359.
- David Halberstam. 1969. The Best and the Brightest. New York. Ballantine Books.
- Patrick J. Hearden. 1991. The Tragedy of Vietnam New York: Harper Collins.
- George C. Herring. 1979. "America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975". Boston: McGraw-Hill.
- Stanley Karnow. 1983. Vietnam, A History. New York: Viking Press, ISBN 0-14-026547-3
- Michael P. Kelley. 2002 Where We Were In Vietnam, 1945-1975. Hellgate Press. ISBN 1-55571-625-3
- Michael Maclear. 1981. Vietnam, The Ten Thousand Day War. London: Mandarin, ISBN 0-7493-0016-7
- Robert J. McMahon. 2003. Major Problems in the History of the s relating Vietnam War. New York, Houghton Mifflin Co., ISBN 0-618-19312-X
- Robert McNamara. 1995. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. (written with Brian VanDeMark) New York: Vintage Books.
- Robert Mann. 2001. A Grand Delusion: America's Descent into Vietnam. New York: Basic Books.
- Wilbur H. Morrison. 2001. The Elephant and the Tiger. Hellgate Press. ISBN 1-55571-612-1
- Jonathan Neale. 2001. The American War: Vietnam 1960-1975. London: Bookmarks Publications Limited, ISBN 1-898876-67-3
- James S. Olson (editor). 1988. Dictionary of the Vietnam War. New York: Greenwood Press, Inc.
- Gareth Porter, Perils Of Dominance: Imbalance Of Power And The Road To War In Vietnam, University of California Press (June, 2005), hardcover, 403 pages, ISBN 0-520-23948-2
- Robert Schulzinger. 1997. A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941-1975. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Neil Sheehan. 1988. A Bright Shining Lie. New York: Vintage.
- Lewis Sorley. 1999. A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam New York: Harcourt.
- Shelby Stanton. 1987. Vietnam: Order of Battle
- Shelby Stanton. 1988. The Rise and Fall of an American Army
- Gabriel Kolko. 1994. Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience London: Phoenix Press.
- Bob Fink. 1981 Vietnam, A View from the Walls. Detroit: Greenwich Publishing. ISBN 0-912424-08-7.
External links
Find more about Vietnam War on Wikipedia's sister projects:
- 4-part video series profiling the untold story of the Vietnam War.
- Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam
- VietnamWar.com - biographies, pictures, historical data
- A Vietnam Veterans Site, Excellent Historical Information and photos
- About the Khe Sanh Hill Fights
- Asian-Nation: The Viet Nam/American War
- Congressional Use of Funding Cutoffs Involving US Military Forces and Overseas Deployments
- Department of the Navy—Navy Historical Center: By Sea, Air, and Land
- GI Resistance in the Vietnam War, 1961-1973 Covers the fraggings, "search and avoid" missions, etc.
- Over There by Peter Egan and Joel Fields
- PBS American Experience: Vietnam Online
- Pentagon Papers
- Teaching about Vietnam and the Vietnam War
- The Annals of Vietnam (emphasis on the early years of the conflict)
- Viet Nam Today for Vets
- Photographs by Vietnamese war photographers
- Vietnam War picture essay
- Vietnam War picture gallery
- Vietnam War Terminology and Slang
- Vietnam Views (marking the 30th anniversary of its end, a social journal that captures stories from those affected by the war)
- Vietnam War uniforms and equipment
- The personal account of a GI about army personnel's resistance to the war by Dave Blalock
- Virtual Vietnam Archive (more than 2 million pages of online historical materials)
- The Effects of Vietnamization on the Republic of Vietnam's Armed Forces, 1969-1972
- The Virtual Wall online Vietnam Veterans Memorial
- Vietnam War Films
- Flags of the Viêt Nam War
- Spraying of Agent orange by US Army in Vietnam and its consequences
- CBC Digital Archives –Canada's Secret War: Vietnam
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