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Liu Xiang (simplified Chinese: 刘向; traditional Chinese: 劉向; pinyin: Liú Xiàng; Wade-Giles: Liu Hsiang 79-8 BCE)[1] born Liu Gengsheng (劉更生), courtesy name Zizheng (子政), was a famous Confucian scholar of the Han Dynasty. He was born in Xuzhou and related to Liu Bang, the founder of the Han dynasty. His son, Liu Xin, developed the "Triple Concordance" astronomical system.
Liu compiled the first catalogue of the imperial library and was the first editor of the Shan Hai Jing (finished by his son))[2]. He was a prodigious collector of old stories, which he compiled into the Zhan Guo Ce, the Xinxu (新序, "New Prefaces"), the Shuoyuan (說苑, "Garden of Stories"), the Lienü Zhuan, and probably the Liexian Zhuan.
In 26 BCE he was commanded by the emperor Han Cheng di to reorganize the neglected imperial library. The work was aided by Liu Xin and completed by him after father's death. Thus in the cultural history of the Han Lius became second famous family after Sima Tan and Sima Qian. They are credited with creation of the canonical forms of classical texts, some of which went uchallenged until the Guodian discovery of 1993.
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References
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- Fei, Zhengang, "Liu Xiang". Encyclopedia of China (Philosophy Edition), 1st ed.
- Loewe, Michael. (1986). "The Former Han Dynasty," in The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, 103–222. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521243270.
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